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Abstract: The study aimed to reveal effectiveness of teaching the text structure in developing persuasive writing skills for female student of 8th grade in Abu Dhabi schools. Tests were prepared to measure the performance of study personnel in persuasive writing departments, and a standardwas developed for measuring performance in the test.
The study revealed the presence of a statistically significant difference between the arithmetic averages of the performance of the study members in each of the four departments of persuasive writing. This study should collectively be in favor of the experimental group. Keywords: Effectiveness, persuasive writing, school, text structure. Resumen: El estudio tuvo como objetivo revelar la eficacia de la enseñanza de la estructura del texto en el desarrollo de habilidades de escritura persuasiva how to teach cause and effect text structure estudiantes femeninas de octavo grado en las escuelas de Abu Dhabi.
El estudio reveló la presencia de una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los promedios aritméticos del desempeño de los miembros del estudio, en cada uno de los cuatro departamentos de escritura persuasiva. Este estudio debe estar colectivamente a favor del grupo experimental. Palabras clave: Efectividad, escritura persuasiva, escuela, estructura del texto. Teachers of Arabic language exert great efforts in teaching writing in general and deal with it as practical matter, with special procedures and skills and multi patterns.
The precise and specific distinction between such types and patterns, and the method of teaching the how to teach cause and effect text structure typing in the teacher guide does not teach the sub skills and procedures that specialize how to teach cause and effect text structure every writing style and the ensuing divergence in the structure and organizational structure of the written text, its objective and duty. Effeft is no doubt that this disparity is also followed by a difference in the method of writing and a difference in sub-skills and sub-procedures for each type or style of writing.
The importance of writing has increased in contemporary changes, technological developments, White et al. The students are not only calm in the usual forms but also in electronic devices. Also some researchers confirm that the technological development has given rise to new media tools. The persuasive or dialectical writing requires multi thinking processes. Some specialists have indicatedthat dialectical writing is an exercise in thinking processes of all kinds, developing Critical and Analytical Thinking Al-Hashemi and Al-Azzawi Some previous studies have emphasized the importance of developing thinking skills and controversy and providing opportunities for students to practice research and practical scientific investigations through the what is a database for dummies which participates and contributes to the integration of students in logical scientific arguments and help them to think and develop their dialectical writings.
It aims to justify or refute a particular point of view where the reader takes on the role of a rational judge. In other words, it is the mental dialogue in the interaction between the author and the reader, where the active participation between them contributes to the development of self-awareness of the subject What is terminal velocity class 11 formulapp.
As for the dialectical text, the writer supports caause claim and allegation by providing data about such claim and allegation attempting to refute and implement the contradictory claim in a written style. The main goal of the ajd writing is a novelty or controversy that includes a claim, and counter allegation. They defined as it is a type of writing in which the writer supports his allegations and put his special data about the subject depending on methods of thinking enhancing, trying to disprove the counter allegations and connecting the subject in such allegation reaching to the conclusion which is convincing others.
The persuasive writing has many skills mentioned in the educational literature i. And to be adjusted with sudden writing situation and to provide persuasive ideas and use suitable expressions like conjunctions and others and to use different writing styles suitable for the controversial writing like the practical style which depends upon clarifying the truth, evidences and proves and logical arguments Al-Hashemi and Al-Azzawi And to depend on some actual examples and tangible evidences to prove an idea or disprove other and to depend on the logical Syllogism in projection of his ideas and to argue objectively away from fiction and to use logical struture which how to stop japanese beetles from eating my basil with the reasons and result Maron: The student during dealing with controversial texts face many difficulties discussed in his study the method of argument, the structude of problems may the students counter in argument and mentioned that a big percentage of student cannot run logical arguments successfully.
The reason of such fact that there are defined characteristics of arguments need more extensive elaboration. The researchers in this study seek to casue to overcome such difficulties in Arabic Teaching reality in teaching the text structure. The interest in teaching a text structure appeared by the Swiss scientist Ferdinand de Saussure in his book lectures in General Linguistics which he published in Paris which resulted emerging the tongue structure in the middle of second decayed in twentieth century which dealt with the literary text from withinIt exceeded the reference exterior which was prepared by a linguistic style in its stillness sstructure stability.
The term structure is also created by Saussure, who emphasized that language is a form that consists of a set of structures in which linguistic units are formed, and that language is also a system of relationships. There is a clear relationship between the structure of the text and dialectical or persuasive writing. The process of forming the text occurs only by using the language according to an organized structure.
And that the dialectical text also needs persuasion, so the writer assists in linguistic terms that have an effect on directing the argument or argument in a specific direction. There are theories that provide different approaches to such influential phrases and words. They call this phrase between the word and qnd dialectic that influences persuasion in words, and of any by words.
Researchers believe that the relationship of the structure of the text to persuasive or dialectical writing, which is the relationship of the foundation to the branch, it is not possible to write a dialectical text without the availability of an organizational structure or method that frame the controversy that in turn voluntarily influences the language to reach eventually to persuasion.
And that the, and that the argument is formed only within a linguistic system, and that the word cannot be understood unless it exists in a linguistic context, and gow occurs only within an integrated linguistic text that has its own structure. Teaching text structure is very important, it helps students understand the text and follows the logical structure in it, to build coherent visualizations and store them in memory and enable to recall and remember the ideas of the text according to a specific hierarchical structure and the ability to determine the rhetorical structure of the text, Create an appropriate organizational chart for each structure, identify the general idea, key ideas and supporting details and put them in organizational charts and clarify the dependency of the details on the main ideas and general ideas.
The results of some previous studies in the field of dialectical writing have proven to improve the cognitive and emotional experiences experienced by students during dialectical writing, stimulate their motivation and improve the yo of dialectical writing and their level of mastery after training and increase their confidence in themselves. The results of some studies have also demonstrated the positive effectiveness of some types of textual structure in students' ability to compose dialectical texts.
Researchers find the necessity of teaching the structure of the text, in the light of clear and specific instructions, and in the light of clear and organized procedures and applied skills. Students under the supervision of their teachers conduct analytical operations of reading texts in order to reveal methods of organizing them and know the relationships between their when will casualty be on, and distinguishing between its central idea and its supportive main ideas and detailed ideas, and follows the hierarchical organization of the main ideas according to their sequential logical arrangement and knowledge of phrases and words indicating the structure of the text, which helps them to rebuild and compose different styles of new texts.
It is a descriptive procedural definition tool, aiming to focus on one of the sections of the structure and dismantling of the text is the body in order to reach cohesion in it and clarify the book's approach to its organization, and to texy its tensions, and to determine the pressures that the writer guarantees with his text to persuade the audience at a specific point of opinion on a particular topic, the sequences that help reveal acoherent structure in persuasive texts, and resemble decisive discourse analysis, and a writer whose persuasive text does not guarantee such tensions, his text will appear disjointed, incoherent and lose credibility.
Conducted a study in Estonia which can i change my name in aadhar card online after marriage to know the effectiveness of types of text structures in the ability of students to compose dialectical texts and also aimed to provide a comparison between two of the most commonly used text structures, which was deduced from cluster analysis with specialized examples of dialectical structures, and examined the main problem of controversy that lies in visualizing types Of the controversial structures that were used in the composition, including multiple, coordinative, subordinativeThe research methodology dealt with dialectical texts and focused on students' dialectical skills in authorship in the state exam based on the structure of the dialectical text.
After the researcher processed the data statistically, it was found that the problem of dialectical structure is that feach controversy needs to be explained and clarified in more detail and that, despite the fact that the study subjects discussed individual mono arguments, However, most of them neglected the issue of coherence of the text, and a small percentage of them managed to build their logical arguments successfully, while most groups did not write on the structure of the logical argument, as the structure how to teach cause and effect text structure their dialectical texts was how to teach cause and effect text structure and its chaotic paragraphs and some of its important elements are - often - missing.
The primary verbs of speech are not typical. The study members were asked to rearrange them consistently when composing the text, and the study came out with a set of results indicating improvement in grades in the conceptual arrangement, and the fluency of writing during the school stages, and students with regard to effect conceptual matter in the educational superstructure were more successful, followed by the narrative superstructure, Finally, it is followed by the dialectical superstructure, and the results related to pre-writing indicate that the control was better than the width of the overall structure.
The current study problem stems from our urgent and pressing needs to master dialectical writing morethan ever, because argument and persuasion skills are tedt the modern functional skills, which prepare the contemporary teacher of the IT era and it enables him to possess the basics of knowledge, critical thinking, inferential and creative thinking skills to build a special knowledge base amidst this huge amount of types of sciences and classes of knowledge, and to adopt personal opinions that he can defend and convince others about, all of which are necessary requirements for dialectical writing.
Through what researchers touched on the importance of writing with its types and patterns, especially the dialectical writing, in exchange for the weakness of students in this ad skill, which was emphasized bymany specialists in the Arab educational field, those who indicated that students at various levels of study how to teach cause and effect text structure university suffer from a clear weakness in the skill and operations of writing.
Therefore, it is important to conduct many studies with various approaches, to stand struchure the causes of weakness, and try to address the problems of students in writing, to reach objective solutions that address the great difficulties that students face in dealing with media texts, especially persuasive ones compared with narrative texts. Is there an effective teaching of the structure of the text on each of the sections of dialectical writing introduction, body, conclusion and style of writing and all of that on the female students of 8th grade in UAE?
The importance of the current study comes in its attempt to develop a new strategy specifically designed to teach the structure of the text and improve the capacity for analysis and construction processes, by analyzing the structure of reading texts, and defining the organizational approach that writers xause in their presentation of the ideas of such texts, and knowing the sttructure between ideas. Hence the ability to use that knowledge by rebuilding other similar texts, and providing appropriate training opportunities, to enable study personnel to analyze and how to write easy read leaflets. The importance of the current study also how to teach cause and effect text structure from its attempt to develop the knowledge of the study how to teach cause and effect text structure with the general text structure, and provide them with specific processes and guidelines about two sub structures strucyure the general structure.
And their indications and expressions indicating them, which enable the female students from specific public and substructures and to measure the extent of improvement therewith. One type of media textual style is taught, namely the dialectical writing style, two substructures, and related graphical plans, indicators, expressions and key words, namely problem and solution structure, cause and effect structure, and teaching the text structure within reading lessons.
It is the way the teacher and his approach to present his ideas in terms of purpose, construction, hod organization of ideas for hierarchy, highlighting the structude between the general idea and other main ideas and supporting details and distributing them to the sections of the text introduction, body and conclusion using the appropriate links between paragraphs and sentences.
As for the sub, it is his method and approach to organizing the main ideas within the body of the text based on the writer's purpose. Should the writer's goal is to discuss problems and provide solutions to the same, then he organizes the main ideas in two parts Part of the problem and part of the solution, which is known as the structure of the problem and solution. If his goal is to discuss the causes and their consequences, he organizes the main ideas from two parts, a special part for the cause, and a special part for the result, which is known as the cause and outcome structure, and the focus of how to teach cause and effect text structure current study focuses on these two structures only: the problem and the solution, cause and result.
Two classrooms from the eighth grade of secondary school 64 students were tested intentionally, to represent the study members in two groups, the experimental group, where reading texts were studied according to the text structure, and the control group, where reading texts were studied teafh the usual way. The researchers prepared a test that aims to measure the performance of study individuals in dialectical writing by referring to the Arabic language curriculum adopted by the Ministry of Education for the academic yearand to know the goals of teaching writing for the eighth grade of secondary school, and after looking at the theoretical literature and related previous studies, a number of sentences were selected The phrases and paragraphs are among the contents of the curricula determined for students of the eighth secondary school.
The researchers confirmed the consistency of the agreement between the first correction and the second correction of the test applied by two experienced and specialized teachers in the Arabic language curricula on a survey sample consisting of 32 female students from the study community and from outside its members, where they corrected the performance of female students and assessed grades, then a stability coefficient was calculated The compatibility between estimating the two corrected parameters using the Holtsey Equation, and the value of each test was 0.
The researchers developed a set of steps in the light of educational literature, to teach the structure of the text, and they were as follows:. Providing study personnel with mental theory knowledge related to the structure of the text in terms of its concept, its divisions, the importance of its teaching and skills its indicators and the expressions andexpressions denoting it.
The two sub-structures of the text: what is used to classify the 4 market structures problem and solution, cause and effect, as follows: Analyze the texts, and provide mental and performance knowledge in the form of drawings and organizational charts about the structures of these texts. B Providing individual and symbolic training opportunities and tasks business fo to teacg analytical operations, after which the step of analyzing texts comes in stages to reveal the structure of each of them as follows: A Divide the text into short sections that represent the sections of this text the introduction, body and conclusion and work on one section without combining more than one section in one educational situation and draw the attention of students to skills indicators in terms of purpose, structure and style.
The terms and expressions used by the author in this section, and after its completion the other section will be taught in the same way and so on. B Teaching the dffect and expressions indicating the two substructures, by displaying examples of them in lists, and then training them to define them, and defining the general structure and the sub-structures in its light in each text, and drawing their attention to the fact that the expressions and expressions are different from one sub-structure to another, and that they represent contextual clues indicating Structure type.
C Training female students on organizational graphical diagrams, by following the hierarchy of ideas and their interconnection, and defining the general idea, main and general ideas, and how to distribute them to the introduction, body, and conclusion of the text. First, pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 formulas pdf is necessary to determine the significance of the differences between the arithmetic averages for the performance of the post-study individuals on each of the dialectical writing sections srtucture, body, conclusion and style of writing according to the variable of the teaching method regular, text structure and secondly, to determine the significance of the differences between the arithmetic averages evfect the performance of the post-study members on the choice of dialectical writing combined according to the variable of the teaching method regular, text structure and the following is presented.
Arithmetic averages and standard deviations for the performance of members of the pre and post study were calculated on the strhcture of each of the sections of the dialectical writing, according to the variable of the teaching method regular and text structure and that is ot in Table 1. Table 1. Arithmetic Averages, standard deviation for the performance of members of the pre and post study in the sections of the dialectical writing according to the variable of the teaching method regular and text structure :.
It is noted in Table 1 causse there are apparent differences meaning of toxic relationship in english the arithmetic averages of the performance of individuals in the post-study on each of the sections of dialectical writing according to the variable method of teaching regular and text structure and with the aim of isolating removing differences tribal in the performance of the study members, and knowing the statistical significance of those The apparent differences according to strucfure variable of efcect teaching method normal, text structure.
One Way Mancova Method was applied as detailed in table 2. Table 2. For dimensional comparisons, where the adjusted arithmetic averages were calculated, to isolate the effectiveness of the performance of the members of the two study groups control, experimental in the pre-test, on their performance in the post test, table A shows the results:. Table 3. The results shown in Table 3 indicate that there is a statistically significant difference in sections introduction, body, conclusion and style of writing.
Between the performance of female students who studied the usual teaching method, and the performance of female students who studied the structure of the text and in favor of the performance of female students studied the text structure. And to find the effectiveness of the teaching method cahse, text structure in each section introduction, body, conclusion and style of writingcalculated Effect Size using Eta Square, and we found from table 2 its equals: 0. The arithmetic averages and standard deviations of study member's performance were calculated for all sections of dialectical writing all together, in accordance to the change in teaching method regular, text structure relation and function class 11 mcq, table 4 shows that.
Table 4. Arithmetic averages and standard deviations of study member's performance were calculated for all sections of dialectical writing all together, in accordance to the change in teaching method regular, text structure. Table 4 existing of apparent differences between the arithmetic for performance doe study members for testing sections of dialectical study all together in accordance to the change in how to teach cause and effect text structure method regular, text structure in order to isolate deletion the pre- differences in performance doe study members for dialectical study teafh knowing the statistical significance for such apparent differences, One way Ancova method was used as detailed in table 5 :.
Table 5. Results of One way Ancova Test for arithmetic averages for performance of study members onsections of test of dialectical writing altogether Regular, Text Structure. Table 6. The texg shown in Table 3 indicate that there is a statistically significant on how to teach cause and effect text structure of dialectical writing altogether between the performance of female students who studied the usual teaching method, and the performance of female students who studied the structure of the text and in what does cumulative investment return mean of the performance of female students studied the text structure.
And to find the effectiveness of the teaching method on the sections of dialectical writing altogethercalculated Effect Size using Eta Square, and we found from table 5 its equals: 0. The result of table 3 shows that the amended arithmetic averages of the performance of the students in the control group — after isolation the performance effectiveness on pre-test in each section of the four sections of post dialectical writing were clearly low in comparing with the performance of teaach student in the experimental group.
Which was in comparison with the control group in accordance to the change in regular teaching method in each section of the four sections of post dialectical writing introduction, body, conclusion and style of writing : 2. The researchers attribute the reason for the poor performance of the students of the control group to their need for clear and specific instructions on the structure of the text by making effective designs for the structure of fffect reading texts.
This result was consistent with the result of a study of which indicated that many students need clear instructions about the text structure; an effective design should be made for the structure of the informational text, based on the individual needs of students. By comparing the results of students of the experimental group on the dffect dialectical writing test in each of the four dialectical writing sections, it is noted that the female students scored the highest arithmetic average in the body syructure How to teach cause and effect text structure the student puts this goal in mind, which is one of the most important skills of the body of thetext, and then works to develop the central general idea that I highlighted in the introduction, and expand it through the main ideas in food inspector course colleges in kerala body.
As Alnajjar: assured that the introduction is about the general idea in the how to teach cause and effect text structure of the writing, where the body represents the developmental paragraphs diff between knowledgebase and database talk about the body of the subject and developing its general idea through the main ideas developed by the writer through the process of developing the body.