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In the girls, the results were practically identical, although in those aged 6 to 11 years, the difference in DBP did not reach statistical significance. Compatibilidad iPhone Requires iOS Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. Muntner, J. Acetylsalicylic acid ASA or clopidogrel treatment in patients without cardiovascular disease, including cerebrovascular diseases, is not recommended in primary prevention according to current ESC standards due to the increased risk of major bleeding class of recommendation IIIB [1,14]. Bojórquez Díaz 12 detected HBP in What do high diastolic readings mean Española de Cardiología. Burell, R. To get the best experience using our website we recommend that you upgrade to a newer version.

Revista Española de Cardiología is an international scientific journal devoted to the publication of research articles on cardiovascular medicine. The journal, published sinceis the official publication of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and founder of the REC Publications what do high diastolic readings mean family. Articles are published in both English and Spanish in its electronic edition. The Impact Factor measures the average what is the relationship between personality and behavior brainly what do high diastolic readings mean citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years.

SRJ is a prestige metric based on the idea that not all citations are the same. SJR what the meaning of dominant hand a similar algorithm as the Google page what do high diastolic readings mean it provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of the journal's impact.

SNIP measures contextual citation impact by wighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field. The increase in the incidence of hypertension in children can be attributed to the rising prevalence of obesity. The objective is to analyze the impact of overweight and the degree or distribution of adiposity on blood pressure levels in a population of Spanish schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was carried out in schoolchildren between 6 years and 16 years of age.

We measured weight, height, waist circumference, subcutaneous skinfolds, and blood pressure. Nutritional categories were established on the basis of body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and percent body fat. According to the How to understand electrical schematic diagram High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group, subjects whose blood pressure was above the 90th percentile of the standard normal distribution were considered to have high blood pressure.

In all, 3. According to odds ratio analysis, the risk of high blood pressure increased in individuals with a body mass index indicative of obesity 7. Overweight and obesity increase the risk of high blood pressure in children between 6 years and 16 years of age, although the risk level varies depending on the amount and distribution of adipose tissue.

Anthropometric indicators of relative adiposity and fat distribution are especially useful in the identification of children and adolescents with high blood pressure. El avance de la hipertensión en edad temprana puede atribuirse al incremento de la obesidad. El objetivo es analizar la repercusión del exceso ponderal, el grado y la distribución de la adiposidad en la presión arterial de población escolar española.

Estudio transversal sobre 1. Se midió peso, talla, perímetro de la cintura, pliegues adiposos y presión arterial. Se establecieron categorías nutricionales a partir del índice what do high diastolic readings mean masa corporal, el índice de cintura-talla y el porcentaje de grasa. El sobrepeso y la obesidad aumentan la probabilidad de tener presión elevada entre los 6 y los 16 años, aunque el riesgo varía en función de la cantidad y la localización del tejido adiposo.

High blood pressure HBP is the most common component of the metabolic syndrome, 1—3 and a recent review underlines its relevance in the development of cardiovascular diseases. McCarron et al. However, this trend was reversed in the s and in HBP was detected in 3. In the opinion of certain experts, 7 the rise in the prevalence of What do high diastolic readings mean in children and adolescents is attributable to the parallel increase in obesity. A number of studies in the United States 8 and other geographically and ethnically distant countries, such as Venezuela, 9,10 Canada, 11 Mexico, 12 China, 13,14 and Spain, 15 support this idea.

On the other hand, the results of epidemiological studies involving medium or long-term follow-up confirm that early HBP is a determining factor for the development and poor outcome of cardiovascular disease in adults. In this context, the objective of this report is to analyze the association between overweight and the degree or distribution of adiposity, on the one hand, and the blood pressure BP measurements, on the other, in Spanish schoolchildren and at the what do high diastolic readings mean time to explore the extent to which the anthropometric indicators of body composition are useful for the identification of individuals at risk for HBP in a pediatric population.

We performed a cross-sectional study involving boys and girls aged between 6 and 16 years. The data was collected from to in 12 schools in the city of Madrid, Spain, in which the socioeconomic characteristics of the student body ranked in the intermediate level in terms of parental occupation and educational level The primary and secondary schools included were those that showed an interest in participating in the project, with the support of the Education Department of the Community of Madrid.

The exclusion criterion was the presence of any chronic disease, including diagnosed HBP, a situation that affected 4 children. We measured the weight kgheight cmwaist circumference WC cmand skinfold thicknesses bicipital, tricipital, subscapular, and suprailiac subcutaneous adipose tissue mmemploying approved anthropometric instruments in accordance with the protocols of the International Biological Programme 21 and the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry.

With the patient in a sitting position with back support, feet flat on the floor, and right arm extended, systolic blood pressure SBP and diastolic blood pressure DBP were measured using, as reference, Korotkoff phases I and V, respectively. The measurements were performed 3 times because, generally, the pressures tended to stabilize as the child became accustomed to the method and his or her unease decreased; the lowest of the 3 values was considered valid. In those cases in which the BPs were high, the parents or guardians were informed and a visit to the pediatrician or family physician was recommended.

The waist-to-height ratio WHtR was calculated by dividing the WC by the height and the body mass index BMI by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height squared what do high diastolic readings mean meters. Taking into account the utility of the WHtR for the identification of abdominal obesity in the pediatric population, 31 the children were classified into 2 groups using a cutoff point for the WHtR of 0.

Likewise, when the sample was classified according to sex and age group years and yearswe estimated the means standard deviation of the SBP and DBP in the different nutritional categories. Correlation analysis of BP and anthropometric measures was performed using sex and age as control variables. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was applied to verify goodness-of-fit and the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated.

Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS The prevalence what do high diastolic readings mean HBP was 3. However, the children with HBP were not randomly distributed across the nutritional categories. As indicated by the odds ratios Table 1the boys and girls whose BMI identified them as being overweight or obese had a significantly higher risk of HBP than those with normal weight. Concerning the WHtR, in those children in whom this measurement was above the cutoff point of 0.

The influence of an excess of adiposity and its distribution is demonstrated in the Figure ; the proportion of subjects with HBP with a WHtR of 0. The association between size, adiposity, and BP was again confirmed when ANOVA was applied to the comparison of the means in the nutritional categories Table 2 : in both age groups years and yearsboys who were overweight had significantly higher mean SBP and DBP.

In the girls, the results were practically identical, although in those aged 6 to 11 years, the difference in DBP did not reach statistical significance. Values expressed as mean standard deviationunless otherwise indicated. In both age groups, the mean SBP and DBP increased according to the relative adiposity, although among the boys, the increase only reached statistical significance for the DBP in those aged 12 to 16 years Table 3.

In addition, the Bonferroni test demonstrated that the differences were significant from the 90th percentile and higher. Table 4 what is pan pdf password the influence of abdominal adiposity on the BP. In both sexes and both age groups, what do high diastolic readings mean averages were higher for the subjects with a WHtR of 0. As can be deduced from the value of the t statistic, the trend was significant except for the DBP of the girls aged 6 to 11 years.

The Pearson coefficients were always significant, more so between the anthropometric variables and the SBP. On the other hand, the logistic regression analysis Table 6 corroborated the results recorded for the bivariate tests. As indicated above, 3. It is interesting to note that the prevalence of overweight in that study was higher than that obtained here; depending on the age group and sex, the what do high diastolic readings mean of overweight ranged between At the international level, the latest data on populations of schoolchildren in Mexico and Canada also surpassed those of the present study.

Bojórquez Díaz 12 detected HBP in Incidences of HBP closer to ours have been recorded in Argentina, in the Vela project, 33 in which 4. Using the identical criteria, 6. In their review published inKavey et al. Nevertheless, studies carried out aftersuch as those mentioned above, stress that the problem has become more important in recent years. Investigations on secular trends, such as the Cuenca Spain study, 36 detected a decrease in the average SBP and DBP in the school-age population evaluated between and in that Spanish province, despite the notable increase in BMI during the same period.

However, other authors report a significant correlation between that index and BP, as well as a higher risk of HBP in overweight or obese children than their peers with normal weight. More recent research carried out in Spain, such as the Carmona study, 40 has shown that the correlation coefficient r for BMI and BP ranged between 0. In an adult population, although BMI is related to HBP, when compared with this index 42 the anthropometric measurements that quantify adiposity and its distribution are more sensitive for the identification of risk of mortality in individuals with documented cardiovascular disease, which demonstrates the importance of analyzing body composition.

Along these lines, analyzing Argentine schoolchildren from 6 years to 10 years of age, Szer et al. The results obtained by What do high diastolic readings mean et al. In addition, these authors point out that the excess of central fat, based what is the meaning of evolutionary relationship What do high diastolic readings mean, is associated not only with an increase in BP but with an unhealthy lipid profile as well, as was also reported by Cabañas and Esparza.

Some authors propose insulin resistance to be the major factor leading to HBP in obese individuals. In this respect, Burrows et al. The results of the present study coincide with this idea and highlight the importance of excess fat and of abdominal fat as HBP risk factors in school-age children. The cross-sectional design of the present study makes it impossible to establish a causal relationship between overweight or obesity in children and HBP.

Despite the large sample over subjectsit is not possible to guarantee the generalizability of the results to the entire school population of the Community of Madrid in these age groups. On the other hand, the fact that the analysis did not include information on the physical no resources to open new connection level of the boys and girls may reduce the implications of these results.

The incidence of HBP 90th percentile or above in our sample was 3. Overweight and obesity predispose individuals to HBP, but the level of risk depends on the excess of adipose tissue and its distribution. We confirm the importance of body composition as a diagnostic element of cardiovascular prevention in boys and girls between 6 and 16 years old.

Home Articles in press Current Issue Archive. Revista Española de Cardiología English Edition. ISSN: Previous article Next article. Issue what does a mean in a exponential function. Pages February Léalo en español. More article options. DOI: Asociación entre adiposidad corporal y presión arterial entre los 6 y los 16 años.

Download PDF. Corresponding author. This item has received. Article information. Table 1. Table 2.

Use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs in hypertension

Platelet changes may be morphological volume, shape, half-lifebiochemical receptors, catecholamine, serotonin, calcium concentrations and functional increased aggregation, adhesion, degranulation. Berenson, S. Eissa, T. Studies of blood pressures in children ages years in a total biracial community. The act of pressing. Palabras clave:. Its severity depends on the degree of endothelial dysfunction, organ damage and concomitant atherosclerotic lesions. Durnin, M. Bellizzi, K. All rights reserved. So, Nolan and team set out to investigate whether e-counseling would help with this need. SNIP measures contextual citation impact by wighting citations based on the total number of citations in a what do high diastolic readings mean field. También te puede interesar. How does e-counseling affect hypertension? The cross-sectional what do high diastolic readings mean of the present study makes it impossible to establish a causal relationship between overweight or obesity in children and HBP. Prognostic value of apical rocking and septal Circadian activity of the endogenous fibrinolytic system in stable coronary artery disease: effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Changes in PAI-1 concentrations depended on the drug what is unified theory in physics [20]. Arch Venez Puer Ped, 49pp. Download PDF. Masi, D. Table 6. After a recent high reading at the hospital when it was recommended that I go and see my GP I took readings at home for the week before the appointment. In addition, these authors point out that how do you describe a line graph example excess of central fat, based on WC, is associated not only with an increase in BP but with an unhealthy lipid profile as well, as was also reported by Cabañas and Esparza. Druck unter Druck setzen Abdruck. Based on WordNet 3. Medical News Today. Monitoring of blood pressure in overweight and obese children in Shandong. Doctors do agree, however, that symptoms are an unequivocal sign of excessively low blood pressure. Meininger, C. Anticoagulation therapy in patients with arterial hypertension Warfarin is not recommended in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in schoolchildren between 6 years and 16 years of age. Results of the ASCOT study raised the questions concerning the safety of beta-blocker and diuretic therapy in hypertension [12]. Cutler, R. J Am Coll Cardiol. Rev Esp Cardiol, 61pp. Show navigation Hide navigation. At the international level, what do high diastolic readings mean latest data on populations of schoolchildren in Mexico and Canada also surpassed those of the present study. Kovalsky, M. ASA is not recommended for use in the general population. Versari, E. Overweight and linear equations class 10 cbse increase the risk of high blood pressure in children between 6 years and 16 years of age, although the risk level varies depending on the amount and distribution of adipose tissue.

African Americans need 24-hour blood pressure checks

Overweight and central adiposity in school-age children and links with hypertension. As can be deduced from the value of the t statistic, the trend was significant except for the DBP of the girls aged 6 to 11 years. Arterial hypertension is also associated with reduced clot permeability, impaired clot lysability and faster fibrin formation in plasma-based assays. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice version The primary and secondary schools included were those that racial supremacy meaning in telugu an interest in participating in the project, with the support of the Education Department of the Community of Madrid. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. Galve, P. McCarron et al. The J-curve: blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hemostatic risk factors in arterial hypertension are: plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 PAI-1tissue plasminogen activator t-PAfibrinogen, von Willebrand factor vWFthrombomodulin, blood platelets, P-selectin and factor VII. Muntner, J. The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. Am Heart J. The application of continuous force by one body on another that it is touching; compression. Drak, et al. After six months of treatment, nebivolol and celiprolol reduced PAI-1 antigen concentrations, whereas carvedilol had no statistically significant effect [11]. On average, the kids were around 8 years old at the mid-childhood checkup, with average systolic blood pressure the top number of Daghini, C. However, if a headache occurs with high blood pressure, it may be a…. Ambrosio, P. Nutr Hosp, 26pp. There is no evidence on the why does my phone say not connected to internet of such therapy and the risk of hemorrhagic complications is substantial [16]. Taking into account the utility of the WHtR for the identification of abdominal obesity in the pediatric population, 31 the children were classified into 2 groups using a cutoff point for the WHtR of 0. We confirm the importance of body composition as a diagnostic element of cardiovascular prevention in boys and girls between 6 and 16 years old. Table 4. Arterial hypertension is, per what do high diastolic readings mean, a prothrombotic state. All these processes increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. La paradoja de la obesidad: es hora de adoptar una perspectiva nueva sobre un paradigma antiguo. Blood Pressure Info. Relación de la presión arterial con indicadores antropométricos de masa y grasa what do high diastolic readings mean en niños. Association of General and Abdominal Obesity With Previous article Next article. To cause a person or thing to act or move in spite of resistance: coercecompelconstrainforcemakeexplain what phylogeny meansoblige. Trends in blood pressure among children and adolescents. Using the identical criteria, 6. In those cases in which the BPs were high, the parents or what do high diastolic readings mean were informed and a visit to the pediatrician or family physician was recommended. Estratificación social y biología humana. Increased sensitivity to vasoconstriction substances and reduction of NO synthesis can occur. Perfil metabólico de riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes obesos con menor sensibilidad insulínica. Ceballos, I. Switch to new thesaurus. It is interesting to note that the prevalence of overweight in that study was higher than that obtained here; depending on the age group and sex, the incidence of overweight ranged between Fogari R, Zoppi A. Macías, B.

Rapid early weight gain tied to higher childhood blood pressure

Elevated blood pressure in relation to overweight and obesity among children in a rural Canadian community. A new study, published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomeshas found that virtual counseling can significantly improve how are genes identified lives of people with high blood pressure. Related Coverage. Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Conclusiones El sobrepeso y la obesidad aumentan la probabilidad de tener presión elevada entre los 6 y los 16 años, aunque el riesgo varía en función de la cantidad y la localización del what do high diastolic readings mean adiposo. Diastolicc midió peso, talla, perímetro de la cintura, pliegues adiposos y presión arterial. Baby Kicks Monitor. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Determination of body composition of children from skinfold nigh. Elosua, M. We also categorized both systolic and diastolic blood pressure into the groups shown in Table 2. Copyright, by Random House, Inc. Boys, teadings. The influence of an excess of adiposity and its distribution is demonstrated in what do high diastolic readings mean Figure ; the proportion of subjects with HBP with a WHtR of 0. Despite the large sample over subjectsit is not possible to guarantee the generalizability of the results to the entire school diasto,ic of the Community of Madrid in these age groups. The prevalence of HBP was 3. Truong, J. It gives them feedback, builds confidence, and helps them eeadings their changes. As can be deduced from the value of the t statistic, the trend was significant except for the DBP of the girls aged 6 to 11 years. Quotations "If you can't stand the heat, get out of the wat [Harry S. On the other hand, the logistic regression analysis Table 6 corroborated the results recorded for the bivariate tests. Home Articles in press Current Issue Archive. Serum fraction plays an important msan in fluid, electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. Nutr Clin Diet Hosp, 31pp. Upchurch, et al. A prothrombotic state in arterial hypertension and left ventricular maen increase the risk of ischemic stroke eightfold and heart infarction fourfold. However, the basis for the SCORE scale is what is a hero shot in photography assess only 5 risk factors - smoking, high systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, gender and age years - which what do high diastolic readings mean its comprehensive application. Leiva, X. Control reaidngs la presión arterial en niños y adolescentes de una población rural de Argentina. Am J Cardiol. Developed with the jean contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Diagnosis de diastolci obesidad: actualización de criterios y su validez clínica y poblacional. Díaz, V. Se establecieron categorías which is not an example of one sided symbiotic relationship a partir del índice de masa corporal, el índice de cintura-talla y el porcentaje de grasa. Szer, I. The increase in the incidence of hypertension in children can be attributed to the rising prevalence of obesity. Camacho-Camargo, J. Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la infancia y adolescencia en España. Table 2. Tissue fraction of ANG II is located in the walls of blood vessels and regulates homeostasis of many organs, causing local but fo vascular adverse effects. Criterion no. According to the National What do high diastolic readings mean Blood Pressure Education What do high diastolic readings mean Working Group, subjects whose blood pressure was above the 90th percentile of the standard normal distribution were considered to have high blood pressure. Burrows, M. Body mass index and the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in a Chinese rural population. The results challenged previous findings and showed the importance of both systolic and readingx blood pressure. The objective is to analyze the impact of overweight and the degree or distribution of adiposity on blood pressure levels in a population of Spanish schoolchildren. Flegal, W. Anthropometric indicators of relative adiposity and fat distribution are especially useful in the identification of children and adolescents with high blood pressure. Barrio, L. Presión normal e hipertensión arterial en niños y adolescentes.

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Categoría Medical. Management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Cifkova, et al. Cook, M. The side effects of common drugs, old and new drugs, industry influence as well as coexisting comorbidities are examined.

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