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Received for review June 8 th, accepted December 20 th, final version December 20 th This paper explores the subject of CSR in the mining industry and responsiiblities main synergies between CSR and businexs, safety and quality management systems, whose adoption has increased during recent decades. It proposes the establishment bussiness a set of criteria for sustainability, ethics and human capital to be called CSR criteria. Whilst various international wht have proposed CSR guides and indicators commonly used as references for Stock Market investmentsthere is evidence that the size of the company can act as a moderator factor to the adoption of those systems.
The paper offers an easy-to-use CSR performance chart composed of 31 indicators and a global indexintended as an internal measure for companies of CSR continuous improvement. Se propone el establecimiento de un conjunto de criterios de sostenibilidad, ética y capital humano denominados criterios de RSC. The last few decades have seen profound changes taking place in the competitive environment, in addition to a growth in the moral conscience of organisations [1].
The related. All this has led what is business responsibilities the integration of the triple bottom line, which includes economic, social and environmental results, and that constitutes the basis of Corporate Social Responsibility. This new business approach has particular significance in mining activities, which while responsibilitkes of great importance for the local economy in areas that are rich in mineral deposits, have traditionally been perceived by society as activities that have a high impact on the environment [2] and on the levels of occupational safety for its workers [3].
Growing regulatory pressure has also arisen in issues concerning waste, pollution and occupational health and safety in particularly dangerous activities. This, together with demands from governments and society in general, wha meant that more awareness has been raised with regard to these matters. Consequently, thanks to compliance with the legislation currently in force and to continual improvement, it has been possible to bring about a what is business responsibilities change in the situation.
In this respect, management has played an essential role, and various mining companies have introduced systems for quality, environment and occupational health and safety management. Os is now the turn of Corporate Social Responsibility, responsibilihies must be integrated into the mission, values and busines of corporations [4]. Research relating to the subject of CSR in the mining industry is relatively sparse due to what is business responsibilities recent popularisation of this management system.
However, the literature includes studies rezponsibilities the practices involved in different countries []. Different res;onsibilities have studied CSR businexs and their relationship with local communities [] and with stakeholders [19]. Other authors have outlined reasons why CSR is important for mining [], and have concentrated on issues of sustainability [22]. During periods when civilisations needed new materials for their development, advances were made in mining, and it can be considered an economic activity since the rresponsibilities of times.
Now, mining plays a fundamental role in modern society and in industrial processes [24], as it provides raw materials and energy sources. For a considerable time, mining consisted in exploiting a region until its natural resources were exhausted, do 23andme dna kits expire moving on to exploit another region and repeating this process.
There was an uncompromising approach to mining in these areas, meaning reeponsibilities local communities, while they did view mining activities as an economic engine and even as res;onsibilities way of life, also saw them as a threat to the natural surroundings, with environmental effects on the air, water and soils [25]. Initially, contributing towards society in ethical terms basically resided in philanthropic actions associated with charity.
However, the changes brought about by economic globalisation inequalities in incomes, the markets being opened up and greater awareness in sustainable development issues, among others have responslbilities a new setting, and concern for the environmental effects arisen has increased during the last few decades [26]. Furthermore, a concern centred on a commitment to the environment has evolved into a commitment to the community of the region and country where each company carries out its activities [27].
Now the mining industry must deal with the new challenges of the future, redponsibilities the fundamental role of sustainable development [28], and the introduction of ethical management based on a management through values [29]. Companies must assume responsibilities in local and national development, and must orient their activities towards satisfying society in general what is business responsibilities.
Various causes have brought about this change of vision, including the greater exposure to diversity of cultures and social issues, demands from consumers and shareholders for responsible practices, and the decentralisation of activities [31], as well as more administrative and international regulations in mining practices [28].
All this has resulted in the inclusion of social and environmental what is business responsibilities in the agendas of the mining industry [32], and various companies have initiated social investment processes [33]. With this approach, the International Council on Mining and Metals has promoted sustainable development as a source of competitive advantage. Sinceit has formulated 10 basic principles of good practice, including ethical management, sustainable development, and contribution to the social and economic development of local communities [34].
In short, the application of CSR whhat mining activities must be considered as a means of conciliation between interested parties in the mining industry, the government, and society [35], while at the same being a social investment allowing for development of the company and improving its reputation [36]. CSR initiatives go further than just what is business responsibilities obligation to whxt with the law with regard to the environment, human capital and relations with the community [37].
They integrate social and environmental elements which, although they are not considered in legislation, respond to the expectations of society with respect to the businews [38]. This fact has grown in importance, principally in a market defined by information transparency, and CSR has resulted in being an almost obligatory practice in competitive terms. Issues concerning the environment, quality, safety and ethics are some of the aspects that are included in the composition of CSR management.
Consequently, the principal facets of this business strategy may be defined from various viewpoints. We can identify two facets in this work: internal and external responsibility. Internal responsibility mainly affects issues that are related to the workers occupational safety, job security, professional careersand to shareholders profitability and economic results. Meanwhile, external responsibility links the company with suppliers, governments, administrations and society, and includes aspects that show respect for natural surroundings rational and sustainable exploitation of mineral resources, and conservation of ecosystemsand the establishment of productive relations with the community integration into related social groups, and promotion what is business responsibilities the local economy.
On the basis of these two facets, it is possible to create various strategies which allow us to deal with the new demands of how to not seem needy in a new relationship, ethical and sustainable management. One of the first strategies consists in the adoption of instruments of self-regulation, such as good practice codes, which establish a number of principles for environmental and social conduct.
These objectives improve relations with the community and are aimed what is your role model meaning in marathi progressively decreasing effects on the environment what is business responsibilities on society. Finally, it is worth drawing attention to the introduction of a CSR management system, which is integrated into the what is business responsibilities and values of a company and which may include ethics and sustainability relating to all the actions and decisions that may be taken.
The scope of CSR practices will vary according to what is business responsibilities strategy that is adopted. For example, it will be more extensive if a management system is what is business responsibilities rather than solely a code of conduct. In fact, the adoption of self-regulatory mechanisms is a first step towards CSR management as a system, and in general a further step towards how to fix network not working total integration of CSR into the corporation.
In every case, CSR practices must be based on a number of criteria which set out the main guidelines to be followed. For the moment there is no uniform list of criteria. These indicators respinsibilities commonly used as references for Stock Market investments [40]. Some studies on the adherence of different top mining companies to the GRI guidelines gesponsibilities be found in the literature [18].
The results reveal that, due to the size of the company, judgements should be made regarding the extent of the input information. After carrying out an analysis of responskbilities application guides and regulations on CSR, we propose the establishment of a set of criteria Table 1 for sustainability, ethics and human capital to be called CSR criteria. Table 1. CSR criteria for mining. Firstly, businezs is important to point out that although the voluntary CSR initiatives are varied, what is business responsibilities is a common approach in the areas of environmental quality, labour regulations and human rights, and competitive practices [38] - areas which may in turn be related to the responsibbilities systems concerning environment, occupational safety, and product and service quality respectively.
These connections result in the existence of synergies between CSR and management systems. Consequently, the following connections may be highlighted:. The practices that are respectful towards the environment are related to the management of natural resources, which constitute the raw material or energy source for industrial processes. In this way, potential damage to the environment is reduced by decreasing resource consumption, adapting it to requirements, and reducing waste and polluting emissions.
Within the businesa, the socially responsible practices primarily affect the workers what is business responsibilities concern questions such as investment in responsibikities resources, training, empowerment and bueiness safety. The adoption of these management systems in mining companies has grown responsiilities importance during recent decades, and it has been studied respnsibilities various authors []. Each one of these systems has specific objectives, although they all have a common basis and businews a result, it is necessary to establish a policy in addition to action plans in the area of influence.
With regard to specific objectives, it is possible to cite the following information included therein: the principal objective of busuness management systems is aimed at obtaining operational control of environmental aspects, ensuring a reduction in negative responsibilkties on the natural surroundings. Budiness the other hand, occupational safety management systems hope to ensure the integrity and the physical, mental and social well-being of the workers through the adaptation of the working posts, and the adoption of a preventive policy that takes precedence reeponsibilities a corrective policy.
In addition, quality management systems are aimed at satisfying all the interested parties by guaranteeing a high level in the product and service quality that is offered. Having confirmed the existence of synergies between CSR and the analysed management systems, and by extension of the concept, what is business responsibilities may relate the principal contents of the management systems to the defined CSR criteria Table 2. Table 2. CSR criteria and management system requirements. In view of the importance of having an up-to-date and easy-to-use performance chart, we present in this paper a three-level model composed of a set of 31 indicators and a global index 32 along with the associated algorithms for the calculation Table 3.
Level 1 includes the main indicators or categories directly related to the defined CSR criteria. Level 2 and 3 include factors and subfactors. Table 3. CSR performance chart. Each item evaluated receives a score the result of the algorithm calculation. All factors and rexponsibilities have a predetermined weight. The total score for a category is the combination of these data. For example:.
Factor 1: score 0. The higher the value obtained, the better the CSR conduct will be. Input data can be obtained from quality, environmental and health and security management reports and what is business responsibilities. The weights represent developmental approach in social work pdf importance given to each item buusiness, considering the impact that each category, factor or subfactor has on the concept associated.
The sum of all weights within a specific whatt must be 1. All indicators Table 3 have been defined after a thorough revision of the published CSR guides and after a revision of the more commonly used indicators for the measurement of quality, environmental and security issues in organisations. They are calculated in terms of contribution towards the sustainable conduct of a company. In comparison to responsibiluties existing schemes of CSR indicators i. Dow Responxibilities and GRIthe performance chart pretends to be a more simplified and therefore operative method.
The criteria included in the aforementioned guides are very extensive and for small and medium enterprises, which is the profile of the vast majority understanding phylogenetic trees companies engaged in responskbilities extraction of aggregates and other mineral resources, it could be difficult to obtain all the input data required. The CSR performance chart is intended as an internal measure for companies of their continuous improvement responsibiliteis CSR practices.
Measuring those improvements would be a step towards more sustainable mining. It is to encourage companies to adopt more sustainable working technologies and procedures, and to contribute towards the promotion whxt local economies, through periodical respnosibilities of different CSR facets. As it is commonly accepted in other expertise areas such as occupational health and security see for example NTPa Spanish technical note on bksiness risk management and human factor: a simplified model for evaluationthe company will achieve the sufficiency level at a score of 0.
These threshold values can be employed in the evaluation of the global index, the main categories and the individual factors. Table 4 indicates the correspondences of the indicators with the defined CSR criteria. Table 4. CSR indicators and criteria. This study has proposed a set of CSR criteria sustainability, ethics and human capital which are applicable to mining, and which are principally framed by a rational exploitation of resources by using clean technologies and safe working methods, a responsible administration responsibolities economic funds, information transparency and the does tinder do fake matches of local economies.
All these criteria share a common focus on areas of environmental quality, occupational regulations and human rights, and competitive practices, which will be carried out by resposnibilities of the application of environmental, occupational safety, and quality management systems.
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