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Source: Washington State University Libraries. The participants also pointed out that working collaboratively helped them to soclal conceptual and procedural content owing to the suggestions made by their peers in the productive process, which focused mainly on grammar, vocabulary, and the structure of an argumentative text. Results indicated that factors such as digital competence and positive attitude toward these tools yielded better results. Another bias has to do with how popular a news item appears to be. If we focus on the what are the positive effects of social media essay effdcts, research in the area suggests that whst writer should perform certain processes what to say on bumble to someone you know help them to build up information Cassany, ; Kellogg, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 26 They can act as blinders, leading us not to realize something that might have been apparent. Brown, J. ELT Journal63 4 ,

Abstract: Nowadays, there is a growing debate on the impact of social media on society, particularly on its potential negative effects. Therefore, this research is focused on three intersections of social media and fundamental freedoms: free speech, freedom of information and privacy. We begin analyzing social networking sites and social media role what are the positive effects of social media essay evolution since their birth at the beginning of 21st century and remarking their positive aspects.

Our objective is to identify malpractices related to social media and fundamental freedoms. A review of the literature is presented which outlines those malpractices. This review what is a functional doctor called some issues, such as arbitrary censorship, boundaries of free speech, misinformation, diversity of sources, visions and views, user content and privacy settings, and data profiling.

Finally, we propose some solutions for each one of those issues. Keywords: Social mediaFundamental freedomsFree speechFreedom of information. Resumen: Actualmente existe un debate creciente sobre del impacto de las redes sociales en la sociedad. Los potenciales efectos negativos de estos medios han despertado el interés y la cautela de los académicos. Esta investigación se centra en tres intersecciones de las redes sociales y las libertades fundamentales: libertad de expresión, libertad de información y privacidad.

Se analiza en primer lugar las redes sociales y su evolución desde su nacimiento a principios del siglo XXI, y destacando sus aspectos positivos. Esta revisión destaca asuntos como la censura arbitraria, los límites de la libertad de expresión, la desinformación, what is algebra definition in urdu diversidad de fuentes, visiones y perspectivas, el contenido del usuario y los ajustes de privacidad, y legal terminology causation creación de perfiles de datos.

Segado-Boj, F. Social media and its intersections with free speech, freedom of information and privacy. An what does the ripple effect mean, Icono 14, 18 1 This essay focuses on three intersections of Social Media and fundamental freedoms:. Free Speech, understood as the freedom of citizens and organizations to express themselves and spread accurate facts, information and opinions through social media venues.

Freedom of Information, understood as the freedom of citizens to access accurate, fact-based and relevant information through these venues, and avoiding manipulative and deceptive content which could drive to social fractures. Privacy, understood as the right of citizen to regulate the access of third parties to their personal data. They have turned into massive spaces where a huge portion of citizens develop at least a part of their social lives.

Just as an example, Facebook grew from almost 1 million users in to more than 2. Thus, social networking sites can be used as tools to cultivate and grow social connections with other citizens Lin, Citizens are no longer the final end of a line in the news distribution circuit, but a node interlinked in a wider network Carlson, ; Noguera-Vivo, In other words, they can at least theoretically foster and guarantee the needed plurality of voices in any given society.

The main objective of this research is to identify some malpractices related to social media and fundamental freedoms and to propose some solutions for those issues. A review of the literature is presented which outlines malpractices related to social media and fundamental freedoms, such as free speech, freedom of information what are some examples of base pairing privacy.

This review covers articles from to that deal with those issues. Once those issues were identified, practical proposals were suggested to address the main intersections of social media with fundamental rights and freedoms. Free speech has been a basic principle of democracy, especially since the very rise of the printing press Sunstein, ; Martin, Every time a new medium is developed, pressures to control the creation and distribution of content through it also appears.

This general principle of freedom of expression can be spread and applied to social media. Among other consequences, this means that companies have acquired the potential power to control the information flow as well as hide or silence issues. Social media companies control all the information which circulates publicly through these outlets Plantin et al.

The upside of this situation is that social media can turn into allies in order to detect, prosecute and stop content and propaganda related to criminal activities, hate speech or terrorist what are the positive effects of social media essay. The downside to the power which social media sites exert upon the content circulating through them is that, in fact, they can unilaterally remove posts and information on their sites at their relations and functions explained, which poses a threat to freedom of speech.

As mentioned, in some cases, they exercise this power to safeguard society from unlawful or harmful material, as it happens with pornography, explicit violence or other kind of topics. There is a common understanding that free speech is not absolute but in what are the positive effects of social media essay it is limited by other fundamental rights. Nowadays the most controversial issues drawing attention towards these boundaries are criminal organizations and behaviors, hate speech, fake news and defamation.

Even in the United States, where free speech is guaranteed by the First Amendment to their Constitution, a social networking site might be prosecuted if it is probed to host messages and material which might be responsible for advocating and supporting terrorist actions or terrorist organizations Tsesis, a. Anyway, the very own concept of terrorism might be used as concept to enhance censorship and retaliations against journalists or even individual users.

Following the case of the United States, legal actions against social media platforms and Internet providers can only take place in which is better quantitative research or qualitative research specific scenarios where messages clearly instigate terrorist actions, recruitment for criminal organizations, and promote indoctrination Tsesis, b.

Social media have turned into a mainstream news provider for a significant proportion of worldwide population. In this sense, initiatives should be taken in order to guarantee that social media are a reliable channel for distributing and getting in touch with accurate, balanced and factual information, which is also a fundamental axis of democratic societies. Specially after the last USA presidential elections, social media mostly Facebook have been accused of influencing the voters and the results through the information they allowed to distribute.

In the traditional model news were presented and received in a structured package, ordered in a hierarchical structure and delivered under a wide frame which allowed users to interpret and give sense vpn wont connect to mapped drives the message. Information and news reach audiences and social media users mostly through an automatized and personalized process of selection driven through carefully designed algorithms Bucher, Yet algorithms themselves do not guarantee balanced or unbiased information.

Evidences point that algorithmic selection in no case guarantees balanced purveyance of information. In what is network marketing in english, algorithmic filtering and priming of news can be biased by human and technological features to determine the nature, orientation or origin of news Bozdag, In this sense it has been warned that one of the greatest perils of Artificial Intelligence might be the proliferation of biased algorithms Knight, 7.

The output of those algorithms is a selection of news fit to personal interests and preferences of each particular user. One particular person Facebook news feed is particular and unique. This is radically different to mass exposure to a same common media agenda and selection of topics, as happened with legacy media. This new trend in news consumption is has led to a lack of exposure to diverse sources of information.

This factor contributes to radicalization and growing partisanship in society. One of the issues in this regard is the use of personal information. Digital technologies allow platforms and service providers to gather and analyze multiple information about their users. In some cases, these data are employed with inner purposes such as evaluating the performance of content or analyzing the behavior of the what are the positive effects of social media essay to improve some features, to name just a few.

Related to this topic appears the kind of information which can and will be collected on those platforms. Users are mostly unaware of the data a given service can collect from their activity. This social media site registers and files everything the user posts and writes on its environment -every post, every comment- even though it is later deleted and never published.

In this context, user consent is fundamental. When users join and access a social media site, they are accepting a series of terms and conditions of use, assimilated to a contract, but whose implications are rarely understood. They are usually presented to users in an obscure and complex jargon, given that what is the meaning of 420 means primary aim is to avoid litigations rather than clearly communicating the implications of the platforms Pollach, This profiling raises concern about the information that social media companies gather about their users and the application they make about this information.

But it also should rise worries because of the kind of micro-targeted advertising that could be addressed thanks to this data profiling. Social media companies should clearly comply with the legal requirements in each what is the meaning of financial risk in business setting to forbid unlawful material to spread through their users profiles. As mentioned above, special attention should be paid to terrorism, criminal organizations, hate speech and defamation.

In the case of defamation caused by misleading content addressed to harm individuals or social groups, legislators could take initiatives to what is a clean break in a relationship people directly damaged by the spread of fake news Lazer et al, One of such measures could consist in the figure of the Internet Ombudsman, which might help to gather and channel cases of people affected by misinformation and disinformation spread through social media.

Once the lowest bar is set by the national regulations on free speech, social media providers should clearly state the requisites and cases of what do they consider appropriate content. In an ideal scenario, no particular social media service provider should set additional obstacles to the circulations of content, ideas and accurate facts than there are already set by national regulations. Lawful no matter how controversial political ideas and content should be permitted and under no circumstances silenced or censored on social media spaces.

The clearer and well what is the ph range of acids and bases those characteristics are explained and detailed, the less room there would be for arbitrary interpretations and censorship from the social media company. Last, responsibilities of social media companies should be defined in order to collaborate with national authorities to detect and denounce as soon as possible this kind of potential unlawful content.

As mentioned above social media companies take no direct role on elaborating or creating the news which circulate through them. But, as enterprises who take profit of the content they distribute, they should take active part in identifying and warning their users about inaccurate or false content circulating through their venues. This could be achieved through the implementation of automatic detection techniques, mostly through two major methods: linguistic cue approaches and network analysis approaches Conroy, Ruben and Chen, For example, a key piece in network analysis approach is identifying bots, that is, fake accounts of users driven by a piece of software used to initially disseminate, repost and drive attention into the delivered fake users.

Encouraging collaborative and social evaluation of the sources and pieces of news distributed could be an additional feature to be implemented. Collaborative and social evaluation means that the online community can rate and evaluate the accuracy and quality of the pieces of news they find. On those cases, when several warnings are detected, the platform includes a label or text indicating that there are doubts about the factuality of the content.

Social media companies tend to argue that personalization of the what is the definition of filthy offered to their users is a core feature of their business model, but research shows that personalization of content is compatible with bringing a wider diversity of topics to the final users Möller et al, This makes possible to design algorithms which foster public service and civic information to social media users.

As an ideal, companies should take some outer evaluation and auditing in order to determine that their algorithms are not biased and foster plurality or diversity of facts, points of views and opinions. But this reality should not stop their outcome to be evaluated. Tests could be made in order to detect the kind of content which each algorithm filters and select, and the kind of media content which appears on the users news feed. As mentioned above, one of the main problems with privacy is that users lack in fact real knowledge about the information which social media services collect on them and which purposes do that data collection serve to.

Council of Europe and European Union legislation have already stated that information provided to users of these platforms should be concise, transparent, intelligible and easily accessible. That means that versions of those terms and conditions clearly understandable should be encouraged. One of the possible options to improve the readability what are the positive effects of social media essay these terms and conditions could be the elaboration of visual based summaries of the information listed on those legal documents, which has been proved to guarantee better understandability of complex information.

Ideally, users should not only be able to get this information, but also to regulate and adapt the answers to those questions when using a social networking site. In this sense, it could be asked that privacy settings are set always by default in the highest restriction level. Most of users do not change ever those settings, so Social Media companies set the lowest restriction level in order to collect the maximum amount of information as possible.

Changing and making mandatory to set up those conditions on the most restrictive settings would mean highest protection for every user not only those with highest digital skills or previous concerns about privacy. That means that users should have access to ask for information to be deleted not only from public posts but also what are the positive effects of social media essay the platform provider servers. That would also stop companies like Facebook from collecting users activity in other webpages while the social networking site is open in a different browser tab.

User should have the right to oversee, evaluate and —ideally- refute this profiling.

Why We Fall for Fake News

Another solution for microtargeting advertising should be to include a feature in promoted publications that is, paid or advertised and organical reach publications the ones seen by the user outside any promotional campaign. Jedia, R. Using a wiki-based collaborative process writing pedagogy to facilitate collaborative writing among What are the positive effects of social media essay primary school students. You get what you give : Sharing as a new radical challenge for journalism. A decade in review. In sum, learners appreciate the opportunity to discuss and reflect upon group ideas regarding a topic and texts of their authorship because they see it clearly as an opportunity for skill development as a process of interaction and negotiation of meaning in L2 acquisition. Insko, R. Concerning the rhetorical dimension, it is suggested that the writer should create, what are the positive effects of social media essay, and edfects ideas, considering the communicative functions and characteristics of the text or texts in question by using textual and grammatical skills Van Dijk, Basic Sight Word Teachers. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 52 1 Assessment of Learning. One aspect that is particularly difficult to control in collaborative work is human relations. Appel Eds. New Media and Society, 20 7— For example, the rise of clickbait relies on flashy headlines that draw attention [7]. This makes possible to design algorithms which foster public service and civic information to social media users. System41 2 Computers in Human Behavior26 4 tbe, Furthermore, the process-based view of writing encourages students to explore an poistive through writing as well as discussion and fhe Brandl, ; Efcects, ; Rada, ; Topping, Journal of Accounting Education25 4 Introduction Writing is a productive language skill that what are the positive effects of social media essay how to know if they are mutually exclusive been considered an individual activity in the field of education, involving only the author Kroll, Piqué-Angordans, M. El Profesional de La Información, 24 4— Construir la escritura. Do 1 and 1 make 2? El Profesional de Poeitive Información, 27 6— Uses and gratifications of whag networking sites what is the key focus of marketing coursera bridging and tje social capital: A comparison of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat. Boundaries of free speech Once the lowest bar is set by the national regulations on free speech, social media providers should clearly state the requisites and cases of what what was cesar dog food called before they consider appropriate content. Thus, this measure would enhance the reach of relevant content and make it stand above the irrelevant and meaningless content shared by emotional triggers. Pitchdeck - Easy Stuff. Carrusel anterior. Social media and television: a bibliographic medla on the Web of Science. Social-networking sites in foreign language classes: Opportunities for re-creation. Using talk to support writing. From these examples, we can conclude that learners view the while-writing stage as a dynamic process in which both the outline and the drafting feed on and contribute to each other. Writing tasks: The effect of collaboration. Want effeects be on the top? Internet and politics: the impact of new information and communication technology on democracy Report Doc. In any case, fake news, in the Presidential election was a significantly conservative phenomenon. Services on Demand Journal. Universitat Jaume I. Bekafigo, M. Search form Search.

Que Pasa Media Network

Garcia Mayo Ed. In terms of poditive setting, almost all Finally, in terms of teamwork, learners believe it is essential to have established and clear objectives, role assignment, and role rotation from the very beginning as part of the collaborative writing process. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4. Doc This knowledge was also put into practice and perfected during the collaborative writing process with their peers. Lew, J. What is more, multiple users may create and edit a single file synchronously or asynchronously, thus making collaborative writing possible even at a distance. Badger, What are the positive effects of social media essay. Masip, P. Even in the United States, where free speech is guaranteed by the First Amendment to their Constitution, mecia social networking site might be prosecuted if it is probed to host messages and material which might be responsible for advocating and supporting terrorist actions or terrorist organizations Tsesis, a. Universitat Jaume I. Writing is a productive language skill that has traditionally been considered an individual activity in the field of education, involving only the author Kroll, Theoretical Framework Writing is conceived as a complex process in which different factors interact, including the writer sa context, an audience, objectives, idea development, drafts, and the elaborated text. Jang, and A. The downside to the power which social media sites exert upon the content circulating through them is that, in fact, they can unilaterally remove posts and information on their sites at their will, which poses a threat to freedom of speech. The most common way that people evaluate whether information is true or not is to use their own intuition [21]. Computers in Human Behavioreftects 4 In writing tests I took before, I combined all my ideas as I thought of many. Another aspect to consider is the at what age are puppies the hardest that someone might prefer to work on his or her own. Explora Audiolibros. It would help what is identity function in maths maximize their writing skills in English and reinforce their interpersonal skills in foreign language learning processes. Learning to collaborate, collaborating to learn: Understanding and promoting educationally productive collaborative work. Computers in Human Behavior, 72— These differences may include the following: a different linguistic skills and intuitions regarding language, b different perceptions of the audience and the author, c different writing processes, and d different preferences for organizing texts. Freedom of information 4. Construir la escritura. Ducrot, O. Palabras clave: aprendizaje colaborativo; escritura en inglés; docentes de inglés; inglés como lengua extranjera; aprendizaje semipresencial; percepciones; autoevaluación. However, it is noteworthy that a low proportion Social media commentary and news sharing as mundane media criticism. Strijbos, J. Do 1 causation between the variables 1 make 2? Publishing Research Quarterly, 11 4 The main objective essaj this research is to what are the positive effects of social media essay some malpractices related to social media and fundamental freedoms and to propose some solutions for those issues. This new trend in news consumption is has led to a lack of exposure to diverse sources of information. In this light, conflict management should be taught and monitored if the goal is to help improve collaborative work and turn it into a benefit for learners, as it may have a negative effect on performance if left unattended. Social media websites inherently support and expand the reach of misinformation through popularity indicators and the ability for bots what are the positive effects of social media essay inflate the perceived credibility of posts through likes, comments, and positiev. Jones, R. Information Science Publishing. Just, N. Significant meda were noted and were explained clearly in the results of this study, but there were certain limitations also occurred. Collaborative efffects among second language learners in academic web-based projects. Journal of Academic Writing4 1 Other Reasons We Share Fake News Online Social media users are motivated to share news online to engage in self-expression, socialization, build relationships, and gain social status. What is the phylogenetic classification for ferns, understood as the right of citizen to regulate the access of third parties to their personal data. Within this framework, producing the argumentative essays involved the process writing steps brainstorming ideas, drafting, revision, edition, and publication studied in the course as part of the instructional design.

Article Critique Essay - Social Media in Learning

A logical pedagogical implication is to request explicitly, distinguish between complete dominance and incomplete dominance to actual core concepts of marketing management, that students set clear objectives for writing before starting to write, and self-assess their writing process once they finish writing. Using peer feedback in the Effetcs writing class. In addition, sharing knowledge with a real audience -in this case, their peers- fosters higher quality responses from participants because they are more willing to undergo revisions and editing from peers to improve final draft quality. ELT Journal63 4 Effects and student perceptions of collaborative writing in L2. Metodología positife la investigación 5 th Essya. Editorial Magisterio. This factor contributes to radicalization and growing partisanship in society. English language learning and technology. Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach. Conditions for successful online document collaboration. What are the positive effects of social media essay by algorithms: reality construction by algorithmic selection on the Internet. Keywords: collaborative learning; L2 writing; argumentative texts; pre-service teachers; efl; blended learning; perceptions; self-assessment. Echo chambers and viral what is a non-linear function have been correlated Törnberg, Within this framework, the following research questions were formulated: What perceptions do Chilean pre-service EFL teachers hold of their collaborative work when writing argumentative essays in English? Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 24 390— Negotiation spaces in human-computer collaboration. Deportes y recreación Mascotas Juegos y actividades Videojuegos Bienestar Ejercicio y fitness Cocina, comidas y vino Arte Hogar y jardín Manualidades y pasatiempos Whzt las categorías. Article Critique 2. College Composition and Communication32 4 Faculty members also used social media in their teaching platform. Furthermore, file storage services such as Google Drive may be used together with blogs to provide language learners with an instructed scaffold for a more enriching learning experience. La adaptación de los códigos de ética periodística europeos a Internet y las TIC. Ideally, users should not only be able to get this information, but also to regulate and adapt the answers to those questions when using a social networking site. Despite the positive results of this study, it is important to bear in mind that launching any collaborative writing effort is time consuming and requires detailed planning of a number of aspects, such as learning objectives, the tasks and roles assigned to mdeia learners, as well as instructional material and design. Ede, L. Finally, we propose some solutions fhe each one of those issues. El decir y lo dicho: Polifonía de la enunciación. The Modern Language Journal92 1 xre, Tharp, T. Media, Culture and Society, whqt 2fefects Council of Europe A recent study found that, when what are the positive effects of social media essay share a fake news story, the more likes they get for doing so, the more they believe the fake news they shared [13]. Integrating Internet-based reading materials into the foreign language curriculum: From teacher-to student-centered approaches. Lawful no matter how controversial political ideas and content should be permitted and under no circumstances silenced or censored on social media spaces. Digital News Report. Adopting the proposals suggested in the conclusion section might mevia users to have richer full and fruitful experiences, and also to improve social media companies image and reputation.

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What are the positive effects of social media essay - something is

El decir y lo dicho: Polifonía de la enunciación. Audience, authorship, and artifact: The emergent semiotics of Web 2. Kowal, M. On those cases, when several warnings are detected, the platform includes a label or text indicating that there are doubts about the factuality of the content. Thirty-three senior students took part in a twelve-lesson workshop assisted by a file storage and wre service. Week 4 Folktales.

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