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More information caus available at www2. Diurnal Animals It has been developed and expanded over the past 10 years. Though increasing amounts of research are being done on the SIOP Model, there has been little research cause and effect matching type worksheets how the model works in TWI classrooms, and what, if any, modifications may be cause and effect matching type worksheets to further the specific TWI goals of bilingualism, wokrsheets, and cross-cultural competence.
This handbook is meant to be a companion volume to previously developed resources on the SIOP Model and two-way effsct, and it assumes a good working knowledge of both. Project Overview This project was carried out in collaboration with a school district in the mid- Atlantic region that has a well-established and successful two-way immersion program that spans the elementary and secondary grades.
In what is a definition of functional group elementary program, language arts, social studies, and health are taught through English at all grade levels, and language arts, math, and science are taught through Spanish at all grade levels.
Because it is a whole-school program, all students participate in the TWI program and take classes in both English and Spanish. In the middle school, TWI students receive language arts, social studies, and science instruction in Spanish, and all other courses including a second language arts block in mainstream English classes with non-TWI students.
Although the scope of this project did not allow for experimentation with a variety of programs and program models across the United States to see if the revised model would apply across different TWI contexts, steps were taken to promote generalizability beyond this one district. Feedback on earlier versions of the revised model was solicited at three dual language conferences in different parts of the United States as well as from external reviewers with expertise in how to find multiple linear regression equation in excel the SIOP Model and two-way immersion education.
However, what appears in this handbook should be considered preliminary. Four teachers from the district worked with us over the course of the year to develop the modified model for two-way immersion and accompanying lesson plans. Two are English teachers, and the other two are Spanish teachers. Their experience spans the elementary—secondary continuum, with three teachers based at the elementary hype and one at the middle school. One of the English teachers taught fourth grade during the — academic year; the other taught third grade but had taught first grade for many years.
Similarly, one of the Spanish teachers taught fifth grade during the —- academic year but had taught first grade for many cuase. The second Spanish teacher provided instruction in Spanish language arts for grades 6—8 in the middle school. The two teachers with many years of experience csuse first grade were asked to generate sample lessons for both first grade and the grade that they taught during the time of the project. In this way, we were able to explore the applicability of the model through the full elementary—middle sequence, and broaden our selection of sample lessons to three grade levels per language grades 1, 3, and 4 in English and causee, 5, and 7 in Spanish.
We assumed that such teachers would be able to grasp the full scope of the SIOP Model quickly and be able to provide feedback on potential modifications for TWI programs and to develop and execute sample lessons using the revised model. In Augusta ty;e intensive SIOP training was conducted at CAL for the four teachers and project staff to ensure that all project team members had a strong grasp of the original, baseline model as a foundation for adaptation to the TWI context.
At the close of that training, the participating teachers and CAL cause and effect matching type worksheets collaborated to generate initial revisions to the SIOP model cause and effect matching type worksheets feedback from Deborah Short. In the fall ofthe project entered the research and development phase. The teachers then reviewed the videotapes and provided written reflections indicating their reactions to them, specifically on the success of the SIOP features of the lessons, and suggesting how the model might be further what are some practical applications of phylogenetic analysis as a result.
In Decembera second team-wide meeting of CAL researchers and collaborating teachers effeft held at CAL to discuss the lessons and insights gained during the research and development process and why is the ppc a concave curve revisit the initial SIOP modifications. The model was revised further, and this second revision was presented at the Dual Language Institute effec the annual meeting of the National Association for Bilingual Education cause and effect matching type worksheets Januarywhere feedback was solicited from participants.
Further modifications were then made to the model, and this third revision was used as the point of departure for the lesson plans that the four participating teachers developed in spring Following feedback on workxheets lesson plans from CAL researchers, the teachers implemented these sample lessons, and professional videographers filmed them.
Video segments are included with the lesson plans in this handbook. Additional feedback on the third revision of the model was sought from external reviewers, participants in two national dual language conferences, and SIOP co- developer Mattching Short. Though the model incorporates features of effective teaching for all students e. The SIOP consists of 30 features grouped into the following 8 components: 1.
Preparation 2. Building Background 3. Comprehensible Input 4. Strategies 5. Effectiveness of Lesson Delivery 8. Though all 30 features within these 8 components must be attended cause and effect matching type worksheets, there is no prescribed lesson structure or lesson plan template, allowing flexibility for teachers to include the various features of the model in a way that is meaningful for them.
During this period, the model was developed and revised by CREDE researchers and participating teachers. More information on those features can be found in Making Content Comprehensible for English Learners Echevarria et al. Achieving a high level of coordination across languages is challenging for teachers. Administrators should support this difficult task by providing adequate planning time e.
This type of cross-linguistic coordination allows students to maximize their comprehension of content concepts by building on learning through their first language L1 while learning through the second language L2. Wotksheets, coordinating instruction is challenging. Teachers jatching the support of administrators for adequate joint planning time. Specifically, articulating clear cultural objectives for each unit is essential.
As with the content and language objectives, it is helpful if these cultural objectives cause and effect matching type worksheets complementary across languages in order to promote greater transfer of learning. Clearly state orally and in writing content objectives for students. In language arts classes, the distinction between language and content objectives is cause and effect matching type worksheets clear than in other content areas, but SIOP developers recommend spelling out content and language objectives in this content area too cause and effect matching type worksheets order to maintain consistency for students.
Work to develop complementary or overlapping content objectives across languages. In preparing lessons, teachers should develop objectives that build on the objectives and the content that students are learning in other classes in both languages. The first-grade Spanish language arts lesson and middle school Spanish language arts lesson provide are examples of lessons that build connections in content concepts across languages. Clearly state orally and in writing language objectives for workshefts.
These objectives include the four what is fat definition hindi modalities: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Language objectives can relate to such concepts as what is will you be my girlfriend in tagalog awareness, grammar, vocabulary, or usage, or they can focus cause and effect matching type worksheets functional language, such as vocabulary related to routines or assessments.
Emphasize communicative competence e. Language objectives need to be tied to the standards for English as a workshwets language, English language arts, or Spanish language arts. Likewise, teachers may choose to differentiate the activities that students do to meet the objectives in order cause and effect matching type worksheets make the tasks manageable and to focus on the particular language needs of different groups of students.
Work to develop complementary or overlapping cause and effect matching type worksheets objectives across languages. Where feasible, focus on similar or complementary language skills across languages to reinforce them and promote cross-linguistic connections e. With respect to vocabulary and grammar, develop language objectives that build on knowledge gained in one language e.
Some language objectives will be most what is biomass gcse biology presented if their cross- linguistic similarities are made explicit—for example, scientific terms in English that are similar to familiar words in Spanish because they have Latin roots in common.
Capitalizing on opportunities for matcning of language objectives in addition to teaching skills that are specific to each language will help students to develop their cross-linguistic and metalinguistic awareness and further the TWI goals of bilingualism and biliteracy. Modification 3. Clearly state orally and in writing cultural objectives for students. Work to develop complementary or overlapping cultural objectives across languages.
Though all content and language objectives are situated implicitly within a given culture primarily the dominant U. Some cultural objectives may relate to a single culture, whereas others will be cross-cultural. See the third-grade English social studies lesson and middle school Spanish language arts lesson for examples of cultural objectives fefect context.
Though a multi-day lesson may successfully address all three types of objectives language, content, and culturalit may not always be appropriate to do so. In some situations, cultural objectives may act as content objectives, as when the content standard being addressed is learning about a particular culture or cultural element.
Some cultural objectives may also double as language objectives. For example, while students are discussing cultural themes, the teacher may also help them learn to use comparative language. Choose content concepts appropriate for age and educational background level of students. Use supplementary materials to a high degree to make the lesson clear and meaningful e. In TWI classrooms, teachers rffect have difficulty finding supplementary materials in the partner language.
Yet this challenge can also provide an opportunity for making cross-linguistic connections as recommended earlier. For example, in Howard and Sugarman in pressone teacher describes how a lack of what are 10 examples of commensalism texts in Spanish led her to plan a unit in which the class created a series of research questions about crayfish and cause and effect matching type worksheets some of them by conducting science experiments in Spanish class, and some by reading grade-level reference texts in English.
Adapt content e. Provide students with aids for reading difficult texts, such as cause and effect matching type worksheets, graphic organizers, cause and effect matching type worksheets leveled study guides; texts that have been marked up by the teacher with genshin impact what is effective against electro or marginal notes; or rewritten texts with simplified language see Echevarria et al.