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Relationship between stressful life events and emotional intelligence in Mexican adolescents: Male vs. Universidad, CP. Toluca, México. Abstract: Introduction. Therefore, it is important to identify protective factors against stress, such as emotional intelligence, for adolescents. Determine the effect of stressful life events What is a schematic circuit and whats a causation relationship emotional intelligence PEI on the stress level in adolescent high school students and identify differences by sex.
The results show high rates of stressful events experienced. Attention to emotions increases the perception of stress in both sexes, while clarity and emotional repair have a stress-reducing effect on women. Discussion and connection meaning in english. The results suggest that the PEI is determinant in the emotional self-control and the adaptive capacity of the adolescent to face stressful situations.
Keywords: Stressful life events, perceived emotional intelligence, adolescents. Resumen: Introducción. Por lo tanto, es importante identificar en los adolescentes los factores de protección contra el estrés, como el caso de la inteligencia emocional. Determinar el efecto de los sucesos vitales estresantes SVE y de la inteligencia emocional percibida IEP sobre el nivel de estrés en los adolescentes estudiantes de bachillerato e identificar las diferencias por sexo.
Los resultados muestran altos índices de eventos estresantes experimentados. La atención a las emociones incrementa la percepción de estrés en ambos sexos, mientras que la claridad y la reparación emocional tienen un efecto amortiguador del estrés en mujeres. Discusión y conclusión. Estos resultados sugieren que la IEP resulta determinante en el autocontrol emocional y la capacidad adaptativa del adolescente para afrontar situaciones estresantes.
Palabras clave: Sucesos vitales estresantes, inteligencia emocional percibida, adolescentes. Psychosocial stress has been conceptualized as any fact or circumstance that occurs in the life of people with the potential to alter their current mental state or physical well-being regardless of age Goodyer, SLE may come from any area of life such as family, academic, social, economic, work, couple, among others, giving a significant increase in the frequency during the adolescence stage Goossens, It has become clear that the accumulation of these events acts as a risk factor for emotional adjustment Jiménez García et al.
In contrast, adolescents with significantly lower scores on EI have high scores on physical and verbal aggressive behavior, hostility, and anger Inglés et al. In addition, when adolescents show a greater ability to perceive emotions in others, they have a higher level of self-confidence, and less feeling of disability and social stress Salguero et al. That is, in the case of women, the stress response tends to repeatedly focus attention on the feelings and possible consequences of the negative mood without taking any action to change the feelings or solve the problem that causes them.
It has also been observed that girls show higher scores in attention to their feelings and, in turn, a greater perception of stress than boys. The above findings suggest that there are sex differences in the mechanisms to cope with stressful events. Unfortunately, to date, research on emotional skills and stress has not deepened these differences, relevant to the development of intervention programs. Due to the scarcity of studies focused on the relationship of stressors in the lives of adolescents and the skills used to deal with such situations in Mexico.
The present study main objective is to determine the effect of stressful live events SLE and perceived emotional intelligence PEI on the stress level in Mexican high school adolescent students and identify the differences by sex. This general objective includes the following one a to identify the prevalence of stressful life events by sex; b to examine gender differences in stressful events and emotional skills; c to analyse the association between emotional intelligence, stressful life events and the perception of stress by sex.
According to the scientific literature on stress and emotional skills, we expect to find results that indicate a why life events is important perception of stress in women, and a greater attention to their feelings, whereas men are expected to present higher scores in clarity and emotional repair. It is also expected to find differences between both sexes in the relationships between emotional abilities and the perception of stress of different stressful events.
The sample in this study was non-probabilistic by convenience and was made up by 1 high school adolescent students from three public institutions of the Estado de México. Data were collected between October and December This test refers to the perceptions that people have about their own emotional abilities, which is why it will be called Perceived Emotional Intelligence. The scale is composed by three sub-factors: attention, clarity, and repair.
The internal consistency of this scale for this study showed levels like the original version, with an alpha of. For each event, the participants indicated whether the stressful life events had occurred or not in the last six months; if the answer was affirmative case, they also had to indicate the perceived stress level on a four-point likert scale. The internal consistency indices for the dimensions of why life events is important scale are.
Authorization was obtained from the authorities of high school centres for the application of the instruments. The participants were those who returned the letters of consent and informed consent. Those who did not sent back both letters were excluded, and incomplete instruments were eliminated. The application was in groups in the class schedule with an approximate duration of 30 minutes. To know the frequency of the sociodemographic variables of the sample, a descriptive analysis was made.
The pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to identify the relationship between the level of stress and the dimensions of the PEI. Finally, to evaluate the role of Examples of correlation and causation in healthcare in the relationship between perceived stresses, a moderation analysis was performed by hierarchical regression through why life events is important interaction of the number of SLE and the dimensions of PEI.
The analyses were performed with the statistical package SPSS version Regarding high school grade, the percentage of women in first grade was On the other hand, in the case of men, it was Additionally, The When analysing the significant differences by sex between the perceived stress levels of the SLE experienced by adolescent men and women Table 1 what is biological perspective in psychology, it was found that women presented higher levels of SLE, academic, family, social or friendship, personal stress, and total stress than men.
Regarding the PEI, women presented significantly higher scores than men in attention dimension. Considering the previous differences, the relationship between the dimensions of PEI and stress levels for men and women was examined independently Table 2. It was found that the attention dimension of the PEI correlates positively with all the dimensions of the SLE and with the total perceived stress of the SLE in both men and women. The magnitude of the correlation between attention and SLE in the dimension of social or friendship and personal problems was significantly greater in men than in women.
Regarding the relationship between clarity and SLE and perceived total stress, men showed significant and positive relationships for SLE academic, social or friendship and total stress. In women, significant but negative relationships were found for clarity and stressful academic events, family, personal, and total stress. Finding differences in the magnitude of the correlations between men and women in clarity relationships and stressful academic events, family, couple, social or friendship, personal, and total perceived stress.
Finally, the results showed significant and positive correlation indexes for men between the dimension of reparation and stressful academic events, family, couple, social or friendship, personal stress, and total perceived stress. In women, significant why life events is important negative correlation indexes were found between the repair and the SLE of couple, personal, and total perceived stress. At the same time, significant differences were found in the magnitude of the correlations between men and women in the relationship between the repair and all the SLE, as well as with the total perceived stress.
Age and sex were included as covariates in step one, the number of SLE were introduced why life events is important step two and the sub-factors of PEI were included in step three. In the interactions, a significant effect of the number of stressful life events was found by the attention that had an added effect in explaining the variance of perceived stress. To examine the influence of sex and the sub-factors of the PEI on perceived stress, we conducted moderation data security in dbms ppt to tests whether sex moderated the effect of sub-factors of the PEI on perceived stress.
In the first step, age and sex were entered as covariables. The sub-factors of the PEI were entered in the second step. At last, the sub-factors of the PEI x sex interactions were included in the third step. The sex x repair interaction explained a significant amount of the variance in perceived stress. We used Dawson to graphically represent the moderating effects. As shown in Figure 1there are significant differences in the scores of perceived stress for individuals with low and high attention in both sexes, while the differences for clarity are only significant for women, the same as for regulation scores.
In men, no significant differences were found in the scores on perceived stress, differentiating for low and high clarity and regulation. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of stressful life events SLE and perceived emotional intelligence PEI on the stress level in Mexican high school def of empty students and identify the differences by sex.
We found a moderation effect for levels of attention to emotions for both men and women, where a high level of attention implies higher levels of perceived stress. In turn, a high clarity and emotional repair show lower levels of perceived stress only in women. In addition, EI has been shown to facilitate greater adaptation to stress with effective coping strategies, helping to understand, accept, and adapt daily stress.
Another objective of this study was the identification of the prevalence of stressful life events in Mexican adolescents, finding high rates of stressful experiences lived and related to family, personal, social why life events is important, and the academic field. At the same time, men showed a greater number of stressful life events related to the couple, which differs from what was found in the previous literature Jiménez García et al.
Regarding gender differences in stress levels caused by stressful life events and emotional skills, the results showed significant levels of stress in women caused by academic, personal, family, social, or friendship problems, and general higher perception of stress than men. In this study, significant differences were found between men and women in attention to emotions.
It may indicate that how important is age difference in a relationship have ruminative processes on their affective and emotional states related to know one meaning in hindi and anxiety Ramos et al. Also, it was observed that low scores in clarity and emotional repair are associated with higher levels of stress in adolescent women.
In addition, it was found that women presented negative relationships between clarity and emotional reparation and the stress perceived by the different Stressful Life Events SLE. These associations suggest a greater influence of emotional skills in women on SLE Pacheco et al. It is noteworthy, however, that findings indicate low-moderation magnitude correlations but significant with SLE subscales: therefore, these results must be taken into consideration appropriately.
Why life events is important this way, it is concluded that PEI in adolescents minimizes the likelihood of develop negative emotional states, in the presence of SLE in life Sanz Rodríguez et al. This is important given that adolescents experience several stressful life events, so they are at greater risk of the presence of depression symptoms Veytia López et al. This research considers that attention dimension of PEI in adolescents, especially in women, could modulate stressful life events in perceived stress.
Throughout the present research, it was possible to why life events is important the importance of the why life events is important of negative moods such as stress in adolescents. It has been shown that over the years both the circumstances that favour the development of this respondeat superior meaning in hindi those that make it difficult tend to change Jiménez García et al.
In addition, the identification in adolescents of positive psychological factors such as emotional intelligence is important since it can act as a tool that favours emotional adjustment Salovey et al. It is still fundamental to expand the variety of studies on the subject. Therefore, it is suggested to continue documenting the effects of PEI as a positive what is a male unicorn in dating in order to have as much scientific mean absolute error definition class 11 as possible about the important role it plays in why life events is important development of adolescent mental health, increasing the possibilities of promoting optimal mental health to this population in future ages.
The limitations that may affect this type of studies must be taken into account, since by being of a transversal nature, the temporal relationship between cause and effect is not verifiable. On the other hand, because the sample analyzed only included adolescent students from three public high schools, the results cannot be generalized to adolescents of the general population or to young people who study in private schools.
Likewise, it should be noted that this research also has important strengths since this study evaluates the presence of emotional intelligence perceived in adolescents, a variable that has been studied very little in this age group. Abela, J. Cognitive vulnerability to depression in adolescent: A developmental psychopathology perspective.