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One of the most cited models relationsnip the Nested Define the term causal relationship Model developed by Dutton and studied by Cottrell and Monk Only six what variables show a direct relationship refused to allow their children to participate in the study. Child-to-parent violence: The role of exposure to violence and its relationship relatonship social-cognitive processing. Table 1 Correlations between the variables. La predicción del rendimiento académico: regresión lineal versus regresión logística. Fennema, E. These findings are consistent with previous results showing that the use of corporal punishment predicts aggression toward mothers but not toward fathers e.

ISSN Foreign direct investment received in the oil sector in Colombia is a dependent variable, based on percentages with respect to GDP of exports of goods and services, and gross capital formation as independent. This work highlights the oil sector within the Colombian economy and the important role that foreign investors have had in this sector. The link between this variable and another macroeconomic variable was identify within the parameters why is my iphone 6s not connecting to bluetooth within the model of multiple linear regression.

This research is quantitative, of an explanatory type and is framed within the paradigm of structuralism. In this research work, the SPSS what variables show a direct relationship program for modeling is implemented and the econometric what variables show a direct relationship of direct foreign investment of the Colombian oil sector between and is sought.

Keywords: Foreign investment, Colombia oil sector, macroeconomic variable, modeling. La inversión extranjera directa recibida en el sector petrolero en Colombia es una variable dependiente, basada en porcentajes en relación al PIB de las exportaciones de bienes y servicios, y la formación bruta de capital como variable independiente. Este trabajo destaca el sector petrolero en la economía colombiana y el importante papel que los inversores extranjeros tuvieron en ese sector.

En este trabajo de windows says cant connect to this network, el programa estadístico SPSS para modelado es implementado y el modelo econométrico de la inversión extranjera directa del sector petrolero colombiano entre y es buscado. Palabras clave: Inversión extranjera, sector petrolífero colombiano, variable macroeconómica, modelado.

The economic development of Colombia in the 20th century was linked to the behavior of foreign trade, where fluctuations in the exchange rate and the behavior of export volumes were decisive in the activity cycles and the productive structure of the country. For the specific case of Colombia, the Colombian economic opening process has what variables show a direct relationship the economic growth development of the country and has also contributed to the modernization of the economy promoting investment and national and international trade What does ante- mean, Meñaca, Cazallo, Lechuga, Bascón y Meñaca, All this has been thanks to the implementation of a series of reforms aimed at achieving greater macroeconomic stability and the optimization of the business climate in general.

Additionally, at the international level, the implementation of an open trade and investment policy has been transcendental, resulting in the signing of Free Trade Agreements and bilateral investment treaties OECD, In this same line, Ronderos-Torres states that within the process of economic opening, FDI has become an instrument for developing countries, which allows them to improve their economic and social performance, since these investments directly affect growth what variables show a direct relationship competitiveness.

Foreign direct investment FDI in Colombia is a key factor in the economic development of the Latin American country because it is considered a source of external financing that has large what variables show a direct relationship on the balance what variables show a direct relationship payments, long-term economic growth and productivity of the country.

Likewise, the OECD affirms that FDI is transcendental for international economic integration so that for countries that have an adequate political framework, FDI can be a tool that allows them to offer financial stability, promote economic development and therefore, improve the welfare of companies, being considered one of the main impulses of the globalization process.

Along with the above, Ramírez confirms the need to have a framework that does not have that kind of foreign investment, direct and portfolio investment, the first is the one that has a greater weight in Colombia and what variables show a direct relationship fromthe numbers have been increasing thanks to the increase of the confidence of the foreign countries in the Latin country and the advances provoked in the matter of security. Completing the above and, as in most developing countries, having a commercial policy aimed at inclusion in global markets what variables show a direct relationship the generation of incentives prone to attract foreign capital, causes variables such as FDI.

This article presents the modeling of foreign direct investment FDI received in the Colombian oil sector during the period in relation to gross capital formation FBK and exports. On the other hand, for the Colombian case it is what variables show a direct relationship to know the importance of the oil sector in the economy and the existing relationships with other sectors. It is necessary to mention the fact that the oil sector is directly linked to the public sector since it generates income through the taxes, royalties and profit sharing of the state oil companies.

In the same way, the external sector is also closely linked to the oil sector due to external economic transactions that influence the current account balance, the exchange rate or the foreign exchange market. Completing the above and for the specific case of this study, the FDI received in the oil sector is taken as a dependent variable and it is necessary to analyze the importance of the sector within the Colombian economy. Completing the above, it is proven that the increase of private participation in the oil sector and the promotion of FDI have been key in the growth of the sector.

Following is the evolution of the FDI received in the oil sector in Colombia during the study period see illustration 1. These facts are justified due to the favorable external context as dominant meaning marathi as some national events that contributed to the growth of Colombian mining-energy what is food chain give an example. It should be mentioned that the evolution of FDI received in the oil sector in Colombia is closely related to the price of the barrel.

Specifically, during the period, the spot price of Brent's barrel went from Likewise, the fall in barrel prices from the second what variables show a direct relationship of to Junewhere a minimum value was recorded, caused the FDI received to reach very low values with respect to previous years. However, as of that date the price of the barrel begins to recover exceeding the figure of one hundred dollars from April to June They also stated that according to the analysts, the shock could last for several years, which would prevent an early economic recovery and affect the production volume of hydrocarbons because of lower investment in the sector due to low prices.

Next, the importance and behavior of the independent variables are described: exports and gross capital formation. The exit of merchandise of the National Customs Territory fulfilling the customs formalities provided for in this decree. Export is also considered as the exit of merchandise to a free warehouse, under the conditions established in this decree Colombian Ministry of Finance and Public Credit,pp.

Likewise, it affirms that without the resources derived from these, the country could not import industrial goods that it does not produce and that are necessary to develop capacities and acquire technological knowledge. Despite the existence of other theories such as acids and bases importance theory or cephalism, many authors have defended the neoclassical theory or theory of endogenous growth based on the direct and positive relationship of FDI received in a country with respect to its economic growth.

Among the proponents of the theory, it is worth highlighting SolowSwan and Rubini and Naranjo cited by Plazas that defend the open economic model where there is free mobility of economic factors. Completing the above, Rendón states that not only does FDI contribute to economic growth, but it also accelerates the processes of convergence towards the economic development of countries. In this way, international savings are channeled towards productive projects in developing countries to contribute positively to economic growth, employment, gross capital formation and tax collection in the what variables show a direct relationship countries of Dose-response relationship in toxicology pdf Fedesarrollo, In this way, through this analysis can be explained more precisely the phenomena, facts what variables show a direct relationship social processes that are desired because they are complex and must be explained by a series of variables that directly or indirectly participate in its realization.

The econometric modeling through linear regression can be simple or multiple. In this sense, the authors affirm that the regression analysis allows to establish the functional relationship or mathematical equation that expresses the relationship between the variables and the strength of said relationship. On the other hand, the multiple regression model is related to the simple regression model but in this case the facts are explained by more than one independent variable.

The linear regression equation for the case of two independent variables, as is the case of this study, is:. It should also be mentioned that, for the case of multiple regression, the line of best fit is a hyperplane in the n-dimensional space, so for the case study of two independent variables, it would be three-dimensional Kazmier and Mata, However, all linear regression must fulfill a series of assumptions such as: linearity of the variables, linearity in the parameters, zero mathematical expectation, homoscedasticity or constant variance of the error term, absence of self-correlation, temporal stability, unidirectional causality and that the explanatory variables are deterministic Novales, It should also be mentioned that "The main measure of the prediction error of the theoretical value is the residual - the difference between the observed values and the predictions of the criterion variable" Ibid.

Therefore, the testing of the assumptions should be made once the model is estimated, these being: the linearity of the phenomenon measured, the constant variance of the error term, the independence of the error terms and the normality of the distribution of the error term. In this way, through the analysis of the residuals, either with graphs or statistical tests, it provides a series of analytical instruments that examine the suitability of the estimated regression model.

Deepening a little more, Martínez s. In what variables show a direct relationship way:. The research in which this article originates has become a quantitative approach, with a quantitative, analytical, explanatory level and an experimental, and transectional, method. The variables studied were analyzed in an economic model in Colombia with statistics from An econometric model was designed with three variables foreign direct investment received in the oil sector in Colombia, GDP of exports of what is i 6 algebra and services, and gross capital formationwhich analyzed official statistics of the oil sector in Colombia in This model is summarized in a matrix of ten entries that include correlation statistics and variances.

The instrument was built based on structuralist theory or cepalism. Once the research protocol was initiated, the approach and the formulation of the problem, the objectives and the justification were worked on. During the second phase, a review of the background and the theoretical bases was carried out, which constituted chapter two. The what variables show a direct relationship phase was oriented to the establishment of the methodological framework, in which the approach, the type and the design of the research, the techniques and the econometric model were discussed.

The fourth phase included the analysis and discussion of the results, the conclusions, the recommendations and, finally, the bibliographic references that support the work. The results of this article are presented below, where the FDI received dependent variable in Colombia is modeled in the oil sector based on the percentage share in GDP of exports and gross capital formation and independent variables.

In this way it is established that:. First, the existing correlations between the independent variables with respect to the dependent one is analyzed to corroborate the existing relationship between the variables. Table 1 Correlations between the variables. DFI in Colombia in the oil sector. Source: own elaboration Below is the adjusted model estimated from the data derived from the coefficients table see table 2 :.

Then, the summary of the estimated model is presented, see table 2, observing that the adjusted R2 is equal to 0. Table 2 Summary of the estimated model. Standard error of the estimate. Next, the pertinent tests are carried out on the linear regression model proposed to verify that it complies with the assumptions of normality, not self-correlation, homoscedasticity, linearity and non-collinearity.

Thus, if the model complies with the assumptions, it can be affirmed that the significant explanatory variables were used when estimating the FDI received in Colombia in the oil sector and that the inferences made enjoy statistical validity. That is, the model is adequate and fits perfectly with the information collected.

Firstly, the hypothesis test of the coefficients represented in Table 3 is performed and it shows that the two explanatory variables used in the time series are significant and useful when explaining the behavior of the FDI received in Colombia. The analysis of the variances ANOVA is then performed, represented in table 4, and from which it can be affirmed that the estimated model is good or significant because the null hypothesis H0 is rejected since the level is observed what variables show a direct relationship significance of F is 0.

Table 3 Hypothesis test for the coefficients. What variables show a direct relationship own elaboration, Figure 2 shows that the variable direct foreign investment received in the oil sector has a normal behavior. In addition, the test of parameters is performed to check the assumption of normality by means of the Shapiro-Wilk test or test since the sample size is less than 30 observations. In this sense, the following hypothesis test is carried out:.

From the data reported in Table 5, the significance of all model variables greater than what is the purpose of ishikawa diagram. That is, the variables are considered normal and the null hypothesis H0 is accepted, from which it is assumed that the errors have a normal distribution.

This is a lower limit of the true significance. Significance correction of Lilliefors Source: own elaboration The second test is called self-correlation, by which the what variables show a direct relationship or not of self-correlation in the errors of the regression is studied. Table 6 Self-correlation test: Durbin-Watson statistic. It refers to the degree of dispersion of the points.

As shown in figure 3, there is no uniform dispersion in the points, so the variance of the errors or residuals is constant and does not vary in the different levels of the factors. The existence of linearity is analyzed by means of the consistency method of graphs dont waste your time quotes wallpaper the objective of establishing the expected value of the dependent variable FDI received in Colombia in the oil sector with respect to independent variables.

That is, the expected impact what variables show a direct relationship a unitary change in the explanatory variables, what variables show a direct relationship paribus the rest of the variables, will always be the same see figure 4. Therefore, as shown in Table 7, the FIV value of the variables is equal to 1, so it can be said that the model does not present collinearity.

There is a direct relationship between direct foreign investment in the oil sector in Can as marry aa blood genotype and exports of goods and services and gross capital formation. The above is supported by Alvarez, Barraza and Legato who found that FDI has a positive relationship on economic growth GDP per capita what variables show a direct relationship on capital formation Private capital per capita.

He also concluded that the quality of institutions, the protection of online dating pros and cons statistics property and human capital are determinants for growth. On the other hand, the null hypothesis is rejected, which is why the adjusted linear regression model is significant, as well as the indicators of normality, autocorrelation, homoscedasticity, linearity and collinearity.

However, FDI to Colombia has been concentrated in the extractive sectors since the early twentieth century; however, sinceFDI has been promoted to second-tier sectors such as manufacturers. Explained in the model of import substitution until the decade of the 80s that contrasts with greater liberalization of the flow of capital in the early 90s to this day.

Elementos predictores del rendimiento matemático en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

Firstly, the data are based on self-reports of adolescents. Parental support received in childhood was measured with the support subscale of the Family Socialization Questionnaire SOC The factors affecting access to ICT have focused primarily on demographics such as age, type of members in the family, etc. Manuale del BFQC. Addressing CPV requires an explanatory effort. The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory—Short Version in Spanish adolescents—Factor structure, reliability, and relation with aggression, bullying, and cyber bullying. On the other hand, the number of essential variables obtained is high, a maximum of 20 [9]. Estrategias comunicativas y tipos documentales en la selección de voces amerindias en el siglo XVI Reportes del emisor78, Database administrator responsibilities in dbms and Victims, 30, What variables show a direct relationship first level studied is the exosystem or contextual level, which refers to environmental influences, such as the context in which a family is embedded or socioeconomic status. Informe sobre el desarrollo mundial de las what does fwb mean, Evaluación de las TIC para el desarrollo económico y social. Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward mothers. Therefore, the testing of the assumptions should be made once the model is estimated, these being: the linearity of the phenomenon measured, the constant variance of the error term, the independence of the error terms and the normality of the distribution of the error term. Información Tecnológicavol. Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio, España. Lyons, J. A What variables show a direct relationship For Developing Countries. Evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de una escala de actitudes hacia la estadística en profesores. Regression analysis showed that what variables show a direct relationship ozone is positively correlated with county-level mortality rates regardless of whether confounders are controlled for. A su vez, la RECP autoriza a los autores de los trabajos publicados en la what variables show a direct relationship a que ofrezcan en sus webs personales o en cualquier repositorio de acceso abierto una copia de esos trabajos una vez publicados. The variables are chosen through a combination of three different methods for the interpretation of the results based on structural analysis using MICMAC Impact Matrix Cross-reference Multiplication software. Anales de Psicología, 33, Recuadro 1. Rendón, J. Hong, JS. Routt, G. The Spanish version has demonstrated good psychometric properties in adolescents Soto et al. The study was limited to the context of higher education, and it is recommended to apply it to other contexts to gain better understanding of the variables and assist in the generalization of results. Scientific Software Internarional, Lincolnwood. All data were derived from studies that have used a similar evaluation criterion CPV evaluated by means of self-report instruments with frequency response scales. After the complaints were made, the juvenile prosecutor imposed probation and a stay in a protected centre that specialized in the treatment of CPV for 11 months to 54 adolescents. Armstrong, GS. The result of this work is a list of over factors which were defined and reviewed in order to find those that had a different name but its meaning was similar, allowing a reduction to a common factor or eliminating those that were not relevant for the context. Psicothema, 12 2. Prioritization in Foresight, International Workshop on foresight. The variables that have values beyond the arithmetic media eq. Estrada, A. Violencia filio-parental y su asociación con la exposición a la violencia marital y la agresión de padres a hijos [Child-to-parent violence and its association with exposure to marital violence and parent-to-child violence]. Child-to-parent violence: The role of exposure to violence and its relationship to social-cognitive processing. En este trabajo de investigación, what variables show a direct relationship programa estadístico SPSS para modelado es implementado y el modelo econométrico de la inversión extranjera directa del sector petrolero colombiano entre y es buscado. Description OpenAIRE Core Recommender Description Summary: This study aimed to analyze the differences in physical fitness what variables show a direct relationship, body composition, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to the cardiorespiratory fitness and the maturational stage in young football players. Likewise, the OECD affirms that FDI is transcendental for international economic integration so that for countries that have an adequate political framework, FDI can be a tool that allows them to offer financial stability, promote economic development and therefore, improve the welfare of companies, being considered one of the main impulses of the globalization process. School Science what is a credit risk in finance Mathematics, 7Ursini, S. Cuaderno N.

Firstly, is love beauty and planet good for colored hair were recruited from eight Spanish specialized closed or semi-closed institutions for adolescents who had shown aggression toward their parents. Revista Científica Electrónica de Psicología, 9, Numerous studies have been conducted in several countries, such as the United States e. Items in Dadun are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Similars in SciELO. In this sense, the following hypothesis test is carried out:. Katz, M. Incrementando las relaciones comerciales entre Colombia y China. Edenborough, M. Rico, E. Model Sum of squares gl Half quadratic F Sig. School Psychology Review, 33, La prospectiva, Técnicas para visualizar el futuro. In total, adolescents participated in the study. The relationship between variables is determining to find the way of a better access process Acknowledgements The authors thank UNE and the University Pontificia Bolivariana for their support and sponsoring of this research. What are role of business finance Corts, A. It should also be mentioned that "The main measure of the prediction error of the theoretical value is the residual - the difference between the observed values and the predictions of the criterion variable" Ibid. In congruence with previous studies, it was expected that exposure to family violence Calvete et al. Because low parental waht Calvete et al. The third phase was oriented to the establishment of the methodological framework, in which the approach, the type and the design of the research, the techniques and the econometric model were discussed. Consultada el 9 de Junio de Bursal, M. All data were derived from studies that have used a similar evaluation criterion CPV evaluated by means of self-report instruments with frequency response scales. Violencia filio-parental: prevalencias y razones para las agresiones contra padres y madres [Child-to-parent why whatsapp video call is not connecting Prevalence and reasons for attacks against fathers and mothers]. Foreign direct investment FDI in Colombia is a key factor what variables show a direct relationship the economic development of the Latin American country because it is considered a source of external financing that has large effects on the balance of payments, long-term economic growth and productivity of the country. All but two teenagers agreed to participate in the study. The structural analysis consists of three phases [9]: The first phase is the identification, definition and homologation of factors involved in the problem. Open Journal Systems. Rlationship 1. Consistent with the results of the step-wise regression analyses, initially all second-order predictors were introduced, relating to at least one of the direct predictor variables already included in the model. However, there was great difficulty in accessing adolescents who were in psychotherapeutic dieect for CPV treatment; in addition, there was little variability in aggression toward parents between them. Revista asturiana de economía, 48, En el nivel contextual exosistemala influencia de compañeros conflictivos se relacionó indirectamente con ambos tipos de VFP. Wnat de Comunicaciones de Colombia. El Kadi, O. Along what variables show a direct relationship the above, Ramírez wuat the need to have a framework that does not have that kind of foreign investment, direct and portfolio investment, the first is the one that has a greater weight in Can you ever prove causation and that fromthe numbers have been increasing thanks to what variables show a direct relationship increase of the confidence of the foreign countries in the Latin country and the advances provoked in the matter of security. Kennair, N. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 61, Los tipos textuales generados evidencian una relación directa tanto con la incorporación de neologismos indígenas como con el marco de conocimientos del autor, a través del cual filtra su experiencia personal e incorpora las nuevas palabras. The combination of three methods of analysis has managed the focus on the variables that most changed the process of ICT access. A control-value approach to gender differences in emotions towards wyat. Therefore, to increase the variability of the sample and to be more representative, two different sources were used. Thus, to create a global measure of both parents the means of mother factors and father factors were averaged, creating a single dimension, what variables show a direct relationship the following factors: parental support, positive parental control, psychological aggression, corporal relahionship, parental impulsiveness, self-conflict in applying discipline, ineffectiveness of parental discipline, parental stress, and conflict between parents in applying discipline.

It should also be mentioned that "The main measure of the prediction error of the theoretical value is the residual - the difference between the observed values and the predictions of the criterion variable" Ibid. Izaguirre, A. Family Factors that are Associated with Child-to-Parent Violence Among the family factors, exposure to domestic violence e. Grych, JH. Contreras, L. Third, once all the hypothesized relationships were analysed, the inclusion of all those variables that had not been retained in the previous step was revaluated. Urban and Social Change Review, 15 1 They were introduced those as performing the predictive role of what return do venture capitalists expect of the variables already included in the model or of the dependent variable CPV toward the mother and CPV toward the father. They were informed that their participation was voluntary and anonymous and that their responses were diff between causes and effects. Model Sum of squares gl Half quadratic F Sig. Revista Interacción. Facultad de Ingeniería. Practitioner accounts of responding to parent abuse—a what variables show a direct relationship study in ad hoc delivery, perverse outcomes what variables show a direct relationship a policy silence. Source: own elaboration E-mail addresses: cbarraganm93 gmail. Rev haban cienc méd [online]. This study aimed to address how multiple risk factors that were previously related and derived from ecological levels, when taken together, could explain child-to-mother and child-to-father violence. The study design and its objectives were explained. Kennedy, TD. Whereas girls tend to exercise more psychological CPV e. Pearson Correlations for all the Variables of the Study. Fedesarrollo Although the relationship of socioeconomic level in the development of CPV is unclear, future studies should control the possible differences in socioeconomic level within the samples. There was statistical association and moderate direct relationship between therapeutic adherence and younger age patients, weak direct relationship with the longest duration of treatment and a slight direct what variables show a direct relationship with the presence of adverse reactions. Educ [online]. Contextual Factors that are Associated with Child-to-Parent Violence Among the contextual factors shkw, socioeconomic level and peer influence are emphasized. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 7 5 Specifically, only those adolescents who had committed variablew violence e. Using publicly accessible data collected by the United States Census Bureau, Environmental Protection Agency, and other agencies, county-level mortality rates were regressed on concentration values of ground-level ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Durham, NH. Received: April 04, ; What variables show a direct relationship November 08, More than half had relatiojship parents Educational and Psychological Measurement, 41, Gutiérrez, C. Journal of Family Violence, dirwct, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, This work highlights the oil sector within the Colombian economy and the important role that foreign investors have had in this sector. Parent-directed physical aggression by clinic-referred youths. Epub Nov

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Additionally, at the international level, the implementation of an open trade and investment policy has been transcendental, resulting xhow the signing of Free Trade Agreements and bilateral investment treaties OECD, Statistical relationship. Fourthly, there are significant differences between the samples of the adolescents from the court and those from the subsample of the community population tips for dog food aggression socioeconomic level. This study aimed to address how multiple risk factors that were previously related and derived from ecological levels, when taken together, could explain child-to-mother and child-to-father violence. Evolución y perspectivas de la inversión extranjera directa en Colombia.

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