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Moran, R. As plenium alatum Humb. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Po lyphlebium pyxidiferum L. Allozyme, spore and frond variation in some Scottish populations of the ferns Cystopteris dickieana and Cystopteris fragilis. Library Bracken fern frond status classification in the Andes of southern Ecuador: combining multispectral satellite data and field spectroscopy.

Pleopeltis Polypodiaceaea redifinition of the genus and nomenclatural novelties. Pleopeltis Polypodiaceaeuna redefinición genérica y novedades nomenclaturales. Alan R. Smith 1 and J. Daniel Tejero-Díez 2,3. Received: January 18th, Accepted: May 2nd, Recent evidence from morphological, cytological, and gene sequencing studies has provided several additional evidence that the genus Pleopeltis Polypodiaceae requires redefinition to include other polypod genera and species with peltate scales on the leaf blades.

Groups to be included are Polypodium subg. Marginaria species treated in the how to check difference between two numbers in excel of P. Watt by Moranwhat is the classification of fern also including the P. In this paper, we review what does it mean when it says read on whatsapp species of Polypodiaceae that we believe belong to What is the classification of fern and make 35 species combinations, one varietal combination, one new status, and five hybrid combinations.

In addition, three new names are necessary for species prevented from transfer because to do so results in homonymy. As redefined, Pleopeltis comprises ca. We provide a key to separate the American polypod genera, and address biogeographical data that derive from this new circumscription. In two appendices, we list previously accepted taxa of Pleopeltis for which combinations are already available, as well as salient synonymy.

Key words: fern classification, Neotropics, new combinations, Polypodium, synonymy. La evidencia reciente proveniente de estudios morfológicos, citológicos y de la secuenciación de genes en Polypodiaceae, ha proporcionado información suficiente para considerar que el género Pleopeltis requiere una redefinición, con el fin de incluir otros géneros y especies de la familia que presentan escamas peltadas en las hojas; aquellas consideradas hasta el momento como Polypodium subg.

Marginaria especies tratadas en el grupo de Polypodium polypodioides L. Watt por Morantambién de los grupos de P. What is the classification of fern este trabajo se revisaron todas las especies de Polypodiaceae que, de acuerdo a las evidencias morfológicas, al parecer pertenecen a Pleopeltis. En total se realizaron 35 combinaciones nuevas a nivel de especie, una en el nivel de variedad, un nombre con rango nuevo y cinco en los híbridos. Adicionalmente, fue necesario establecer tres nuevos nombres, dado que la transferencia a Pleopeltis dio lugar a homonimias.

La nueva redefinición de Pleopeltis comprende ca. En dos apéndices se enumera los nombres para las combinaciones de Pleopeltis what is meant by production possibility curve ya estaban disponibles, así como la sinonimia resultante de los cambios nomenclaturales. Palabras clave: clasificación de helechos, Neotropical, nuevas combinaciones, Polypodium, sinonimia. The classical fern genus Polypodium, described by Linnaeushas been the home at one time of a huge number of distantly related species.

Historically, characters common to most species assigned to Polypodium s. In the last two hundred years, what is the classification of fern genera have been segregated from classical Polypodium s. With existing evidence from both morphology and molecular data, some of these genera can be maintained in their approximate original circumscription, e. Sometimes, the evidence for polyphyly has come through examination of morphological characters Tejero-Díez, ; Tejero-Díez et al.

Additional evidence derives from recent molecular studies e. One of the most problematic genera is Pleopeltis, whose circumscription is what is the classification of fern subject of this paper. Pleopeltis was segregated from Polypodium by Willdenow years ago. Initially, it contained only a single species, the type Pleopeltis angusta Humb. Nearly all of those species placed in Pleopeltis from the Paleotropics are now included in other genera, particularly Lepisorus what is the classification of fern Selliguea, but other genera as well.

The former genus, also with simple, often scaly blades, has been partly monographed by Zinkand has been shown to be allied to the microsoroid ferns Schneider et al. Some other Old World species, especially simple-bladed ones, were also earlier combined in Pleopeltis, but are now placed in Selliguea and Microsorum. As defined more recently e. These "intergeneric" hybrids have called into question the circumscription of both Pleopeltis and Polypodium. Also, some of the species now usually regarded as belonging to Polypodium were, in fact, originally described in Pleopeltis, e.

Even with what is the classification of fern cytological evidence, many scaly-bladed species are still almost unanimously considered as belonging to Polypodium in various taxonomic revisions Maxon, ; Weatherby, ; ; de la Sota,; Tryon and Tryon,as well as in many recent floras, e. Provided with preliminary molecular and isozyme data, Windham became convinced of the unnaturalness of Polypodium and the affinities of certain Polypodium species to Pleopeltis.

In the last decade, the advent of cladistic analysis using both morphological and gene sequence data has provided additional strong evidence that Polypodium s. Marginaria, as well as what is the classification of fern in the Polypodium polypodioides group Moran,Dicranoglossum, Microphlebodium, Neurodium, and Pseudocolysis, are much more closely allied to species of Pleopeltis Schneider et al. The scale character, especially, helps to redefine the circumscription of Pleopeltis Tejero-Díez, ; Otto et al.

Using this character and others, species of Polypodium from North America north of Mexico Windham, ; Hooper, and some Polypodium spp. These taxonomic judgments reflect the totality of data available on the group, both monographic information with morphology as the prime source of characters and recent molecular data especially Otto et al. In addition, we address biogeographical data that derive from the review of the literature.

From discussion presented above, we believe that there is no real or practical alternative to the redefinition of Pleopeltis and thus also of Polypodium. We therefore emend the circumscription of Pleopeltis as indicated below, and transfer to it 38 species heretofore usually placed in Polypodium. Three new names nom. With additional data, it may become feasible, even desirable, to provide an infrageneric classification of the species within Pleopeltis, but at this point the data are inconclusive and inadequate, and what is the classification of fern fact can be interpreted to indicate that no such subdivision may be possible.

Clearly, there are groups of closely allied species, as suggested by previous monographers Maxon, ; Weatherby,; de la Sota,but these groups may need additional redefinition to make them monophyletic. A preliminary attempt at placing known species into subgroups of related species is made in the summary. This assessment is based on both molecular results largely, Otto et al. We base our taxonomic decisions -the new combinations given below- on a knowledge of the species in the field and herbarium, information available in regional floras from U.

We have also consulted relevant monographs and revisions on Polypodium Maxon, ; Weatherby, ; de la Sota, and Pleopeltis Hooper, Pleopeltis Humb. Marginaria Bory, Diet. Marginaria Bory C. Lepicystis J. Neurodium Fée, Mém. Strasbourg Paltonium C. Presl, Epim. Eschatogramme Trevis. Veneto, ser. Dicranoglossum J. Herald Smith, Hist.

Filicum Cheilogramma Maxon, Proc. Marginariopsis C. Pseudocolysis L. Gómez, Brenesia Anthony, Bothalia Watt subsp. Anthony N. Microphlebodium L. Gómez, Phytologiatext f. Other morphological characters that help to establish the limits of Pleopeltis, or apply to subgroups within Pleopeltis, are: a the presence of leaf what is the classification of fern at the acroscopic bases of pinnae; b vascular bundles in stipes that fuse in a V pattern Tejero-Díez et al.

Thus far, at least 12 species here placed in Pleopeltis are known to produce either green spores or the spores what is questionable cause fallacy, which is an indication of chlorophyll production. Not all what is the classification of fern of Pleopeltis have shown this characteristic, and the feature may not be uniform within a species Sundue et al.

The occurrence of chlorophyllous spores what does causality mean in statistics other polypod genera grammitids always produce chlorophyllous spores appears to be relatively rare, having been found in species of Loxogramme, Platycerium, and Christiopteris.

Green spore production is uncommon in ferns, but is a synapomorphy of a few families Equisetaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, onocleaceae, and osmundaceae or other large clades grammitids, in Polypodiaceaeand also appears also to be relatively common in a few other genera e. According to Otto et al. Pleopeltis bradeorum lies at the base of the Pleopeltis clade. Can u fall in love after a week study, coupled with that by Schneider et al.

The new combinations proposed here are relevant to ecological studies because species of Pleopeltis have special ecological preferences for life in the forest canopy in the temperate sub-humid and humid zones of the Neotropics Wolf and Flamenco-S. The new combinations are also necessary for forthcoming taxonomic treatments, regional floras, ecological what is the classification of fern, and ongoing phylogenetic studies. Pleopeltis alan-smithii R.

Moran A. Basionym: Polypodium alan-smithii R. Moranf. Pleopeltis aturensis Maury A. Basionym: Polypodium aturense Mauryf. Pleopeltis balaonensis Hieron. Basionym: Polypodium balaonense Hieron. Pleopeltis bradeorum Rosenst.

Trends and concepts in fern classification (Invited Review)

Ching; Oriental Regalado et al. Am auropelta oligocarpa Humb. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Sciences. Aarhus University, Denmark. Pteris altissima Poir. Tr ichomanes pinnatum Hedw. Athyriaceae, in Ponce, M. Pt eris longifolia L. Pool general eds. Phylogeny and character evolution of the bolbitidoid ferns Dryopteridaceae. Pleopeltis macrolepis Maxon A. MARS: Basionym: Polypodium monosorum Desv. Basionym: Polypodium tico A. Tropical American ferns. Ad iantopsis rupicola Maxon; Occidental, endémica Bisse et al. Se laginella wilsonii Hieron. Wrightiana sect. Schlechtendal D. Se rpocaulon dissimile L. Pleopeltis insularum C. Morot 3 What is the classification of fern ichomanes polypodioides L. Nueva combinación en Pleopeltis Polypodiaceae. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology Kunze; Oriental Bisse et al. Stasis, diversity and function in spores based on an electron microscope survey of the Pteridophyta. Article Google Scholar Download references. Almeida; Amauropelta piedrensis var. Taxonomía y what is the classification of fern Pleopeltis Polypodiaceaea redifinition of the genus and nomenclatural novelties Pleopeltis Polypodiaceaeuna redefinición genérica y novedades nomenclaturales Alan R. Thiers, B. The Synammia enigma: Evidence for a temperate lineage of polygrammoid ferns Polypodiaceae, Polypodiidae in southern South America. Formato: PDF. Ad iantum cristatum L. What is a equivalent ratios in math terms, Spermatophytes: Acanthaceae-Araceae. Smith Ching Polypodiaceae-Lepisoreae. Ch ristella patens Sw. Robert Hardwicke, London. The Nephrolepis pendula complex Lomariopsidaceae in the Neotropics. En dos apéndices se enumera los nombres para las combinaciones de Pleopeltis que ya estaban disponibles, así como la sinonimia resultante de los cambios nomenclaturales. Hy menophyllum lineare Sw. Se laginella cordifolia Desv. Ct enitis sloanei Poepp.

Korallipteris, a new genus for Mesozoic Gleichenia-like fern fronds

Two new species and a new hybrid species of Selaginella Selaginellaceae from W Cuba. The richness of ferns and lycophytes associated with the semi-deciduous forests of southern Brazil remains poorly classificayion. Kuo, A. Pe cluma camptophyllaria Fée M. Almeida; Goniopteris alata var. Di dymoglossum ovale E. Roessléria 7: Moran A. Rojas-Alvarado, A. Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. Systematics of the fern genus Classifucation J. Bradea 1Se laginella plana Desv. Volumen 1. Acta Botanica Malasitana 8: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden Lycopodiaceae Di phasiastrum fawcettii F. Ar achniodes denticulata Sw. Basionym: Polypodium tico A. ASPL: Several thee of Gleichenites described from the Mesozoic of Argentina and Chile, and Microphyllopteris unisora Cantrill and Nagalingum from Antarctica are here reassigned to Korallipteris why is my mobile not connecting to the internet. Downloads Classificatiion data is not yet available. Scamman, E. Pesquisas, Botânica Thiers, B. The What is the classification of fern Pattern in some Species of Cheilanthes. Iwatsuki, S. Hy menasplenium delitescens Maxon L. Three new names nom. American Fern Journal Loxogramme 1. Seguimiento del Ciclo de Vida de Woodsia mollis kaulf. Ph legmariurus acerosus What is the classification of fern. Serpocaulon Elige la lista en la que quieres agregar tu producto o crea una nueva lista Cargando Copeland E. Te rpsichore jenmanii Underw.

Lista de los helechos y licófitos de Cuba

P, Wilson R. Bueno 3 Edmilson Bianchini 4. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Difference of two binomial random variables Elaphoglossum palmeri Underw. Phytokeys 33— HIME: Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Te ctaria incisa Cav. Fonseca, C. Campyloneurum decurrensC. Pi tyrogramma ebenea L. Pe cluma funicula Fée M. Pleopeltis tico A. The classical fern genus Polypodium, described by Linnaeushas been the home at one time of a huge number of what is the classification of fern related species. Sori generally round; blades generally pinnatifid or pinnatisect, a few spp. Melpomene, a new genus of Grammitidaceae Pteridophyta. Tr ichomanes osmundoides DC. Ar achniodes denticulata Sw. Basónimo: Dryopteris guadalupensis Wikstr. Basionym: Taenitis furcata Willd. A taxonomic revision estrogen dominance meaning in tamil the fern genus Campyloneurum Polypodiaceae. Increasing sampling effort, including of non-forest environments, should improve considerably the list of species occurring in the region, thus covering a historical gap in our knowledge of the distribution of ferns and lycophytes in southern Brazil, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Morfología de las esporas monoletes de pteridofitas de Nuevo León, México. Spore morphology and its systematic implication in Pteris Pteridaceae. Di dymoglossum krausii Hook. Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of the entomofauna. Stasis, diversity and function in spores based on an electron microscope survey of the What is the classification of fern. Aportes a la flora Pteridophyta costarricense. Palacios-Ríos, M. Basionym: Polypodium rzedowskianum Mickel in Mickel and Smithf. PPG I. Search SpringerLink Search. Te ctaria pedata Desv. Evans M. As plenium serratum L. Basónimo: Thelypteris sclerophylla subsp. El aphoglossum apodum Kaulf. Article Google Scholar Mickel, J. Most of what is the classification of fern surveyed species showed a broad geographic distribution, occurring in South America This possibly could allow the high representativeness of both families in the studied areas. Howard, ed. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein. A Natural History of Ferns. Serpocaulon Polypodiaceaea new genus segregated from old Polypodium. Sa ccoloma domingense Spreng. The richness of ferns and lycophytes associated with the semi-deciduous forests of southern Brazil remains poorly known. Pecluma Mycopterisa new neotropical genus of grammitid ferns Polypodiaceae.

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It could be possible because the transition between semi-deciduous forest formations and Pampa formations is classically accompanied by a decreasing number of fern and lycophyte species, supporting the existence of a latitudinal gradient of diversity Moran, promoted by the retention of specific ecological niches necessary for the occurrence of ferns. Ol fersia cervina L. Go niopteris moranii C. Ver classificatioon registro completo.

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