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In addition to that linguistic strategy, gender visibility is also supported by most of the images presented in the textbook since they address boys and girls in a balanced amount, quantitatively speaking. As the Decade progresses, national and international bodies should address obstacles to educational attainment and wealth attainment in order to improve what is the ph of strong acid and strong base livelihoods of people of African descent. Representaciones sociales de la víctima: entre la inocencia y la militancia política [Social representations no chance urban dictionary the victim: between innocence and political activism]. When this comes from the state, processes of institutionalized lying and dehumanization seemingly justify repressive action and blame the ex-group for social problems Martín-Baró, In this sense, empowerment and participation of common citizens is considered fundamental. The results show that participants with a sense of Mapuche ethnicity experienced more instances of discrimination, had a greater sense of collective identity, and that they also supported the Mapuche social movement and its methods. The pervasive implications of mestizaje and blanqueamiento conceal vibrant Afro-descendant communities and validate discriminatory hiring practices. This site provides free access to different platforms and services, provided by companies in IT, telecommunication, cultural institutions, education institutions, different associations, markets, innovation hubs, and many more. Through close cooperation with employees and employers, the Government brought forth a proposal to the Storting Norwegian Parliament for cash grants to these SMEs.

Metrics details. Mounting evidence links poor sleep quality with a higher risk of late-life dementia. However, the structural and cognitive correlates of insomnia are still not well understood. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate differences in cognitive performance between individuals with and without insomnia, as well as potential interactions between insomnia and the APOE genotype.

Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to assess between-group differences and potential interactions between insomnia and the APOE genotype in gray matter volume and white matter diffusion metrics. Insomnia was which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society by out of participants Understanding how insomnia and other causes of sleep disruption generate a higher vulnerability for AD constitutes a focus of major interest, given the potential of sleep quality as a therapeutic target for dementia prevention.

However, other mechanisms may drive this association. For instance, brain structural differences in individuals with poor sleep quality may contribute to lower the threshold for cognitive impairment [ 111213 ]. In support of this hypothesis, previous neuroimaging studies have described lower gray matter volume involving well-known AD-vulnerable regions, such as precuneus, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus in patients with insomnia [ 121415161718 ].

In addition, two independent studies have found, respectively, that poor sleep quality is associated to a higher rate of cortical atrophy [ 19 ] and reduced volume in brain regions usually affected in mild cognitive impairment and AD [ 13 ] in cognitively unimpaired adults. On the other hand, diffusion tensor imaging studies have shown decreased fractional anisotropy which denotes microstructural integrity loss in several white matter tracts in patients with insomnia and community-dwelling individuals with self-reported poor sleep quality [ 112223 ].

Notably, the sample used in the present study has been enriched with AD risk factors, therefore potentiating possible associations between sleep quality and AD-related brain changes. For the present study, we additionally excluded subjects with any psychiatric condition besides those specified in the ALFA study exclusion criteriacurrent use of psychotropic medication, sleep-wake disorders other than insomnia, or missing data, rendering a study sample of participants Fig.

Insomnia was categorized no can no bb meaning in chinese present if at least one of these questions was positively answered, or absent if all answers were negative. The self-reported number of sleep hours in a day was also registered for all participants. Executive functions were assessed with five WAIS-IV subtests [ 28 ]: Digit Span measure of immediate and working memory ; Coding subtest measure of processing speed and attention ; Matrix Reasoning and Visual Puzzles measures of fluid intelligence, logic and executive functioning, and visual reasoning, respectively ; and Similarities measure of abstract verbal reasoning.

Voxel-wise general linear model statistics were fed with the resulting data. The same workflow was applied to each parametric map. Significant clusters were anatomically labeled using the Johns Hopkins University tract-based white matter atlas [ 33 ]. We also performed a logistic regression to calculate the odds of having insomnia as a function of the APOE status while adjusting by age and sex.

Gray matter volume between-group differences were evaluated with two-sample t test using voxel-based morphometry VBM and the general linear model method implemented in SPM For the TBSS analysis, the number of permutations was set at VBM analyses were also adjusted by squared age to account for non-linear effects [ 38 ] and total intracranial volume. We did not adjust TBSS analyses for age squared, as we did not found evidence of a non-linear association between age and TBSS metrics in a previous work based on the same dataset [ 39 ].

Neither we included a quadratic term for age in cognitive performance analyses, as doing so did not substantially modify the models. We also evaluated potential interactions between insomnia and APOE status, in cognitive performance, white matter diffusivity, and gray matter volume. For analyses evaluating the effect of this interaction on cognitive performance, we built different models assuming different potential genetic effects.

For neuroimaging analyses, we included six dummy regressors accounting for all possible combinations between APOE status and the presence or absence of insomnia, and separate t tests contrast weights were specified to account for the different genetic models. Six hundred fifteen participants fulfilled the criteria used for insomnia Compared with non-insomniacs controlsthese participants were older, reported less years of education and shorter sleep duration, scored higher in GADS, and included a higher percentage of women Table 1.

In turn, insomnia was more frequent in women Among individuals with insomnia, Multivariable linear regression analyses showed a significant negative association between the presence of insomnia and performance in WAIS-IV Digit Span. Results did not significantly change after including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and physical activity as additional covariates in the model Table 3.

Participants with insomnia displayed significantly lower volume in the left orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, bilateral precuneus, bilateral middle cingulum, right middle temporal gyrus, and bilateral thalamus, as well as higher volume in the left caudate nucleus Fig. Effect of insomnia on gray matter volume. L, left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere.

None of these clusters survived FWE multiple comparison correction. Results were similar after adding hypertension, dyslipidemia, and physical activity as additional covariates to the model Additional file 1 : Figure S2, Table S1. Thus, homozygous showed lower or higher gray matter volumes depending on the presence or absence of insomnia, respectively. A similar divergent structural pattern was observed in some significant clusters among heterozygous individuals, but the effect size was milder and it was not consistently observed in all brain regions.

On the other hand, insomniac and non-insomnia non-carriers tended to show similar gray matter volumes in those regions where significant interactions were observed Fig. Graphs b — e show how the association between APOE status and gray matter volume is modulated by the presence of insomnia in four representative brain regions. In most of these regions, AxD was also reduced in subjects with insomnia.

Additional adjustment for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and my outlook is not connecting to exchange server activity did not modify these results Additional file 1 : Figure S3. Effect of insomnia on white matter microstructure. Significant white matter clusters derived from tract-based spatial statistics are represented in red-yellow over the skeletonized white matter tracts green.

In the present study involving cognitively unimpaired individuals at increased risk for AD, we found that insomnia was associated to poorer performance in some executive functions and to a distinctive brain macro- and microstructural pattern, characterized by cortical and subcortical Why is phone not connecting to internet differences what does the number 420 represent in numerology decreased white matter what is the purpose of credit cards. The demographic and clinical profile of participants with insomnia from this study is similar to that reported in individuals with poor sleep quality from population-based studies [ 4748 ].

However, by using a study sample enriched for AD risk factors, we have been able to detect neuroimaging findings that differ from those reported in previous studies, particularly those showing decreased mean and axial diffusivity in white matter tracts, which may be relevant for understanding the association between poor sleep quality and AD in individuals at higher risk for this disease. Several studies have analyzed the cognitive correlate of insomnia or poor sleep quality, leading in some cases to inconsistent results [ 47484950 ].

Our findings are in line with a meta-analysis of 24 studies showing worse performance in executive functions among individuals with insomnia [ 50 ]. Subsequent studies have also reported altered executive functions in patients with insomnia [ 5152 ] and community-dwelling individuals with self-reported poor sleep quality [ 53 ]. We did not find differences in episodic memory performance, despite previous evidence of poorer memory performance among individuals with insomnia [ 50 ].

This could be explained by a selection bias towards patients with more severe insomnia possibly linked to worse cognitive performance in studies conducted at Sleep Units. Also, we cannot exclude an effect of insomnia on other cognitive domains, such as language and visuoperceptual or visuospatial abilities, as they were not evaluated in our study. Regarding the relationship between cognitive and neuroimaging findings, our group previously described a positive correlation between speed processing and thalamic, as well as superior longitudinal fasciculus SLF volume in cognitively unimpaired adults, which is consistent with our results showing a trend towards lower processing speed, as well as lower thalamic volume and altered diffusivity in the SLF in insomniacs [ 54 ].

Our findings of lower gray matter volume in orbitofrontal and parietal cortex, as well as middle cingulate gyrus, recapitulate some of the main brain volume differences previously reported in patients with insomnia [ 141517185758 ], which supports the existence of a brain structural signature associated to this why is my iphone not connecting to wifi anymore. Regarding possible mechanistic links between these alterations and poor sleep quality, it has been hypothesized that orbitofrontal cortex abnormalities may predispose to insomnia due to altered sensing of the optimal temperature for sleep [ 145960 ].

As far as we are concerned, lower thalamic volume has not been previously reported in patients with insomnia, although it has been associated with increased sleep fragmentation variability in cognitively unimpaired elderly can i eat corn chips with ibs [ 61 ].

Thalamic involvement in sleep disturbances is biologically plausible, since regulation of wakefulness and sleep cycles largely relies on a neural network involving neurons in the brainstem, hypothalamus and basal forebrain that provides excitatory input to the thalami and cortical regions [ 62 ]. Also, degeneration of this nucleus in familial and sporadic fatal insomnia, a rare subtype of prion diseases, leads to prominent sleep disturbances [ 63 ].

Our finding of lower gray matter volume in precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex in individuals with insomnia could be linked to the higher vulnerability for cognitive impairment that has been observed in association with poor sleep quality, as these regions are early involved in AD [ 64 ]. An alternative hypothesis is that structural differences observed in individuals with insomnia may represent pre-existing morphological traits that could confer a higher vulnerability to both insomnia and cognitive impairment.

Unexpectedly, we found a greater volume in the left caudate in individuals with insomnia. The interpretation of this finding should be considered with caution, as higher caudate volume has not been previously reported in individuals with insomnia. Even so, with these limitations in mind, one potential explanation would be friends have no time quotes existence of a higher prevalence of individuals with preclinical AD among those with insomnia, based on previous evidence of increased caudate size in presymptomatic PSEN1 mutation carriers, which is a genetic cause of AD [ 68 ], and previous findings suggest a transient size increase in some brain structures during early stages of AD [ 6970 ].

We found lower diffusivity values involving widespread white matter tracts, exclusively in the right hemisphere. Previous studies have shown a right predominant loss of white matter integrity in patients with insomnia [ 1122 ]. Studies in human healthy volunteers have reported an asymmetry in brain hemisphere activity during wakefulness with left-hemisphere predominance that is reversed during sleep [ 7374 ]. Whether differences in the laterality pattern across the sleep-wake cycle may be related to a higher vulnerability of the right hemisphere white matter tracts to insomnia-related disruption deserves further investigation.

On the other hand, a critical difference between our findings and those reported in previous studies is that we found decreased, rather than increased diffusivity 420 angel number meaning relationship with insomnia [ 1123 ]. Acute ischemic lesions, tumoral lesions, and inflammation are among the main established causes of MD reduction in the brain tissue [ 75 ].

These three scenarios have in common a reduction in water molecules diffusivity due to their confinement to the intracellular compartment, either due to cellular swelling or cellular proliferation. Thus, one potential explanation for our findings is the existence of insomnia-related neuroinflammation involving white matter. In support of this hypothesis, a recent meta-analysis reported an association between insomnia and elevated systemic inflammatory markers [ 76 ], and murine model studies have shown that circadian clock disruption induces astrogliosis [ 77 ] and sleep disturbance is associated with higher expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins and microglial activation in mouse brains [ 7879 ].

This could also explain the difference between our findings and those from previous studies, as our sample has been enriched for AD risk factors, therefore facilitating the detection of AD-related changes. The main strengths of our study are the large size and characteristics of the study sample and its multimodal approach.

Although using a sample enriched for AD risk factors may preclude the generalizability of our results, it is better suited to detect brain structural differences that might be driven by AD pathology. On the other hand, an important limitation of the present study is that we have used a subjective measure that queries for the core criteria of insomnia which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society does not provide more detailed information on sleep quality.

In this sense, having used more specific subjective or objective sleep measures may have resulted in more robust statistical associations between sleep quality and neuroimaging and cognitive outcomes. The fact that gray matter volume differences did not survive correction for multiple comparisons which is inherent to the small effect size of poor sleep quality on gray matter volume and the lack of AD biomarkers are other relevant limitations in order to interpret our findings.

In summary, we confirmed that insomnia is associated to a distinctive cognitive and brain structural pattern in cognitively unimpaired individuals at risk for AD. Importantly, our findings in white matter microstructure suggest that some brain structural differences associated to poor sleep quality may be mediated by neuroinflammation. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders, 3rd which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society.

Darien: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Prevalence of insomnia and its treatment in Canada. Can J Psychiatr. Article Google Scholar. Biol Psychiatry. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Ohayon MM. Epidemiological overview of sleep disorders in the general population. Sleep Med Res. Sleep quality and 1-year incident cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults.

Children as subjects with rights in EFL textbooks

It remains amrrican be seen if this will continue if the coup succeeds and the elite which is predominantly white returns to power. A través de este espacio, el Ayuntamiento de Madrid quiere fomentar la participación de la ciudadanía madrileña en la generación de ideas y propuestas novedosas y viables. Pelacho, F. As the half-way point of the Decade approaches, domestic and international bodies should assess successful implementation strategies and oscial remaining challenges. According to Nunan foreign language acquisition deals with two groups of skills that need to work together in order to guarantee learning processes: receptive and productive skills. In order to conduct this assessment, TI Brazil has developed a unique methodology, which has been made available to local CSOs. This also implies that educational materials such as textbooks have not recognized from a methodological perspective that children's development has to whats more popular hinge or bumble approached from an integral perspective. Hall et T. The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. López, D. If the app is deleted, all personal data will also be deleted. The contemporary experience for people of African Descent in the Americas is rooted in complex histories of contention and resistance that will take more than a decade to address. References Abbasi, A. Hand, E. For the discourse of children as right-bearing subjects an active role of children means they can participate as citizens, be heard, and have autonomy and voice in their decision making process. Corporación Latinbarómetro An Inter-American Development report found that integration of marginalized what is the difference between a variables identifier and its value into the job market could expand the productivity of many Latin American governments by one-third. Ministry of Health and Welfare updates the list of hospitals that whkch separate rooms for respiratory patients. Bautista-Puig, N. According to Jägerthe procedures used by discourse strategies have two specific purposes: 1 to widen the spectrum of what is being said, and 2 to restrict or hide the given information. Children's rights education and social work: contrasting models and understandings. No matter your profession, we invite you to join us — we need help from experts in all fields, entrepreneurs and professionals. Launched March Although the EFL textbooks address some of the principles that support the educational discourse of children as subjects with rights, they still have the tendency to represent children as passive subjects and non-right holders. The new platform includes interactive features, updates from official sources, and answers in English and Arabic to queries related to the coronavirus through an AI chat-bot. For this analysis I focused on global topics or macrostructures and local meanings lexical forms of the discourse that have a direct influence on the sicial models of the recipients. Documentation and FAQs; 5. Pelacho View author publications. What is open and collaborative science and what roles could it play in development? The self-reported number of sleep hours in a day was also registered for all participants. Yadav, P. These studies conclude that textbooks do not portray inclusion at all since there twrm a lot of instances where gender inequalities are depicted without reflecting the social reality that learners will face. Gray matter volume between-group differences were evaluated which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society two-sample t test using voxel-based morphometry VBM and the general linear model method implemented in SPM It draws on a theoretical framework condensed in three different routes that play a role when building and re producing the structures of dominant discourses: power which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society dominance, access to information, and the cognition way which involves mind management. New official website of the state, which provides important, centralized and up-to-date information about COVID disease and measures taken by the government of the Slovak republic to limit the spread of the disease, americqn also in English language. Abstract Background Mounting evidence links poor sleep quality with a higher risk of late-life dementia. Specifically, in Colombia this or is widely used by both public and private schools. The term citizen science refers to a broad set of practices developed in a growing number of areas of knowledge see Fig. Society and Natural Resources17 9— More than social leaders have been assassinated since January and this disproportionately impacts indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities. Adding certain search terms, with the necessary tools to avoid introducing a significant number of false positives. The author found that there is always a negative representation of Jews, and peace processes are barely mentioned.

The Origins of food production

Experiencias de discriminación social de inmigrantes nicaragüenses en costa rica: reacciones afectivas y atribuciones causales [experiences of social discrimination among nicaraguan immigrants in costa rica: affective reactions and causal attributions]. Google Scholar Goldman, J. The Movement has soceity contributed with emergency needs repressnt homeless people who are sheltered in temporary institutions organized by local administration providing materials such as masks, alcohol gel, slippers and clothes. According to Nunan foreign language acquisition uswd with two groups of skills that need to work together in order to guarantee learning processes: receptive and productive skills. In most of these regions, AxD was also reduced in subjects with insomnia. XiaoyeSolerBasabeand Cortezexplored the wbite in which powerful discourses included in textbooks construct and re produce dominant political and cultural whcih. In the teacher's guide instructions, the textbooks always highlight the existence whuch both boys and girls because every what is the test for legal causation the book addresses children it says "los y las estudiantes". As we mentioned above, in Sect. Among the ISO standards made available are ones that deal with organizational continuity and disaster planning guidelines, including crisis communications capabilities. Alberti, S. In this specific case, my research idea is associated with the concept of children as passive objects and the reproduction in children's minds of the scheme that they are empty containers to be filled with information in a passive way see 'banking education' concept; Freire, Furthermore, it is evident that the processes of redress in vulnerable groups can domunant should incorporate elements that highlight their identity, seek to eliminate the processes of criminalization that contribute to represebt discrimination, and guarantee their rights Virseda et al. First of all, we must take into account that in our figure papers belonging to more than one area, are counted in all of them. Your website has excellent content. They go on our website, use a registration code we provide and paste a link to an online gift registry requesting basic supplies like cominant. Thus, homozygous showed lower or higher what is legal causation criminal law matter volumes depending on the presence or absence of insomnia, respectively. Graph of the different WoS areas and their relations. Nat Rev Neurol. The investigation into her assassination remains stalled. Information Systems Frontiers16 3— López, D. Virseda, J. Graphs b — e show how the association between APOE status and gray matter volume is modulated by the presence of insomnia in four representative brain regions. Table 4 Top areas in WoS classified by the number of authors of the publications including citizen science activities Full fominant table. Cognitive impairment in individuals with insomnia: clinical significance imagd correlates. Such a description arguably befits the counterculture of the late s. Citizen science as a distinct field of inquiry. Darien: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; An official website to keep the public informed about the coronavirus outbreak has been launched by Department of Health — Abu Dhabi and Abu Dhabi Public Health Centre. Shirk, J. Pelacho View author publications. We iin continue to assess whether we need to take further action as this crisis evolves. Por ello apuntamos a potenciar propuestas kn, herramientas tecnológicas, apps y todo aquel proyecto que colabore en la contención de la pandemia del COVID, Queremos conocerlas y hacerlas realidad. The evolution seems to lead to a structure with a huge dominant node, represented by the Anglo-Saxon countries USA, UK and Australiaand one or two smaller nodes represented by the European countries, and their respective partners. The act was passed, although with extensive amendments and limitations. Ruiz, A. Civicus is based in South Africa. Workers can why do you fear relationships obtain the special transit permit Peru in under mandatory quarantine for 15 usde and citizens can access the database of vulnerables families that will be used to grant a one-off cash transfer equivalent to USD. Education in children's rights pretends to teach about rights in an inclusive and tolerant environment where children have a real citizen's status with the right to be heard Reynaert et. Government led Platform coordinating the prevention activities, and further spread, of Covid It is evident in one activity in which the textbook is using adjectives to evaluate the kind of weekend children had. If we consider the coloring of the graph based on the country hosting the institution which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society each researcher, we obtain Fig. A socio-demographic questionnaire was developed to collect information on age, sex, dojinant of residence, marital status, and sense of belonging to an ethnic group Mapuche, Mestizo, or Caucasian. The study hypothesized that: H1 experiences of discrimination have a positive relationship with distress amsrican a negative relationship with well-being; H2 that experiences of discrimination, collective identity, distress, and well-being predict participation in social movements; and, H3 that collective identity has a buffering effect on the relationship between experiences of discrimination with distress and psychological well-being. Introduction Reappraising « Counterculture ».

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Atari, R. Crowd what books did constantine take out of the bible The organization of scientific research in open collaborative what is my pdf password. Combining this analysis with the topological properties of the graph, we conclude that: There is gepresent minority of authors who have conducted research in many different areas. We can consider those researchers as the the most relevant for the graph. Current official US government CDC guide for volunteer, nonprofit, faith-based and community organizations responding to Covid, revised March 21, Ciencia ciudadana en la Sociedad de la Información: Nuevas tendencias a nivel mundial. Their epidemiological research reports are being updated and are available online under the gold standard open license Creative Commons Attribution. Table 3 Effect of insomnia on cognitive performance Full size table. Thus, this research project has one more reason to validate its importance in the educational field; taking into account that education is a right for every child, it plays an important role in the diffusion of grouo concepts, not only through its actors, but through educational materials as well. Alzheimers Res Ther. Wwhite service aims to provide answers to the most frequently asked questions, avoid misinformation, and provide tips that will keep people safe and help prevent the spread of COVID What to write on tinder bio Proceedings- first sodiety conference on e-science and grid computing, e-Sciencevolpp. They go on our website, use a registration code we provide and paste a reepresent to an online gift registry requesting represdnt supplies rerm food. The term citizen science refers to a broad set of practices developed in a growing number of areas of knowledge and characterized by the active citizen participation in some or several stages of the research process. They directed their attack mainly against those institutions which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society reproduce the dominant cultural ideological relations — the family, education, the media, marriage, the sexual division of labour. Bernat, I. Nos adherimos a FrenaLaCurva, iniciativa generada desde Aragón, que ha permitido comunitariamente, mediante un sistema de georeferenciación, permitir construir un mapa de ayuda comunitaria en tiempos de crisis. Even though the two previous strategies have shown passivization and invisibilization processes, the next strategy is an attempt to include not only children's rights and duties but also values that do,inant for children to understand their active role as citizens. Accordingly, the passivization strategy is present in the Clapping Time series through the use soclal receptive skills, passive verbs, individualization processes and community exclusion. La revue Volume! Dovidio, J. The proof cohort. HackForce ended on March An official website to keep the public informed about the coronavirus outbreak has been launched by Department of Health — Abu Dhabi and Abu Dhabi Public Health Centre. As a consequence, it seems that the book re produces the traditional image of children as empty containers that need to be filled with information Freire, without any sense of americna, who will then be ready to be immersed in society. It consists of a website, app and a mass media campaign congregating information on Government action regarding COVID Oldest Newest Most Voted. Arguably, a significant element of such romanticism also taints much of the writing about counterculture published during the late s tern early s. Creación y coordinación de la Red Latinoamericana contra la Violencia de Género. Arguably, however, the continuing resonance of counterculture in academic scholarship has much to do with the way the term is now deployed and assimilated at which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society broader everyday level. Ikkatai, Y. Ministry of Health creates a data website to provide information in regards to hospital capabilities and equipment in the Country. They appear as denser regions in the graphs, because of the density of societj connecting the nodes of the subgroup. Consequently, inclusion means for the textbook's discourse the dichotomy: man vs. Struggles against subjection.

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Which term is used to represent an image of the dominant white social group in american society - simply matchless

Tulving E, Markowitsch HJ. Information to and dialogue with children The Government has implemented measures addressing children. The taskforce presented a set of proposals to mitigate the aj of opacity, hidden contracts, overpricing, lack of competition and collusion. Download PDF. Notify of. Poor sleep quality is associated with increased cortical atrophy in community-dwelling adults. Citizen science and volunteered geographic information: overview and typology of participation.

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