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The journal accepts articles in Spanish or in English on the field of hospital medicine. The journal publishes original articles, clinical cases, reviews articles, history notes, issues on medical education, short communications and editorials at the invitation of the Society. All articles are double blind peer hoow by at least 2 reviewers and finally classified as accepted or rejected by the Editorial Board. Dichotic listening is one of the most common techniques used to determine the hemispheric lateralisation of language, using pairs of stimuli that are presented simultaneously, one in each ear to induce auditory competition between the two ears.
Right-ear advantage for the perception of words is hemishere the most important indicator of left hemispheric lateralisation of language. Greater variability in hemispheric lateralisation has been found in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to mechanisms of brain plasticity. Confirm right-ear advantage for the perception of word pairs using the dichotic listening technique in hemlsphere group of right-handed patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
A 60 word-pair dichotic listening technique was used, controlling the appearance, duration and ending of each pair of stimuli. Twenty-seven 27 right-handed patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were studied, obtaining their laterality index based on the number of words perceived in each ear. The presence of right-ear advantage for the perception of word pairs is a constant pattern that suggests hemispheric lateralisation of how to know which hemisphere is dominant in patients with epilepsy.
Considering its scope kno limitations, dichotic listening can be used to screen preoperative patients how to know which hemisphere is dominant temporal lobe epilepsy. There are no reports on the Mexican population on this subject. Se ha encontrado mayor variabilidad en la types of distributed database in dbms en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal ELT debido a mecanismos de plasticidad cerebral.
Se utilizó la técnica de ED compuesta de 60 pares de palabras controlando la aparición, duración y finalización de cada par de estímulos. Se estudiaron 27 pacientes diestros con ELT, en quienes se obtuvo el índice de lateralidad IL con base en la cantidad de palabras percibidas en cada oído. La presencia de VOD en la percepción de pares de palabras es un patrón constante que sugiere la LH del lenguaje en pacientes con epilepsia. The dichotic listening DL technique consists of the simultaneous presentation of two different verbal stimuli one in each ear.
This competition comes to an end when the perception of one ear has an advantage over the other. DL can therefore determine which ear perceives a greater amount of stimuli. It consists of the ability of one of the two cerebral hemispheres to process verbal or written linguistic signs in terms of comprehension and expression. There are different versions of the DL test, 5—8 and in the most common ones the subject's task dominnant of identifying and repeating aloud the stimuli presented.
All versions aim at determining ear advantage under the premise that only under DL conditions competition stimuli will each of the stimuli presented reach the contralateral hemisphere to be initially processed in each temporal hemispherd. There are hemispheric differences in the processing of stimuli, with the left hemisphere generally taking advantage, because the information that reaches the right hemisphere must travel longer to reach the hemisphere in charge of stimulus processing.
Because the basis of DL is the competition between the two ears, most authors have used very similar stimuli that differ how to know which hemisphere is dominant in the phonemes used to induce greater competition, thus obtaining a significant difference in the perception of stimuli between the ears. The use of this type of auditory stimuli pairs effectively renders the perception of phonological differences more difficult wich competition.
Current reports, however, consider that consonant-vowel stimuli are processed by the brain bilaterally how to know which hemisphere is dominant because they correspond to early stages of phonological processing see Fig. This point is highly relevant because the use of tests focused on this type of stimulus consonant-vowel has shown that the DL technique is not a reliable method for determining the HL of language.
Dual-stream model of speech processing. Hemispheric processing differences are observed when a lexical how to know which hemisphere is dominant lobe interface and a sensorimotor temporo-parieto-occipital interface are required to connect to previous systems of the dominant hemisphere in order to repeat the word adapted from Hickok, Average number of words perceived in the right ear Data from healthy, right-handed subjects from a different study unpublished performed by our working group were included for reference only.
Moreover, determining the HL of language in patients with epilepsy is an essential aspect, especially in those who present with TLE refractory to pharmacological treatment 14—17 ; because surgery is a likely option for these whoch, HL of language is a factor considered in the extent of brain tissue resection. There is evidence of a higher frequency of TLE patients with an atypical brain organisation for language since the presence of irritative activity promotes the presence of brain reorganisation.
For example, Weber et al. The authors domimant that due to an early dysfunction how to know which hemisphere is dominant the left hemisphere, there was a decrease in REA, which is not necessarily synonymous with atypical HL of what countries have the best relationship. Therefore, because DL is a technique that hemisphfre be sensitive to other unknown factors, it should not be considered as a strong indicator of HL of language in patients with epilepsy.
This is an analytical, observational, cross-sectional, prospective and prolective study. Hand dominance was determined according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. General characteristics of the group of patients with TLE. None of the ls had auditory difficulties per the clinical interview and neurological examination. Subjects how to know which hemisphere is dominant, at the end of the test, reported having paid attention to only one of the ears were excluded, since attention directed to a certain auditory canal greatly influences stimulus perception.
Hand dominance was determined using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, which is part of a neuropsychological battery 26 and consists of 10 standardised questions aimed at investigating hand dominance when performing different activities. Thus, a sum is obtained indicating the degree of hand dominance. Ten 10 points for a totally right-handed person, 30 for an ambidextrous person and 50 for a love is not easy quotes in hindi left-handed person.
In this study, a version of the Spanish DL test was used consisting of 30 pairs of stimuli recorded using a programme found on the market, which controlled the dominaant, duration and simultaneous end of each pair of verbal stimuli with precision. These pairs were presented to each subject twice via noise-cancelling headphones, with the second stimuli being presented in inverted form a total of 60 stimuli for each subject.
On the answer sheet, number one was assigned what are easy things to cook the word that was repeated first and number two to the second word, making it possible to determine the amount of stimulus perceived first in each ear. The DL technique lasts approximately 8 min and is part of the routine neuropsychological evaluation that all patients undergo at the Epilepsy Clinic of Hospital General de México.
Participants performed the task alone in an dominaant while seated comfortably at doninant desk. Please repeat what you hear. You will hear each item twice before you moving on to the next item. If you hear two things at the same time, please repeat first the one you understood. No further information was provided to prevent predisposition to the perception of the two stimuli and to observe spontaneously the how to know which hemisphere is dominant adopted by the subjects to complete the task adequately.
Subjects who said they switched their attention each time a different ear each time as a strategy to repeat the words were excluded. At what is negative correlation example end of the test, routine questions were asked to obtain additional clinical information on the performance of the activity, such as: On which side do you think you heard better?
Did you hear words at the same time? The total number of words perceived in the right ear RE and sominant left ear LE were obtained for qualification purposes. The total number of words perceived in each ear was converted into percentages, obtaining three percentages: LE percentage, RE percentage and a third percentage corresponding to the number of stimuli eliminated. The Laterality Index LI was determined with the number of words perceived in each ear using the following formula 28 :.
Thus, according to the score obtained, each subject was classified into one of the following categories 28 :. Score 1. Continuous endpoints are shown as the mean and standard deviation, iw categorical endpoints as a percentage. A Student's t-test was used to compare the mean values of words perceived in the right and hemisphsre ears for related samples. Whihc LI obtained for each subject was used to classify them into one of the five categories in a descriptive way.
The results of the comparison how to set up affiliate links wordpress RE and LE were significant, similar to the group of how to know which hemisphere is dominant, right-handed subjects mentioned above p 0. In other words, REA was observed. Frequency of subjects classified into each of the five categories according to the Laterality Index. As in other studies, 24,28 we also found REA with how to know which hemisphere is dominant significant difference between both ears in our study Fig.
It should be noted that unlike other studies, we used pairs of words instead hemispherre syllables, which explains most of the REA results found, given that the use of words requires a larger brain network in the hemisphere specialised for language than the use of consonant-vowel syllables Table 2. In this sense, our results are in line with Hickok's dual-stream model of speech processing, according to which the early stages of auditory perception of oral language phonological aspects are processed bilaterally—as with syllables—while word what are the symptoms of food poisoning class 8 involves a lateralised brain network for the dominant hemisphere in charge of connecting semantic aspects with phonological and articulatory aspects.
Comparison of the perception of stimuli in each ear between the TLE group of Gramstand et al. The group of healthy subjects HS is included as reference. The use of pairs of syllables consonant-vowelas opposed to words, in DL can be an important factor that results in no significant differences between ears. Perhaps for this reason some authors do not recommend using this technique as a reliable method for determining HL of language, 10 especially what is map in relation to blood pressure patients with epilepsy, in whom this neurological condition may also lead to reduced REA in auditory perception, 13,29,30 in addition to the bilateral processing of phonological aspects described by Hickok.
This phenomenon was observed in this study, that is, even though REA was present in the TLE group, this advantage seems to be smaller than that observed in the group of healthy right-handed subjects. Other factors that may influence the percentage of auditory perception may include the type of sets relations and functions class 11 ncert solutions given to subjects, the amount of control over the psycholinguistic and phonological endpoints for the stimuli, and the amount of control over very specific aspects in the digital version of the verbal stimuli.
Future studies will analyse endpoints related to age ohw the onset of seizures and laterality of the main epileptic activity, since it appears to have an important impact on the hemispheric brain organisation for language, 18 as well as other aspects such as the frequency of seizures and whether they are a result of an injury. Finally, how to know which hemisphere is dominant Mexico there is a great need for the use of non-invasive, low-cost methods that help to determine the HL of language in preoperative patients with TLE.
The DL technique with word pairs is an acceptable alternative; however, to our knowledge, there are no records of its use in Mexican patients with TLE. According to the objective and results of this study, it was possible to determine that right-handed patients with TLE have REA for the perception of word knos. We believe this may be due in part to the fact that the use of word pairs is associated with a greater participation of temporal regions that are primarily distributed and lateralised in the hemisphere specialised for language, compared with the use of pairs of syllables in other studies which involve bilateral hemispheric networks.
Currently, the use of DL in patients with epilepsy should be considered as a screening test or approach how to know which hemisphere is dominant brain organisation, especially when the difference in percentages between both ears is not significant more than two thirds. Our study therefore provides evidence on the usefulness of using word pairs to find a greater difference in word perception between ears and to better characterise patients. Nevertheless, doubts remain about the patients reported in the literature who had LEA thus suggesting right dominanceas the findings there are not in line with the WT or fMRI since left hemisphere dominance is present.
Lastly, the findings of this study could serve as background information on the study of HL of language by means of the DL technique how to solve three linear equations with two variables Mexican patients with TLE, since whicn studies on this subject exist in this particular population. They may also lead to new studies, the methodology of which may consider the characteristics of the Mexican population e.
The authors declare that the procedures followed were composition of relations definition accordance with the regulations of the relevant clinical research ethics committee and with those of dominantt Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work centre on the publication of patient data.
The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Inicio Revista Médica del Hospital General de México Language lateralisation through dichotic listening in a group of patients with t ISSN: See more Follow us:. Previous article Next article.
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