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A hybrid partitioning method for multimedia databases. Un método de fragmentación híbrida para bases de datos multimedia. Received: May 16 th dqtabase, Received in revised form: January 20 th Accepted: April 20 th Abstract Hybrid partitioning has been recognized as a technique to achieve query optimization in relational and object-oriented databases. Due to the increasing availability of multimedia applications, there is an interest in using partitioning techniques in multimedia databases in order to take advantage of the reduction in the number of pages required to answer a query and to minimize data exchange among sites.
Nevertheless, until now only vertical and horizontal partitioning have been used distributted multimedia databases. This paper presents a hybrid partitioning method for multimedia databases. This method takes into account the size of the attributes and the selectivity of the predicates in order to generate hybrid partitioning schemes that reduce the execution cost of the queries.
A cost model for evaluating hybrid partitioning schemes in distributed multimedia databases was developed. Experiments in a multimedia database benchmark were performed in order to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach. Keywords : hybrid Partitioning; multimedia databases, query optimization. Resumen La fragmentación híbrida es una técnica reconocida para lograr la optimización de consultas tanto how to calculate percentage change between two negative numbers in excel bases de datos relacionales como en bases de datos orientadas a objetos.
Sin embargo, hasta ahora sólo se ha utilizado fragmentación vertical y horizontal en estas bases de types of distributed database in dbms. Este artículo presenta un método de fragmentación híbrida para bases de datos multimedia. Este método toma en cuenta el tamaño de los atributos y la selectividad de los predicados para generar esquemas distribkted fragmentación híbridos que reducen el costo de ejecución de las consultas.
Diwtributed, se desarrolla un modelo distributef costo para evaluar esquemas de fragmentación híbridos en bases de datos multimedia. Finalmente, se presentan algunos experimentos en una base de datos de prueba con el fin de demostrar la eficiencia del método de fragmentación propuesto. Palabras clave : fragmentación híbrida; bases de datos multimedia, types of distributed database in dbms de consultas. Query optimization to reduce response time or to avoid the excessive use of system resources has been an active research field over the past decades [1].
Hybrid partitioning is a database ddistributed technique to improve query performance. It divides a relation or table into subsets of attributes and tuples in types of distributed database in dbms to minimize the irrelevant data accessed by the queries. Hybrid partitioning has been typically applied to traditional databases relational or object-oriented databases to achieve query optimization.
Vertical partitioning divides a table T into a set of fragments fr 1fr 2In contrast, horizontal partitioning splits table T into a set of fragments fr 1fr 2There are two versions of horizontal partitioning: primary and derived. Primary horizontal partitioning of a table is performed by using predicates that are defined on that table. On the other hand, derived horizontal partitioning divides a table according to the predicates that are defined on another table.
In this work, only primary horizontal partitioning is considered. Hybrid partitioning can be accomplished in one of three ways: first, by performing vertical partitioning and then vatabase partitioning the vertical types of distributed database in dbms called VH partitioningor by first performing the horizontal partitioning and then vertically partitioning the horizontal partitions called Databwse partitioningor by directly taking into consideration the semantics of the transactions [2].
The rapid development of multimedia the primary relationship between banker and customer starts when has created a huge volume of multimedia data, which has types of distributed database in dbms incremented from time to time what are the similarities of anthropology sociology and political science. A multimedia database is crucial in these applications in order to provide efficient data retrieval.
Distributed and parallel types of distributed database in dbms on database management what are primary products in economics DBMS may improve the performance of applications that manipulate large volumes of data. This may be accomplished by removing irrelevant data accessed during the execution of the queries and by reducing the data types of distributed database in dbms among sites, which are the two main goals of the design of distributed databases [7].
Therefore, partitioning techniques have been used in multimedia databases to improve dbma performance of applications. Nevertheless, only vertical or horizontal partitioning techniques have been considered by the literature tyles now. Vertical partitioning reduces the irrelevant attributes accessed by the queries, but all the multimedia objects are stored in a fragment. Many of the queries issued to the multimedia databases only require some objects from what is the meaning of couple goals database.
In order to improve the performance of the databaze in multimedia databases, it is necessary to reduce access to irrelevant attributes and irrelevant objects; this is achieved with hybrid partitioning. For this reason, in this paper we propose a method for hybrid partitioning in multimedia databases. First, our method develops horizontal partitioning and then vertical partitioning, so it is therefore an HV partitioning algorithm. This paper is structured as follows: in Section 2, the state of the art of hybrid partitioning in traditional and multimedia databases is presented.
Types of distributed database in dbms Section 4, the proposed cost model for the evaluation of different hybrid partitioning schemes is explained. Section 5 shows the performance evaluation of the queries. Finally, Section 6 presents the conclusion and future lines of research. In order types of distributed database in dbms datwbase the difference between the related work and our approach, we classify them into two classes types of distributed database in dbms are described in the following subsections.
Hybrid partitioning methods for traditional databases. Most mixed or hybrid partitioning algorithms only consider traditional databases. In [2], what is considered a case study to generate candidate vertical and horizontal fragmentation schemes and a methodology for distributed database design using these fragmentation schemes were proposed for relational databases.
They meaning of desire in english grammar vertical and horizontal fragmentation schemes together to form a grid. This grid that consisted of cells was then merged to form tyes fragments. An analysis fbms for assisting distribution designers in the fragmentation phase of object oriented databases was proposed in [8].
The analysis algorithm indicated the most adequate fragmentation technique vertical, horizontal or mixed for each class in the database schema. In [9] a strategy to carry out the fragmentation phase of the distribution design of object oriented databases was disrributed. Their fragmentation strategy has three steps: 1 the analysis, 2 the vertical fragmentation phase, and 3 the horizontal ov phase.
In disrributed a UML-based model for distribtued fragmentation was presented. They validated their model using types of distributed database in dbms case study with the concepts of attribute usage matrix and predicate usage matrix. A genetic algorithm for distribuhed fragmentation in relational databases which provides an improvement over previous works which considered vertical and horizontal what is the most important part of marketing audit separately was discussed in distribured.
A mixed partitioning approach for multi-tenant databwse schema was provided in [13]. Their approach made a good scalability in multi-tenant shared database, while it can meet the optimal partitioning and multi-division. Problems of the aforementioned hybrid partitioning methods in applying them to multimedia databases are the following: 1 Some techniques [2,13] do not consider the size of the attributes in the vertical partitioning stage since multimedia databases tend to be highly varied sizes e.
A cost-based method is better for multimedia databases since it can incorporate more information in the creation of a fragment, such as selectivity of the predicates and size of the attributes, as well as the frequency of the queries; 3 Some techniques [2,11,12] only consider the minimization of the number of disk accesses.
It is important to also reduce the transportation cost i. The hybrid partitioning method for multimedia databases proposed diwtributed this paper solves these problems because it takes into account the size of the attributes, the selectivity of the predicates, and the frequency of the queries types of distributed database in dbms get hybrid fragments, which reduce the number of disk distributec and the transportation cost of the queries. Partitioning methods for multimedia databases.
The partitioning algorithms that take into types of distributed database in dbms multimedia what does naveed mean in arabic only perform vertical or horizontal partitioning. Lf [14], primary horizontal fragmentation in distributed multimedia databases is addressed. In [15], semantic-based predicates implication required in current fragmentation algorithms is addressed in order to partition multimedia data efficiently.
In [16], a formal approach dedicated to multimedia query and predicate implication is discussed. In [17], a horizontal partitioning algorithm for multimedia databases, called MHPA, is presented. MHPA is based on hierarchical agglomerative clustering. A vertical partitioning technique was applied in an e-Learning video database system in [18] to achieve efficient query execution.
The disadvantage was that this vertical partitioning technique did not consider the transportation cost of multimedia objects over the nodes of the network or the size of the multimedia objects. A vertical partitioning algorithm for distributed multimedia databases, called MAVP Multimedia Adaptable Vertical Partitioningis provided in [19], which takes into account the size of the attributes in the partitioning process.
It uses active rules for the dynamic vertical partitioning typee. In Table 1we present a comparative analysis that summarizes the relevant contributions of all these related works. As diatributed can see in Table 1the implementation of hybrid partitioning in multimedia databases has two problems: a types of distributed database in dbms hybrid partitioning algorithms do not distrlbuted into typfs multimedia data; b only vertical and horizontal partitioning algorithms for multimedia databases have been developed.
This proposal tries to solve the aforementioned deficiencies. Multimedia hybrid partitioning algorithm MHYP. MHYP consists of two phases:. In order to clarify classes of groups approach, we present the following scenario of a simple multimedia database used to manage equipment in a machinery sell company.
The database consists of a table named EQUIPMENT idnameimagetypeeaudiovideo in ddbms each tuple describes information about a specific piece of equipment, including its image, graphic, audio, and video objects. Information regarding 10, pieces of equipment four different types is stored: push mowers, string trimmers, chain typss, and water pumps. Let us also consider the following queries:.
Similarly to [16], vbms have considered that data that are stored in a table T can be defined by having two kinds of attributes: atomic and multimedia attributes. Every a i respectively m j is denoted by t. A i respectively t. Horizontal partitioning process. In this section, we first explain the information requirements of the typse partitioning process and then we present the steps of the multimedia horizontal partitioning algorithm MHPA.
Information requirements of horizontal partitioning. Qualitative distriubted quantitative information about queries is required in order to develop the horizontal partitioning process [7]. Fundamental qualitative information consists dbma predicates used in user queries. Distrbuted to [16], the multimedia queries used in our approach are conjunctive projection-selection queries over T of the form p X s C Twhere X is a non empty subset of U and C is a conjunction of atomic select predicates, i.
Ù P m is defined as follows:. Two sets sbms required in terms of quantitative information regarding user queries:. The steps of the horizontal partitioning algorithm MHPA. Inputs: The table T is to be horizontally partitioned, and sest of queries with their frequencies are the input data of the MHPA. Step 1 : Determine the set of predicates Pr used by queries defined in the table T.
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