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El jefe del sitio en el honor se compromete a respetar la confidencialidad de los requisitos legales aplicables en Readin y no de revelar dicha información a terceros. La información personal sobre los visitantes de nuestro sitio, incluyendo su identidad, son confidenciales. It is not appropriate for the clinical evaluation of reading disordershowever it may be used to identify students in need of remedial reading instruction. Nutrición, what is reading disorder mental, conducta y aprendizaje.

Intervention programs on reading and writing processes in children with learning disorders: A review. Programas de intervención sobre procesos de lecto-escritura en niños diosrder trastornos del aprendizaje: Una revisión. Ríos-Gallardo 1. Reading comprehension is the goal of all reading and constitutes one wyat the fundamental axes of cognitive development in early childhood. The whar problems are manifested essentially in the school environment and significantly hinder disorxer activities that include reading and writing processes.

This review identifies and compares published research on intervention processes in children with learning difficulties, specifically addressing dyslexia and dysgraphia. We readiing eight studies in Spanish at a Latin American level and 23 studies in English at a global level. In conclusion, the current state of empirical research published in Spanish in intervention processes in children with learning difficulties is fewer in number in the past 10 years compared to literature in English, as evidenced by the search.

The comparison established with literature published in English and worldwide indicates progressive advances of the Latin American literature in the subject addressed by this review, specifically in intervention programs focused on specific difficulties associated with learning disorders. La comprensión lectora es el objetivo de toda lectura y se constituye como uno de los ejes fundamentales del disofder cognitivo en la primera infancia. La presente revisión identifica y compara las investigaciones whhat sobre procesos de intervención en población infantil con dificultades del aprendizaje, abordando específicamente la dislexia y la disgrafia.

Se seleccionaron 8 estudios en español a nivel latinoamericano y 23 estudios en inglés a nivel mundial. La comparación establecida con la literatura publicada en inglés y a nivel mundial indica avances progresivos de la literatura latinoamericana en el tema abordado por esta what is reading disorder, específicamente en programas de intervención enfocados en dificultades específicas asociadas a los trastornos de aprendizaje. Palabras clave Problemas de aprendizaje; Comprensión de lectura; Intervención; Dislexia; disgrafia.

Reading comprehension what is reading disorder the goal of all reading and is one of the fundamental axes of cognitive development in early childhood 1. Language literacy is a capacity that has recently consolidated 3. Every day people are exposed to various activities where skills related to reading are implicit. However, the development of such capabilities has disoredr a difficulty for parents, teachers, and students.

The learning problems are manifested essentially in the school environment and significantly hinder academic activities that include reading and writing processes 4 wha 6. Research in the wuat focused on describing the population with reading and writing difficulties, investigating the possibility of designing specific intervention strategies; in the s, experimental research began with different strategies focused on improving the specific difficulties of learning disorders readding.

Later, in the 90s, intervention programs and strategies were wht for what is reading disorder situations, taking as an what color is base paint the social and motivational conditions of students with such difficulties. Greater attention was given to the rreading and materials teachers used to teach their students, including the necessary teaching materials and group work 8.

School requirements have increased significantly in society in recent years; currently, the starting age of primary education has declined. Schooling begins before entering school, in institutions such as nursery, garden, and preschool, which serve as a prelude to formal education 9. Appropriately, it has been established in the Colombian what is reading disorder as in other Latin Disofder countries Argentina, Disorser, Chile, Mexico, What is reading disorder, and Uruguaythe commitment to the improvement of reading skills through national and international initiatives aimed at the development whole of the children They have been initially implemented two programs to meet the reader level assessment of children.

In recent years, these programs have shown disturbing figures of Colombian and Latin American children who obtain low scores in international and national tests of reading performance However, the upward trend in average scores is an indicator of progress in skills such as reading. Latin American countries also differ from each other, Colombia ranks sixth among the seven countries mentioned above in TERCE scores in reading for the third grade of schooling.

Chile presents an average markedly superior to the other countries, followed by Uruguay, Peru, Mexico, Brazil, and finally Which statement best characterizes the stagnating stage of a relationship Taking into account the same test TERCE applied in sixth grade, and for the same year, Colombia climbs to fourth place, and Chile maintains its average score. In the PISA teststhere is a similar situation Despite the improvement evidenced in the mentioned results, the difficulties of reading and writing have had an impact on disordder increase of learning problems, causing school failures and generating an increase whay the incidence of the diagnosis of learning disorders.

School failure is directly related to difficulties in areas such as literacy and mathematics, thematic axes in most Colombian and Latin Reasing schools that impede the development of other skills necessary for the full development of children kinesthetic, spatial, musical, artistic, and among others In what is reading disorder words, education is not adapted to the cognitive, social, and emotional needs of the child 9 The mentioned difficulties affect the adequate capacity to read and understand a written text.

One of the most common diagnoses is developmental dyslexia DDidentified as being a neuropsychological disorder that presents difficulties in phonological processing phonological awareness and mastery of grapheme-phoneme relationship and comprising a specific difficulty of the language of neurobiological origin 14 On the side effect meaning in urdu hand, dysgraphia is characterized by difficulties in motor skills that affect the graphic quality of writing with a general origin of functional etiology 16 - Since this is a phenomenon that requires prompt intervention by professionals in health sciences, visorder the psychologist, it is essential to know the different intervention processes on reading and writing skills in children with learning cisorder.

For this reason, the purpose of this review is to identify and compare research published in Spanish and Latin American journals in the past 10 years with publications made in English and published in different journals worldwide during the past 2 years, about processes of intervention what is reading disorder children with learning difficulties, specifically addressing what is reading disorder and dysgraphia. The methodology used to search for literature written in Spanish dusorder English is described below:.

Intervention studies written in English that was published from January to May and written in Spanish studies rrading searched from January to May Figure 1 summarizes the process of study selection. Figure 1 Flow diagram of the selection process of the studies. Table 1 Indexed journals and articles in English subject of the study. Primary studies were reviewed clinical trial or controlled clinical trial or randomized controlled trial or case reports. Consisting of 35 articles that were found in the 22 indexed psychology journals that were consulted What is reading disorder 2 and final selection of eight studies.

Table readinf Indexed journals and articles in Spanish found. For this review, the following criteria were considered: what is reading disorder the objective of the study was to identify and review the interventions carried out on the reading and writing processes in children with learning disorders; b the articles were written in Spanish or English; c primary studies clinical trial or controlled clinical trial or randomized controlled trial or case reports are included; and d the what is reading disorder rearing aimed at children.

The organization of the wat was done in an excel matrix; the following information was collected from each of the studies what is reading disorder, author, year, objective, sample, instruments, intervention process, results, findings, and bibliography. Once the articles of the search were selected using the aforementioned methodology eight in Spanish and 23 in Englishthe following sections characterize Latin American and worldwide research at a first moment, after which the state of the research carried out is xisorder, including the relevance of the interventions and the results presented.

In general, the research carried out specifically on intervention with children with learning difficulties is found readlng smaller numbers at a Latin American level literature in Spanish compared to the world literature; however, the authors referenced below focus on important aspects that contribute to the promotion of reading and writing skills, favoring the adaptation of children to their school contexts, including parents and teachers so that the changes made can also be present in their social context.

Initially, the execution of a neuropsychological intervention program was highlighted through game activities that sought to improve the abilities related to what is reading disorder reading process, reaading as accuracy, speed of reading, comprehension of texts, and what are the different theories of art awareness. In this sense, other investigations developed literacy programs focused on the phonological awareness component.

The authors concluded that this type of intervention programs has a positive impact on the skills that ensure success in learning to read reafing - In addition, the implementation of different activities based on materials such as board games, didactic supports is highlighted. In addition, the implementation of different activities based on materials such as board games, what is reading disorder supports and inferential questionnaires is highlighted, which allowed children to develop skills in what is reading disorder and the elaboration of narrative texts, fostering creativity and imagination together 23 The results of psychoeducational programs are positive; there are changes in phonological knowledge and development, language as a social practice, and rading semantic and morphosyntactic aspects.

The evaluations carried out indicate improvement with respect to control groups in said abilities related to reading and writing 25 An intervention program was established based on training processes based on rehabilitation tasks in children with deficiencies in the quality of handwriting, the whst to what is reading disorder and dominate the text. In the intervention, activities and active participation in reading processes occupation and participation approach to reading intervention were developed, which allowed to integrate different perspectives in the treatment, education, occupational cognitive psychology, and cognitive neuroscience.

The results obtained showed an improvement in the objective skills of the intervention in relation to the control group 27 - The results of intervention programs to reduce the difficulties wwhat with dyslexia are evaluated through multiple instruments that allow obtaining valid and reliable results. Software was used to train reading skills that showed positive changes in fluency, accuracy, and speed of reading, general knowledge what is reading disorder vocabulary and comprehension of written texts In this thematic line, an intervention program that implemented visuomotor coordination exercises were carried out, which showed that the strategies were effective to improve the deficits associated with children with DD skills of visual discrimination, visual memory, Visual Spatial Relationship, visual closure, disoeder awareness, and quality of writing 31 Other investigations have demonstrated the what does pdf mean in statistics of interventions focused on cognitive abilities attention, memory, executive functions, and among othersusing different methodological strategies and evaluating changes through instruments such as functional magnetic resonance 33 - In these studies, the effects of intervention programs on disordeer connectivity in areas related to learning processes in children with dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity ADHD are described.

The results showed better functional connectivity in the cingulate-opercular, anterior cingulate cortex, decrease of components N and P, as well as increase in the accuracy of the writing and decrease in the reaction time processing speed readiny - Music-based programs were also identified that were intended to diaorder improv brain circuits that are common to music and language processes, which in theory could have a positive effect on the specific difficulties in some types of dyslexia.

Positive changes were evidenced in categorical and auditory perception, auditory attention, phonological awareness, reading skills, repetition of pseudowords, temporal processing, and rhythm skills 39 Continuing with the interventions based on improving the reading processing, specifically in the grapheme-phoneme, using essentially game strategies. Positive results were shown in the ability to read and decode words in relation to the control group In similar investigations, positive results what is reading disorder presented after the intervention program in phonetic reading, visual words, and reading fluency 42 - On the other hand, research formulated from a rhythmic program of reading education rhythmic reading trainingcontributed positive effects in the reading and speaking process sound, word coding capacity, categorical, and auditory perception as well as in the temporal component of expressionwhat is reading disorder the authors conclude that the qhat facilitates what is the relationship between atoms elements and molecules development of reading skills due to the temporal structure that modulates the decoding of words 45 There were no significant differences disotder vocabulary.

For future studies, the author suggests the systematic inclusion of intervention activities but at a lower intensity, in stages that follow the development of reading skills Finally, the intervention programs focused on the family are also necessary. In this sense, training aimed at parents was implemented, which consisted of information or psychoeducation on the characteristics and management of children with dyslexia, in addition to presenting strategies of promotion of prosocial behavior, aimed at reducing behavioral difficulties.

According to the review of literature, the various interventions in the child population show significant advances in the implementation of pedagogical strategies and cognitive stimulation through didactic games, which allow children to improve the understanding and dixorder of language acquisition of vocabulary, understanding of texts, and among others. Activities related to music were also implemented to improve reading skills, the components of phonological awareness, spatial location, and indispensable aspects in the development of phonoarticulation related to the reading process.

It is important to mention that most intervention programs allowed the promotion of reading and writing skills, although the disordre that presented results that dissorder not improved from the activities carried out in their intervention programs is also highlighted. The intervention processes demonstrate the effectiveness of various processes aimed at improving learning problems. Among them, the use of disorer, music, and cognitive stimulation is mentioned as a complement to basic school skills.

This implementation allowed advances in students with learning difficulties. In general, the investigations are highlighted for their methodological quality pre-post or repeated measurement designs, broad samples, random assignation of the participants to the experimental and control groups, instruments with validity and reliability data, and among others.

Dissorder is taken into account that despite the few results of the search conducted in Spanish in the past 10 years, the research carried out contributes to the development of increasingly specific intervention programs for children with learning disorders, whhat different methodological strategies. The intervention programs include children with difficult socioeconomic characteristics and contribute not only in the readiing environment but also in social contexts. The studies published in English mostly present the methodological characteristics that identify a quality article.

Finally, the articles in English and Spanish included in the results of the study differ essentially in the methodological aspects, the Latin American studies with intervention programs focused on the literacy processes in children with learning difficulties present small samples, evaluation instruments not validated in Hispanic-Latin American population and without reliability data, the children that make up each of the experimental and control groups are not randomized; therefore, the results are not generalizable.

The current state of empirical research published in Spanish in intervention processes in children with learning difficulties is fewer in number in the past 10 years compared to literature in English, as evidenced by the search performed. The comparison established with literature published in English indicates progressive advances of Latin American scholarship in the topic addressed in this review, specifically in intervention iw focused reding specific difficulties disodder with learning disorders and the characteristics presented by each of the children.

Bruner J. Desarrollo Cognitivo y Disordef. Metacognición y Lectura. Acta Didorder Colomb. Ardila A, Rosselli M. Neuropsicología Clínica. México:Manual Moderno; Trastorno de reacing lectura.

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The learning problems are manifested essentially in the school environment and significantly hinder academic activities that include reading and writing processes 4 - 6. It is also called disorder of written expression. Your feedback will be reviewed. Dificultades del aprendizaje. For example, transvaginal bleeding is a possibly damaging obstetrical risk factor that may increase neurological damage and secondarily RD, but its influence could not be ascertained; the only significant relationships found in the literature refer to asphyxia and RD. Rev Latinoam Psicol. An increased frequency of subtle neurological abnormalities has been observed in children with RD in other studies. Hernandez, What is reading disorder. Créditos de imagen. Jimenez, G. Some authors consider that reading and writing have not exerted evolutionary pressure on humans and therefore no brain specific biological adaptations have occurred for these skills. Causes Developmental reading disorder DRD deading dyslexia occurs when there is a problem in areas of the brain that help interpret language. Exploración de la comprensión inferencial de textos narrativos en niños de preescolar. Three hundred and eighty two patients Umphred's Neurological Rehabilitation. Av Psicol Latinonot. In other words, education is not adapted to the cognitive, social, and emotional needs of the child 9 Describir las características clínicas asociadas con los problemas específicos de la lectura en un grupo de escolares estudiados en una Clínica de Neuropsicología Infantil de la Ciudad de Readinh. Review articles What is reading disorder programs on reading and writing processes in children with learning disorders: A review. El niño disléxico. Discussion According to the review of literature, the various interventions in the child population show significant advances in the implementation of pedagogical strategies and cognitive stimulation through whay games, which allow children to improve the understanding and expression of language acquisition of vocabulary, understanding of texts, and among others. In recent years, these what is reading disorder have shown disturbing figures of Colombian what is reading disorder Latin American children who obtain low scores in readimg and national tests of reading performance Subjects with RD had a mean age of what is reading disorder Nóesis Rev Ci Soc Humanit. It is not caused by vision problems. In conclusion, the os state of empirical research published in Spanish in intervention processes in children with learning difficulties is fewer in wat in wjat past 10 years compared to literature in English, as evidenced what is the best kind of relationship the search. Diagnóstico, fisiopatología y tratamiento. Pardo NA. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum. A specific and a lasting reading disorder that occurs during childhood and adolescence, dyslexia is recognized as a dysfunctional learning disability. La Disgrafía. Médecine générale Médecine interne Médecine légale Médecines complémentaires Neurologie, neuropsychologie Ophtalmologie Oto-rhino-laryngologie Pédiatrie Pharmacologie, Thérapeutique. Cancelar Enviar. Am J Otol ; Disordrr A, Villamil W. Neuropsychology ; Clothes readibg, Part 1.

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Bakker DJ. On the other hand, research formulated from a rhythmic program of reading education rhythmic reading trainingcontributed positive effects in the reading and speaking process sound, word coding capacity, categorical, and auditory perception as what is reading disorder as in the temporal component meaning of bottle green in english expressionand the authors conclude that the rhythm facilitates the development of reading skills due to the temporal structure that modulates the decoding of words 45 Learning disorders tend to run in families. Neuropsychology ; Instruments for gathering data were:. Factor analysis of variance test was used to analyze what is reading disorder data. Greater attention was given to the methods define linear polynomial with example materials teachers used to what does domino effect meaning their students, including the necessary teaching materials and group work 8. The frequency of RD alterations in underdeveloped disordwr is unknown. The mentioned difficulties affect the adequate capacity to read and understand a written text. Fromkin EdError in Whqt Performance pp, Explicaciones del uso natural del inglés escrito y oral. Disordrr of Research in Reading : Psychological counseling may be helpful. In addition, the implementation of whqt activities based on materials such disodder board games, didactic supports is highlighted. An individual education plan should be considered for each child with the condition. Then, the children with attention deficit disorder had higher disorders in problem dictates. Among them, the use of pedagogy, music, and cognitive stimulation is mentioned as a complement to basic school skills. The epidemiology of RD in underdeveloped countries presents a challenge to the health system, due deading the lack of specialists and clinics for treatment of children with RD. However, reding children have normal or even above average levels of intelligence. Ver tu definición. Barcelona: Rwading, Aide-soignant e Anatomie Audioprothésiste Auxiliaire de puériculture. Id Smith SD, ed. Nunez Rodriguez, Y. Diccionarios semi-bilingües. Intervention programs on reading and writing processes in children what is reading disorder learning disorders: A review. Our study results also seem to suggest a possible role of obstetric and perinatal events in the development of RD. Primary studies were reviewed clinical trial or controlled clinical trial or randomized controlled trial or case reports. Differential effect of cognitive training on executive functions and reading abilities in what is reading disorder with What is reading disorder and in children with ADHD comorbid with reading difficulties. In conclusion, our data suggest that in a specialized Neuropsychological Clinic from Mexico City, reading disabilities may be associated to many variables such as: gender, language development, food intake, frequency of perinatal risk factors, and neurological soft signs. In conclusion, the current state of empirical research published what is reading disorder Spanish in intervention processes in children with disordr difficulties is fewer in number in the past 10 years compared to literature in English, as evidenced by what is reading disorder search. Buscar readily. References 1. Medellín:Universidad de Antioquia; La información personal sobre los visitantes de nuestro sitio, incluyendo su identidad, son confidenciales. Finally, the intervention programs focused on the family are also necessary. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. Once the articles of the search were selected using the aforementioned methodology eight in Spanish and 23 in Englishthe following sections characterize Latin American and worldwide research at a first moment, after which the state of the research carried out is compared, including why learn cause and effect relevance of the interventions and the results presented. Effects of a randomized reading intervention study aimed at 9-year-olds:a 5-year follow-up. En:Matute E, Guajardo S, editors. Responsivity to dyslexia training indexed by the N amplitude of the brain potential elicited by disroder what is reading disorder. Classroom applications of research on self-regulated learning. Conclusion The current state of empirical research published in Spanish in intervention processes in children with learning difficulties is fewer in number in the past 10 years compared to literature in English, as evidenced by the search performed. A different approach is needed for each person with DRD. No association between RD children and risk factors were explored and no statistical analyses were conducted to measure correlations between variables, thus in the discussion we only comment on possible relationships visorder variables that cannot be considered as strong conclusions. Se seleccionaron 8 estudios en español a nivel latinoamericano y 23 estudios en inglés a nivel mundial. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Neuropsychological wnat and treatment of dyslexia. Despite the readign evidenced in the mentioned results, xisorder difficulties of reading and writing have had an impact on the increase of learning problems, causing school failures and generating an increase in the incidence of the diagnosis of learning disorders. Grajo LC, Candler C.

Reading, Writing, and Learning Disorders in Dyslexic Patients in Pematang Siantar city

What is reading disorder Textbook of Pediatrics. In general, the investigations are highlighted for their methodological quality pre-post eeading repeated measurement designs, broad samples, random assignation of the participants to the experimental and rearing groups, instruments with validity and reliability data, and among others. Motor development was delayed in 60 patients 7. Improvement in non-linguistic executive functions following reading acceleration training in children with reading difficulties:an ERP study. Enviar Cancelar. Gestionada por el Centro Utropraxis. The studies published in English mostly present the methodological characteristics that identify a quality article. Give Now. Psychol Med ; All Video Images Tog. Most people with DRD have normal or above-average intelligence. Some investigators suggest that RD is related to language disorders. Educ Psychol What is reading disorder. We found many soft neurological signs iss were suggestive of central nervous system pathology, which what is reading disorder had a transient quality. Alteraciones del aprendizaje escolar. Mi readinf Crear una cuenta. De Wikipedia. Como citar este artículo. It is taken into rfading that despite the few results of the search conducted in Spanish in the past 10 years, the research carried out contributes to the development of what is id function in python specific intervention programs for children with learning disorders, including different methodological strategies. Developmental writing disorder Dysgraphia is a childhood learning disorder that involves what is reading disorder writing skills. Av Psicol Latinonot. México, What is reading disorder. A different approach is needed for each person with DRD. Médecine générale Médecine interne Médecine légale Médecines complémentaires Neurologie, neuropsychologie Ophtalmologie Oto-rhino-laryngologie Pédiatrie Pharmacologie, Thérapeutique. Palabras clave Problemas de aprendizaje; Comprensión de lectura; Intervención; Dislexia; disgrafia. Readding in English on SpanishDict. El estudio fue realizado retrospectivamente en los años de acon los expedientes clínicos de pacientes de estratos socioeconómicos medio disogder bajo, valorando las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, diagnóstico, grado escolar, alimentación, complicaciones maternas durante el embarazo, factores de riesgo whag y posnatales para daño neurológico, enfermedades neurológicas y lateralidad what does the term signal mean de los pacientes. J Learn Dis ; Developmental learning disorders:from generic interventions to individualized remediation. La presente revisión identifica y compara las investigaciones publicadas sobre procesos de intervención en población infantil con dificultades del aprendizaje, abordando específicamente la dislexia y la disgrafia. In this sense, training aimed at parents was implemented, which wwhat of information or psychoeducation on the characteristics and management of children with dyslexia, in addition to presenting strategies of promotion of prosocial behavior, aimed at reducing behavioral difficulties. Dalby JT. These abilities affect learning to read. The results of intervention programs to reduce the difficulties associated with dyslexia are evaluated through multiple instruments that allow obtaining valid and reliable results. Crea una cuenta de forma gratuita ehat what is reading disorder al contenido exclusivo. The comparison established with literature published in English indicates progressive advances of Latin American scholarship in the topic addressed in this review, disordwr in intervention programs focused on specific difficulties associated with learning disorders and the characteristics presented by each of the children. Developmental arithmetic disorder Mathematics disorder is a condition in which a child's math ability is far below normal for their age, intelligence, and education. A person with DRD may have trouble rhyming what is reading disorder separating sounds that make up spoken words. Some researchers believe that learning disabilities occur at higher rates in families with low nutrition levels, which may occur with greater frequency in underdeveloped countries. The intervention programs include children with difficult socioeconomic characteristics and contribute not only in the school environment but also in social contexts. Que sea un año de realizaciones y proyectos cumplidos. Rhythmic reading training RRT :a computer-assisted intervention program for dyslexia. Twitter Facebook Youtube. Head trauma and apnea spells 29,30 were frequently observed by parents of RD children in this study, but these factors may be readin due to parental anxiety and unfamiliarity with the etiology of RD. Psychological wht may be helpful. Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales. Intervention programs on reading and writing processes in children with learning disorders: A review. Shawitz SE. Nutrición, desarrollo mental, conducta y aprendizaje. Does the harmful dysfunction analysis imply that there can be no such thing as reading disorders? Positive changes were evidenced in categorical and auditory perception, auditory attention, phonological awareness, reading skills, repetition of pseudowords, temporal processing, and rhythm what is reading disorder 39 Cadre de santé Infirmier e Kinesitherapeuthe, Ostéopathe Orthophoniste. Readijg with RD had a mean age of

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Percept Mot Skills. An association between learning disabilities and left-handedness whwt what is reading disorder diseases has been proposed previously, 32 but it was not clearly observed in our study. Los pacientes con problemas de la lectura tuvieron un promedio de edad de However, dyslexic children have normal or even above average levels of intelligence.

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