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Revista Española de Cardiología es una revista científica internacional dedicada a las enfermedades cardiovasculares. La revista publica en español e inglés sobre todos los aspectos relacionados con las enfermedades cardiovasculares. SJR es una prestigiosa métrica basada en la idea de que todas las citaciones no son iguales. SJR usa un algoritmo similar al page rank de Google; es una medida cuantitativa y cualitativa al impacto de una publicación. Cardiovascular diseases are the principal cause of death and illness in the developed world, 1 including in Spain.
In recent years, there has also been a significant increase in diagnostic and treatment options related to cardiovascular illnesses; these have contributed to a notable increase in the overall cost of treating these debilitating diseasese. Admittedly, the necessary changes must occur in an appropriate manner, with decisions aimed at ensuring financing and coverage of healthcare systems.
The aim of this study was to analyze what impact management measures could have on delivery of care to patients with cardiovascular disease in a cardiology service, adopted by a group of professionals independently and not coordinated with other services in the hospital system. Our study analyzed hospital health care in a cardiology service in a general hospital with beds, a clinical, non-invasive cardiology service, and a coronary care unit that is dependent on the intensive care unit and incorporates hemodynamic and electrophysiological components, but which is dependent on other referral centers for surgery.
This was a practical study dedicated to evaluating the efficacy of treatment strategies initiated in conjunction with health care indicators. We reviewed the changes that occurred over time in regard to indications for treatment that the service used from the period before modification of management up to the present. The study encompassed 9 years The changes were analyzed according to overall data mean length of stay, occupancy index, etc. The services rendered data were compared with co-occurring data from the hospital area to which the unit belonged, with the goal of extracting information about overall changes in the center and changes specific to the service analyzed.
We also compared the data from five other medical services in the same center. The definitions used for the various indicators are shown in Appendix 1. These indicators are the same as some of those used by Insalud Spanish National Institute of Health to evaluate their hospitals, and they have not been modified over time, thus allowing comparison. The DGR were selected for specific analysis what is mean by effectiveness in management they were more representative of the activities developed by the what is mean by effectiveness in management service and were compared over time for the same service.
The DGR consisted of: chest painchest anginamyocardial infarct without complicationsand cardiac insufficiency. We used information from the center's admissions department, which included all patients admitted to the hospital and treated by the cardiology service, and which was gathered prospectively without knowledge of the information being used for this study. From throughthere have been 2 updates to the classification system for illnesses and procedures ICDCM. From tothe third edition of the same what is mean by effectiveness in management system was used.
Beginning inthe fourth edition of the ICDCM was used; this new version includes some major changes in the classification guidelines of cardiology patients. This produces occasional changes in the method of assigning codes that can affect the grouping results, without there being real changes in the casuistry. The successive versions of the group software All-Patient DRG has incorporated the advances in knowledge of the casuistry and adapted to the lower requirements of the inter-group variance in estimating costs or resources consumed.
During the period studied, we worked successively with versions Nevertheless, in order to simplify the analysis of the results in this study, what is mean by effectiveness in management have grouped all the total annual MBDG with the current version of the grouper All Patient version Although this may produce some errors in validation for the older cases, the relative importance of this problem is quite negligible. Measures 1 through 4 were implemented during the first month of the strategic plan, and measure 5 was developed during the next 2 years, after the managerial staff of the center was convinced of the convenience of using new diagnostic techniques in the center.
The clinical measures were implemented during the last 2 years. It should be pointed out, nevertheless, that the most important element of the plan was the strong determination of the majority of the members of the service to achieve improvement, a factor that is recognized by some researchers what do you mean by marketing research system the most important for improving quality of care.
Over time, the application of this plan produced a progressive increase in medical staff and what is mean by effectiveness in management taken, which has contributed to improved initiative. Nevertheless, it is important to note that 2 physicians were assigned to the hospital floor during the entire study period, with the occasional support of another part-time staff provided when there was a significant increase in hospital admissions.
The data is presented with values given for each parameter. Given that the intervention was performed after the last 3 months ofwe divided the data analysis into 2 time periods: the first pre-intervention period spanning throughboth inclusive, and the second post-intervention period spanning throughboth inclusive. The data from the service was compared before and after changes in managerial staff Septemberand was compared between the data from the service and data from the hospital overall.
Table 1 shows the hospitalization data for the 9-year observation period. It is evident that the mean hospital stay decreased over time, and the number of admissions and discharges increased significantly during this time. The number of re-admissions did not change significantly over this time, and was similar to that of other hospital services. Mean hospital stay progressively improved over the years Figure 1.
Upon analysis of the mean length of stay in the cardiology service, we what is mean by effectiveness in management a marked improvement in the yearwhich has continued to improve up to the present. The difference in mean length of stay between the pre-intervention period 9. Graphic showing mean length of hospital stay in the cardiology service and overall in the general hospital excluding the maternity or pediatric ward with or without cardiology service during the study period.
The difference between the mean overall hospital stay calculated without including internal transfers and the cardiology service with internal transfers was 2. Figure 2 depicts the development of the mean length of stay for 5 medical services in the same hospital. The trend is different that that observed in the cardiology service, with several services recording what is mean by effectiveness in management increase in the mean length of stay over the past few years.
Graphic showing the mean length of stay in the cardiology service, the overall general hospital length of stay without including the cardiology service, and the length of stay in 5 medical hospital services during the period analyzed. Upon analyzing the mean hospital stay during the study period, we noted a significant decrease in the median and interquartile ranges after the intervention was implemented, indicating that not only severe cases had a reduced length of stay.
This development was noted not only in the planned admission but also in patients admitted from the emergency department. As is evident in Figure 3, the intervention had an effect in the month in which was first implemented Septemberan effect that is not evident in Figure 2. Graphic showing the development of mean length of stay in the cardiology service during the year Figure 4 shows various care indicators in the cardiology service during the study period; Table 1 contains the corresponding numerical values.
The mean length of stay, as indicated previously, decreased significantly over time. The occupancy index was significantly reduced immediately after intervention, and since that time has grown slowly and progressively, without reaching the values recorded prior to the intervention. The number of admissions increased markedly during the second phase of the intervention period, parallel to the incorporation of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques interventional cardiology in and electrophysiology inand has rendered the service a model to reference.
As a result, this, in spite of a drop in mean length of stay and an increase in the patient-to-bed rotation, an increase in the occupancy index was noted over the last 2 years The improvement in managing bed occupancy has allowed the service to significantly increase its level of care. Graphic showing certain health care data from the cardiology service during the study period. The total number of discharges is represented by the right vertical axis, while the remainder of the data is represented by the left vertical axis.
The mean weight associated with the various DGR of patients cared for in the cardiology service has not changed substantially overall during the study period, although we noted an increase in the mean DGR weight over the later years Table 1. Table 2 shows the data related to selected DGR. We observed what are some examples of safe risk taking the management of this type of patients is more efficient overall.
The analysis of the distribution of the relative DGR weight values shows that the general mean hospital stay is not the result of admitting patients with a non-serious illness. How to interpret phylogenetic trees order to analyze the change over time in the DGR selected, we compared the DGR in and with what was typical as published by the Insalud in Table 3 since no comparable data exist from the Insalud for the initial years of the follow-up period.
As can be observed, the management of these DGR improved notably during the study period. Table 4 shows the data from the comparison of the cardiology service and the data from the rest of the cardi ology services performed by the Insalud in group 3 of the Insalud for the year The ratio of patients to beds to the number of physicians in charge of the floor has risen from Figure 5 shows the impact in savings in terms of length of hospital stay attributable to the cardiology service in the year as an example of the impact of a change in management techniques.
During this year, the cardiology service used less hospital days as compared with the Insalud regulations for hospitals in group 3 for DGR with more than 7 cases, a reduction much greater than that observed in other hospital services. Hospital stays avoided by the cardiology service for the year compared with the performance of what is mean by effectiveness in management services in the same hospital with respect what is mean by effectiveness in management the regulation Insalud group 3 for the year for DGR with more than 7 cases.
Toledo hospital system THCcardiology grey barand other medical services. We do not present a detailed cost analysis because the procedure used by the INSALUD has changed what is mean by effectiveness in management this time, which makes comparison difficult. Nevertheless, the improvement in the efficiency of the service avoided a significant amount of unnecessary hospital stays days per yearsavings which could be applied to other services. This study shows that the changes what is mean by effectiveness in management the management of a cardiology service can improve the efficiency of the service significantly, which can have an impact on the what is mean by effectiveness in management care system.
The value of the study what is mean by effectiveness in management that it documents real experience in our country, performed in a hospital that is part of the National Health System under a typical management system, which makes the results more applicable than those contained in models and examples taken from other social environments and management models. The key differences is that the study utilized the experience of professionals who were responsible for providing the health care, and not from external sources which are often more theoretical, not useful, and ineffective.
The strategy used was fairly simple, which is more likely a strength than a weakness, given that it has been shown that improvement in the efficiency of medical services can be achieved without great methodological changes. The plan was implemented by a group of professionals, physicians and nurses, interested in improving the quality of health care. The participants did not receive special incentives and frequently had to endure the resistance inherent in the change process itself, both in terms of other professionals and in terms of directives.
The experience proves that one of the most important elements for improving quality is a strong determination to ensure such improvement. The improvement in efficiency has allowed for a significant increase in admissions without a corresponding increase in resources designated for hospitalization. The hospital has habitually endured a shortage of beds, forcing the suspension of planned surgical procedures and, frequently, leading to the admission of patients who must be assigned supplemental beds.
This last problem has decreased over the past years, and we believe that the management of beds by the cardiology service has contributed to this improvement in a significant manner. What is mean by effectiveness in management to maintaining the hospital's schedule and the dignity of patients by avoiding inappropriate assignment is the reward of connection meaning in bengali management and, in spite of the intangibility of its importance, is a fact that clinicians frequently forget.
It is not incidental that efficiency should be considered one of the basic tenets of quality care. Overall, mean hospital stay is a gross indicator of health care, given that it is dependent on colon cancer risk factors diet nature of what is the basic classification of living things illness being treated.
It may be, therefore, something that can be manipulated by the selection of patients admitted less serious illnessesin addition to being very dependent on extreme values. As is indicated by the development of the mean hospital stay of the DGR with the greatest number of patients, the goal of reducing the mean length of hospital stay was achieved through putting for effort with each patient the reduction was achieved in all the DGRand with changes evident in all the variables studied, and not only the extreme values.
The development of the mean weight associated with the DGR also indicates that significant changes have not been achieved in the identification of illness, except for an increase in the complexity of the cases admitted over the last years. The re-admission rate on the service did not change during the follow-up period, which suggests that the changes did not result in inappropriate discharges during the study period.
However, the overall rate of re-admissions is not very reliable and must be adjusted to the casuistry. The initial improvement in the mean length of hospital stay indicates that, from the beginning, the primary problems of delay and coordination of health care that were present in the service were resolved.
The later progressive improvement in the mean length of hospital stay could be due to the overall improvement in the hospital central services and the adoption of new management strategies for various illnesses for example, early discharge for patients with myocardial infarct thanks to the introduction of primary angioplasty. The improvement in mean hospital stay was achieved before hemodynamic and electrophysiology services were incorporated into the center, indicating that efficient coordination between hospitals can contribute to a substantial improvement in length of hospital stay in both medical centers.
The increase in health care activity occurred without an increase in medical staff involved in the hospital stay. The number of medical service personnel itself has increased; for doctors what is mean by effectiveness in management 10 to 13 people during the year there were 14 doctorsalthough this increase has been in staff involved in the hemodynamic, electrophysiological, and external consult services, which obviously could have had an indirect positive effect on bed management.
The improved bed management has allowed the incorporation of hemodynamic and electrophysiological services without an increase, and in what is mean by effectiveness in management with a decrease, in the need for beds. This management strategy over what is mean by effectiveness in management past 2 years has been accompanied by measures for improving the quality what is mean by effectiveness in management health care as perceived by the patient welcome program, prompt information regarding the timing of their schedule of tests and discharge, etc.
Given than these measures have not been consistent for the entire intervention, these facts were not taken into account what is mean by effectiveness in management this analysis.