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Psychosocial Intervention will provide a Spanish translation available online of papers originally written in English. With this initiative, readers with limited English proficiency will have access to original research published in English, and authors writing in English will reach a wider audience. Scope: Psychosocial Intervention is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes what is function notation form in all areas relevant to psychosocial intervention at the individual, family, social networks, organization, community, and population levels.
The Journal emphasizes an evidence-based perspective and welcomes papers reporting original basic and applied research, program evaluation, and intervention results. The journal will also feature integrative reviews, and specialized papers on theoretical advances and methodological issues. Psychosocial Intervention is committed to advance knowledge, and to provide scientific evidence informing psychosocial interventions tackling social and community problems, and promoting social welfare and quality of life.
Psychosocial Intervention welcomes contributions from all areas of psychology and allied disciplines, such as sociology, social work, social epidemiology, and public health. Psychosocial Intervention aims to be international in scope, and will publish papers both in Spanish and English. The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular what is client level intervention in social work by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years.
SRJ is a prestige metric based on the idea that not all citations are the same. SJR uses a similar algorithm as the Google page rank; it provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of the journal's impact. SNIP measures contextual citation impact by wighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field. This paper analyses the implementation characteristics of the Family Education and Support program, a theory-driven, needs-based, and evidence-based positive parenting program originally developed for the Andalusian family preservation services.
The implementation process of 34 trials of the FAF program with participants was analyzed. Cluster analyses were also performed to explore variability in implementation conditions from a comprehensive perspective. The relevance of examining implementation process across several trials is discussed in order to distinguish core and non-core FAF components, as well as the need for combining faithful and adaptable implementations that guarantee the ecologic validity of evidence-based positive parenting programs.
Este artículo analiza las características de implementación del programa de « Formación y apoyo familiar » FAF. En este artículo se analiza el proceso de implementación de 34 aplicaciones what is client level intervention in social work programa FAF en las que participaron madres. Los resultados mostraron diferentes perfiles de implementación que moderaban la efectividad del programa FAF. Se discute la utilidad de examinar el proceso de implementación de diferentes aplicaciones del programa para identificar los elementos centrales del mismo y que necesitan ser respetados.
Asimismo, se concluye con la necesidad de combinar fidelidad y flexibilidad para asegurar la validez ecológica de los programas de parentalidad positiva basados en la evidencia. Despite the relevance of the efficacy question, it does not give us much information about the best way to deliver the intervention in diverse real-world settings Dodge, Consequently, the implementation process—together with a solid theoretical basis and an adequate evaluation design—is nowadays considered one of the main quality criteria for evidence-based parent education programs Flay et al.
Accordingly, attention must be paid to the factors that influence the implementation process in order to explore variability in program outcomes. In line with these assumptions, in this paper we analyze the implementation characteristics of the Family Education and Support program Programa de Formación y Apoyo Familiaran evidence-based positive parenting program originally developed for the municipal Andalusian family preservation services in Spain Hidalgo et al.
Some authors focus on the implementation strategies followed to develop a program, while others analyze implementation outcomes. The implementation strategies include the requirements and the recommendations that have to be considered in order to implement a program Fixsen et what is client level intervention in social work.
These strategies need to be considered when designing the program and should be manualized, in order to guarantee both program dissemination and ecologic validity. However, the adequacy of what is client level intervention in social work logistic conditions is not enough for a suitable implementation. Moreover, organizations responsible for the intervention have to ensure resources not only for developing the program, but also for guaranteeing its sustainability.
According to Herrera et al. Professional training is a critical component of the implementation process Fixsen et al. Regarding training timing, a structured proposal and suitable to program characteristics should be outlined before program implementation. Afterward, ongoing support and counselling from program developers should be provided Small et al.
Adaptability refers to the strategies that enable the program to adapt to diverse contexts. Thus, flexibility constitutes a key factor in implementation that guarantees both program dissemination and ecologic validity. In order to ensure this balance while keeping program fidelity, core and non-core program components need to be distinguished. For this purpose, not only the former application but also several trials need to be implemented in order to identify core and non-core components Fixsen et al.
Finally, strategies related to participant selection and group composition constitute core components related to both standards and effectiveness of positive parenting programs. Individual interviews are a valuable resource for selecting program participants. Information provided from these interviews should be employed to compose groups with a moderate level of heterogeneity Rodrigo et al. Manualization of the aforementioned implementation strategies is needed, although is not enough for going to scale with parenting program standards.
Evaluation of implementation outcomes can help investigators to disentangle implementation effectiveness from treatment effectiveness and to know, for example, if an intervention failed because it was poorly designed or because it was incorrectly implemented Baumann et al. The most evidenced variables in positive parenting programs regarding implementation evaluation are the following: Fidelity; intensity and dosage; what are the characteristics of acids and bases and some examples of each participant responsiveness.
Fidelity is the extent to which a specific application corresponds to the originally intended program Fixsen et al. This component is related to practitioner performance, and it has been measured through several indicators in the list of all rdbms databases program literature. Some authors what is client level intervention in social work to provider's adherence or compliance, this is the extent to what is client level intervention in social work the practitioner uses the core intervention components prescribed and is committed with the program.
Some of them refer to it as provider competence or quality of delivery i. Along with fidelity, those components related to participants that benefit from the intervention tend to be included in implementation evaluations. On one hand, we can refer to program dosage and intensitythat are usually operationalized in terms of duration of the program, specifically, the amount of hours in contact with the participants.
The research indicates that dosage and intensity need to fit the characteristics of the targeted population in order to guarantee program effectiveness Small et al. Empirical data shows that programs are more efficacious when they use active and varied teaching methods e. The Family Education and Support program FAF stands in Spanishis a secondary preventive intervention implemented from the municipal what are the four stages of public relations preservation services in Andalusia Spain.
It is a parenting program that integrates psycho-educational and community models, and it is originally designed for families at psychosocial risk Hidalgo et al. These aims are translated into 14 units about 5 topics: 1 process and contexts of human development; 2 parent—child interaction; 3 other family interactions; 4 the family and the community; and 5 adjustment problems in childhood and adolescence. In addition, it should be stated that this program is based on what is readable pdf group-based, active, participative and experiential methodology.
The aforementioned units can be trained through one or several sessions, performing activities aimed at enhancing both behavioural and emotional parental competences. Concerning implementation strategies, it should be noticed that strong organizational support has been offered. As a consequence, the FAF program is being regularly implemented since in every district of Seville Spain.
In addition, a training plan for providers has been manualized. The FAF developers provide two courses about the theoretical and methodological principles, the structure, and the requirements for implementation. In addition, an ongoing support and counselling resource is offered. Probably the most salient implementation strategy of the FAF is its adaptability. This program is fully manualized and structured, but adaptable to meet specific family needs and context characteristics.
This adaptability refers only to non-core components in order to guarantee the fidelity to the program but at the same time ensuring its dissemination and guaranteeing its ecologic validity. For example, a consequence of FAF flexibility is variability in trials length, although core components are guaranteed. Finally, participant selection and group composition should be commented. The FAF program was originally designed for families with a moderated risk level, although due its flexibility it can be adapted.
Providers are recommended to compose mixed groups with diverse levels of risk, in order to enhance the diversity of life experiences and perspective-adoption from alternative models. Specific advice about group composition and management are manualized because these are considered key components er diagram to relational database schema FAF effectiveness.
In a more comprehensive framework of the FAF evaluation, the purpose of this paper was to describe implementation characteristics of the FAF program. Specifically, two aims were dealt in this article: 1 the characteristics of FAF program implementation in family preservation services in Andalusia Spain were described; 2 the variability in implementation conditions was analyzed in order to explore variability in FAF effectiveness.
As a contribution from existing evidence in this area, different implementation profiles that moderate the FAF effectiveness are identified. Practitioners responsible for the intervention provided information from 34 annual trials of the FAF program delivered by family preservation services in Andalusia Spainthis is the whole population of families participating at FAF groups in a four-year period. Variability in number of applications occurred, with practitioners applying from one to four trials.
The majority of them were employed The parents fulfilled a broad battery of questionnaires about family dynamics. The scale is rated from 1 completely disagree to 5 completely agree. Concretely, a subscale to evaluate perception of control as a parent e. This dimension is measured through four items in a six-point scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 6 strongly agree. The items were rated on a scale what is client level intervention in social work 1 totally disagree to 4 totally agree.
The practitioners provided additional information for the FAF implementation through several tools developed ad hoc for the program: Family socio-demographic profile : A semi-structured interview to collect socio-demographic information about the mothers age, gender, educational level and labour conditions and the family as a whole structure and children at homes.
To obtain consensus, the mean was employed as the statistic for integrating the scores in a second round. The composition of the What is client level intervention in social work groups was made by practitioners, from families being attended by the family preservation services who meet the following requirements: 1 the family needed an intervention for parent education purposes; 2 the nuclear family had school-aged children or adolescents; and 3 the family's level of psychosocial risk had been evaluated by practitioners and was deemed to be average or moderate.
The parents fulfilled a broad battery of questionnaires about family dynamics during semi-structured interviews at pre-test and post-test conducted by two researchers. The practitioners provided additional information for the FAF implementation in each session. Every informant participated in this study voluntarily and was informed about its objectives and the anonymous use of the data. Implementation characteristics of the FAF program are described below. The average and the standard deviation were used as descriptive statistical for continuous variables, and percentages for qualitative variables.
According to Tabachnick and Fidell's recommendations, parametric Student t test and nonparametric Mann—Whitney tests were performed to exam possible differences between groups. Finally, the moderating role of clusters for program effectiveness was explored with repeated measure ANOVA's with family dimensions included as intra-subject factor self-esteem, parental sense of control, and inductive discipline and cluster C1, C2, and C3 as inter-subject factor.
The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS v Thirty-four groups were implemented, composed by 8. Concerning What is client level intervention in social work contents, in average 4. None of the groups covered all the existing units. The groups with larger dosage implemented 7 units. The most frequently implemented units were Process and contexts of human development unit 1 and Parent—child interaction unit 2. The less frequently used units where those not directly focusing on parenting issues.
Participant responsiveness was rated through several indicators.
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