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Abstract: Public local radio is the focal point of first second and third base in dating paper, and in particular a case study of Castilla-La Mancha. The objective is to evaluate the impact that digital tools have generated within its communications networks. Designed to offer a local public service, we explore both the obstacles and the challenges that are encountered when using available digital channels or seeking to access other new channels.
A tried and tested mixed methodology Chaparro et al. The results lead us to the following conclusions: the main characteristic of the Public Local Radio sector in Castilla-La Mancha is its great vulnerability, despite the fundamental role that it plays in local communication networks. The radio frequency bands are underused and, in many cases, misused.
Aside from some exceptions, there is a low level of content digitization and "exploitation" of digital resources. However, beyond the use of new tools emerging with the rise of on-line radio, virtual social networks and podcastingthe conclusions of the study are that Local Radio stations promote networking within municipalities and their social fabric, as well as their social cohesion. El objetivo es evaluar el impacto que las herramientas digitales han generado en su entorno first second and third base in dating.
Se aplica una metodología contrastada Chaparro et al. First second and third base in dating resultados permiten concluir en los siguientes términos: el sector de las EMs en Castilla-La Mancha se caracteriza por una gran vulnerabilidad, a pesar del papel fundamental que juega en la comunicación de proximidad. The radio broadcasting industry is living through significant change to respond to the challenges entailed in the digital transition that is underway.
Radio, a communications medium in which digital channels were pioneered, is consolidating this presence, above all locally Martínez et al. Which is to say, the multidimensional process that, thanks to the take up of digital technologies, affects the technological, entrepreneurial, professional, and editorial fields of the communications media. It has for over two decades encouraged the integration of tools, spaces, working methods, and languages for the preparation of contents that are distributed through multiple platforms, through the languages of each one Salaverría et al.
Technology has also diversified and multiplied broadcasting possibilities and listening to the radio through other devices such as computers and mobiles. Radio has benefitted from the opportunity Soengas, of offering specific contents for specific audiences and questioning new forms of diffusion in the first second and third base in dating environment. Among the technological innovations that the radio enjoys because of Internet in the production and distribution of multiformat contents, Moreno highlighted that, as well providing audio, it is supported by images, and both textual and hypertextual information; the content is accessed in an interactive and asynchronous way, and the connections can be established through websites and mobile applications that the radio stations have developed themselves listening in and webs and feeds listening outpodcasting services, social networks and propagated content on blogs, as a result of search engines and newsletters.
Local radio is also going through this process, although marked by their own singularities, such as its nature as a public communications channel dependent upon local councils. Councils have the authority to issue the licences first second and third base in dating their management and at the same time hold responsibility for their operation. In this sense, the studies of professor Chaparro Escudero and his team COMAndalucía have raised questions over the concept of social profitability to which local radio in Spain has to ascribe, where their own social function distances them from the commercial parameters that guide private broadcasters Chaparro, ; Chaparro et al.
In addition, its broadcasts are determined by content referring to its closest and nearest environment. Thus, the encouragement of public participation is among its aims and they present a basic defining characteristic, which is volunteerism, that predominates in the arrangement and implementation of their programs. Since they emerged inat the dawn of democracy in Spain, their development has been characterized by instability, poor economic profitability, and precarious conditions of employment.
Romero understood the fusion of radio-Internet as a new form of communication and one that is not exclusively seen as first second and third base in dating complementary support. Quintana et al. The presence of the principal radio programmes on social networks is a verifiable fact. The way that radioformula musical broadcasters and sporting spaces have managed to assemble large communities of fans in the context of Facebook may therefore be highlighted, whereas Twitter is more inclined towards generalist radio.
According to Piñeiro-Otero ap. The rise of podcasting — recorded content, stored on a server for à la carte consultation, both in audio and in video formats Quintana et al. In turn, podcasting fits with the new forms of mobility through mobile devices and the appearance of specific apps for radiophonic use and consumption within the paradigm of convergence.
Hernando described how each one of the applications possesses different characteristics depending on the ends for first second and third base in dating it was created. The near future brings tinder yellow diamond meaning such as the generalization of radiovision Cavia, and video-podcasts. Only in this way can local radio maintain a level of coherence with their founding spirit.
In line with Chaparro and First second and third base in datinglocal public radio, organized into networks in which civil society participates, plays a key role in response to local interests, as against the imposition of the discourse of globalization. In relation with the studies produced at the University of Castilla-La Mancha, the region within which this study is circumscribed, the pioneering work of Antonio Laguna and his team stand out, who have mapped the communications media of this community over many years.
Inmost of the 91 radio stations were of a private nature examples of causal relationship in psychology belonged to consolidated firms such as SER, Onda Cero and Cope. From among them, 19 were situated in the province of Albacete, 31 in Ciudad Real, 14 in Cuenca, 6 in Guadalajara, and 21 in Toledo Laguna et al.
In this census, little emphasis was first second and third base in dating on local radio, a typology which is at the centre of this investigation, giving continuity to earlier first second and third base in dating. A large part of the academic work is on the study of audiences and the mediatization of content in view of the potential of digital technologies. There are few studies that been motivated by an interest in knowing what is happening first hand, with the opinions of the workers and managers of local radio, and the obstacles and challenges that they face in the process of digitalization.
It is therefore of interest to know how local radio is accessing this paradigm of change, which tools it is using and which present difficulties, which are the obstacles that they are detecting to respond to this challenge and whether digitalization really contributes to implementing its social function.
Its geographic dispersion is also linked to orographic difficulties, which have raised challenges in the past for radiophonic transmission. Besides these particularities, the methodology that is presented, developed on the basis of studies published for Andalusia Chaparro et al. The main objective consists of measuring the presence of digital tools and their impact within the communications networks of local radio.
We will explore those tools that have been of greater utility and will look in detail at the obstacles and the challenges when developing their incorporation or full use. In a parallel way, we will appraise those aspects that might be setting the trend in overcoming some limitations or in the consolidation of digitalization processes.
Attention will be given to the way in which digital technologies contribute to the practice of journalism as a public service and to the stimulation of its social function. We have proposed three hypotheses, in order to guide this work. H1: local radio frequency bands are underused and, in many cases, improperly used; H2: there are cases that can serve as a model or reference for other EMs when surmounting obstacles and consolidating their digitalization processes; H3: technological innovation is contributing to the survival of the sector.
In this study, a mixed quantitative and qualitative method was proposed that formed part of a broader investigation Peralta et al. The classification of these categories responds to what is impact analysis in business analysis IRSCOM Indicador de Rentabilidad Social en Comunicación [Social Profitability Indicator for Communication] model, proposed by the COMAndalucía research group and through which the operation of these local radio stations is are there a lot of fakes on tinder, assigning them a quality indicator in accordance with their adjustment to the items that were agreed for the definition of the indicator.
The need to look in greater depth at the communications networks was concluded from that work, one of the key variables of IRSCOM and that constitutes the objective of this investigation, because it provides substantial information on the use that local radio is making of tools linked to digitalization. The following first second and third base in dating were taken for the definition of the methodological design. The basis of the first part was the official census of the Ministry of Economy and Business, which entails the listing of local radio licences issued in Castilla-La Mancha.
The document showed a total of licences destined for councils. The state of each was verified: operative, closed, with an inactivated licence or an out-sourced service. This process was carried out through telephone calls to municipal councils. Table 1. The following step consisted of rating the results, applying the same method used in earlier studies that followed the same IRSCOM indicator Table 2.
The minimum score for approval was fixed at 5 points and the maximum at 7. This last score indicated good quality and exploitation of the possibilities for digitalization processes. This part of the methodology was completed through a telephone questionnaire directed at the 40 operational radio stations Table 3. The majority of the respondents held managerial posts at the radio station or were representatives on the Communications Committee of the Council, upon which the radio was often dependent.
In small populations, the councillors with responsibility for Youth and Culture responded, both areas to which the local radio stations were attached. In a complementary way, from a more qualitative approach, 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted when it was considered of interest to scrutinize the case study in greater depth, because of its good use of digital role of relationship marketing in personal selling ppt or because they knew how to report the factors that prevented their use.
The field work was completed between June and December Table 3 Local radio stations currently broadcasting and early results. As may be observed from Table 4only 40 of the frequency bands licensed by the Ministry of Economy and Business to the Autonomous Region of Castille-La Mancha are operative, the greatest number of first second and third base in dating are in Ciudad Real. Table 4 Classification of the municipal broadcasters of Castilla-La Mancha.
Some councils, after trying to manage a local radio station, closed it, citing poor economic performance, an absence of qualified staff, or lack of interest. Some councils never activated their frequency bands because the network of local associations showed no interest. One of the most conflictive states from the managerial point of view is linked to out-sourcing, a situation through which the councils delegate the production of content to third firms, something which is not contemplated in the law, as it concerns a municipal public service.
Among the radio stations that are in operation, it is worth distinguishing between those that broadcast intermittently and those that broadcast continuously. Among the former, Radio Centenario Moral de Calatravawhich only broadcasts one hour a day; Radio El Casaralso with scant programming under the direction of young volunteers, and Onda Mota del Cuervo Cuencawhose studio some older people first second and third base in dating very sporadically visit.
Among those that broadcast continuously, Radio Horizonte La Solana stands out, which began first second and third base in dating in ; Radio Daimiel Ciudad Realwhich celebrated its 25th anniversary inand Radio Chinchilla Albaceteone of the longest-lived, with over 30 years broadcasting. Local radio stations are very sensitive to change of a political nature and to the personal persuasion of the mayor.
The last change of Government has also satisfied some demands of Radio Iniesta Cuencawhose managers had foreseen the implementation of some improvements. Having applied the weightings of the IRSCOM indicator Table 5the local radio stations were unable to accumulate the 5 points needed for approval, because the average was situated at around 3. This result, some way off the optimum number of 7 points, reflects their significant weaknesses.
The radio stations from Toledo and Albacete scored the highest values, without approval. The case of Ciudad Real was the opposite. In this section, the use that local radio makes of the most frequent digital tools within the radiophonic communicative networks is analyzed. This variable, together with the first second and third base in dating apps —11 The situation of local radio stations that have an updated website or blog is as follows: radio stations from the province of Toledo occupy the leading position, as This result what is penalty in criminal law first second and third base in dating of the difficulties that they are going through in order to update their activities and programming through the corporate website.
There are many that do not have their own portal, for which reason users must access the websites through a link embedded in the webpage of the Council with which they are affiliated. This scarce updating is also related with their very few templates. Added to this is the fact that the programming for the radio requires permanent attention due to the changes taking place among people and collectives that drive new programme contents. Even so, there is a generalized awareness of the importance of websites as presentation cards.
Examples of efficient organization include Radio Tobarra Albacetewith an Internet presence since ; Radio Daimiel Ciudad Realfor its up-to-date programming, and Radio Miguelturra Ciudad Realwhose website is used to present the biographic data of the people who manage their programmes. There are the exceptions of long-lived and deeply rooted radio stations, which function well from the economic point of view, yet have no updated websites such as Radio Chinchilla Albacetewhose workers, as Vicente Abujer argued, were unable to take on further tasks.
In a good part of the provinces, the councils make no use of the advantages of online streaming. These percentages correlate with the fact that the province in which most active radio stations are registered, obtained the highest average IRSCOM indicator 4. Numerous local radios are found in processes of technological improvement and even moving studios from the buildings that house them, in a clear tendency towards the modernization of their infrastructure.
Councils such as Tomelloso and Puertollano Ciudad Real illustrate this situation, which have for months been awaiting the repair of their equipment to begin broadcasting again. Radio Tomelloso stopped broadcasting at the end of due to faulty equipment. The programmes were posted on Facebookwhile the town council decided first second and third base in dating what does dominant artery opt for internet streaming to avoid investing in new infrastructure.
Radio Iniesta Cuenca is yet to implement online streaming.
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