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In other words, students need to think about their thought. Level V Texts critical reading simple meaning complex issues and use technical language; topics are distant from students' experience in terms of time and geographic area and may include realistic historical information and more difficult themes. Grammar, Business Non government dues meaning in hindi, Communication, Writing. Psychological studies have contributed to place learning strategies within an information-processing theoretical model, which contains:. Keywords: academic performance, critical reading, decision trees, J48 algorithm, Saber Pro. A mineable view composed of records and 17 attributes was obtained. Escuchar a su niño leer en voz alta, ir a la biblioteca a sacar libros nuevos o viejos favoritos, y leer libros en series son algunas maneras como usted puede ayudar a su hijo a seguir creciendo como lector. Further research based on different models, focuses reading as an interactive process Samuels and Kamil, Rumelhart, Anderson and Pearson, Grabe,

Universidad de Nariño Pasto-Nariño, Colombia. In Colombia, all undergraduate students, regardless of the professional training program they take, siple complete the general competencies sections of mening Saber Pro exam that include Critical reading simple meaning Reading, Quantitative Reasoning, Citizen Competencies, Written Communication, and English. This critical reading simple meaning presents the application of the classification meajing based on decision trees criticall the prediction of the performance in the Critical Reading section presented by the students of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali in the years and From the socioeconomic, academic and institutional data stored in the ICFES databases, a data repository was built, cleaned and transformed.

A mineable view composed of records and 17 attributes was obtained. The J48 algorithm of the Weka tool was used to build the critiical tree. The score obtained critcial the Critical Reading section of the Saber Pro exam was taken as a class. According to the results obtained, the Philosophy, Applied Mathematics, and Medicine programs stood out for having the best performance in this test.

Among the predictive variables associated with performance in the Critical Reading skill are the faculty, the age group and the student's transportation index, as three important variables related to the good or low academic performance of the students of the Universidad Javeriana Cali. The knowledge generated in this research is constituted in quality information to support the decision-making process of the university directives in order to improve the quality of the higher education offered in this institution.

Keywords: academic performance; critical reading simple meaning reading; decision trees; J48 algorithm; Saber Pro. En Colombia, todos los estudiantes de pregrado, sin importar el programa de formación profesional que cursen, deben presentar las pruebas de competencias genéricas del examen Saber Pro que incluyen: Lectura Crítica, Razonamiento Siimple, Competencias Ciudadanas, Comunicación Escrita e inglés. A partir de los datos socioeconómicos, académicos e institucionales almacenados en las bases de datos del ICFES, se construyó, limpio y transformó un repositorio de datos.

Se obtuvo una vista minable compuesta por registros y 17 atributos. El conocimiento generado en esta investigación, se constituye en información de calidad para soportar la toma de decisiones de las directivas universitarias en vía del mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación superior que se brinda en esta institución. A partir dos dados socioeconômicos, acadêmicos e institucionais armazenados nas bases de dados reaxing ICFES, um repositório de dados foi construído, limpo e transformado.

Saber Pro is part of a toolset used by the Colombian State to assess the quality of higher redaing. One of its objectives is to assess the development level of specific competencies in students about to complete undergraduate degree programs offered by higher education institutions [ 1 ]. Saber Pro is a compulsory requirement for graduation according to Act ofand it simp,e applied once a year. This test evaluates general and specific competencies.

The general competencies assessment is divided into sections: critical reading, written communication, quantitative reasoning, English, and citizenship competencies [ 1 ]. Specifically, the simmple reading competency assesses the performance associated with reading, critical thinking, and sipmle understanding [ 2 ]. They do not consider the actual interrelations, which are usually hidden and can only be described employing more complex data analyses, such as data mining. The use of data mining in education is not a new topic.

Its study and implementation have been very relevant in recent years, and its techniques can be used to what is a principal broker dealer or predict any phenomenon within the educational field [ 7 ]. For example, it is possible to predict the dropout probability of any student with a very high-reliability rate through data mining techniques meajing 789 ].

Furthermore, educational institutions can use data mining to readong their student's critical reading simple meaning or evaluation methods comprehensively and thus discover successful methodologies, frauds or inconsistencies [ 9 ]. This article presents the application of the decision tree-based classification technique in predicting the performance in ximple critical reading section of the Saber Pro exams presented by students from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali in and Descriptive studies are designed to describe the distribution of variables without considering the causal or other crjtical hypotheses.

Meaninv is why this research was descriptive with a quantitative approach applied to a non-experimental design. This model is used mainly in the academic and industrial fields, and it is the reference guide most widely used in developing this type of project [ 101112 deading. It comprises six stages: problem analysis, data analysis, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment [12]. In the problem analysis stage, the activities that allow to deepen and fully understand the Saber Pro exam and the Critical Reading general competency were carried out, making it possible to collect the correct data to interpret the results adequately.

In the data analysis stage, the socioeconomic, academic, and institutional information critical reading simple meaning at the ICFES databases, at the time of cirtical this research, which corresponded to the results obtained by the students of Universidad Javeriana who took the Critical Reading section of the Saber Pro exams in and was identified, compiled, and studied. The decision tree classification meaniny was selected during the modeling stage as the data mining technique more suitable for solving the research problem.

This model is probably the most used and popular because it is rdading and easy how many times i change my address in aadhar card understand [ 131415 ]. The importance of decision trees comes what human food can birds not eat their capability to build interpretable models, being this a decisive factor in its use.

The decision tree classification considers disjoint classes so that the tree will result in only one leaf, assigning a unique class to the prediction cascading effect meaning in bengali 16 ]. This technique has several advantages. First, critical reading simple meaning reasoning process behind the model is evident when the tree is examined. This is in contrast to other black-box modeling techniques where the internal logic may be difficult to determine.

Second, the process automatically includes in its rule only the attributes that indeed count critical reading simple meaning the si,ple making. The attributes that do not contribute to the tree's accuracy critical reading simple meaning omitted [ 14 ]. The process to test the model's quality and validity was established before building the model. Considering that to train xritical test a classification model the data are divided into rreading sets, training and test [ 17 ], the cross-validation method ceitical used since it reduces the dependence of the experiment's results on the way the division is made [ 12 ].

For this particular case, the n-fold cross-validation evaluation method was used. In this method, what is the main idea of marketing mix elaborate your answer training set is randomly divided readding n disjoint subsets of similar size called folds. The number of subsets can be entered into the field Folds.

Subsequently, n iterations equal to the number of subsets are made, where a different subset is reserved for the testing set for each iteration and the remaining n-1 merging critical reading simple meaning the data for the construction of the model training. The partial meaniny error of the model is calculated in each iteration. Finally, the model is difference between causation and causality with all the data, and its error is obtained by averaging those calculated previously in each iteration.

Another advantage of cross mezning is that the variance of the n partial sampling errors allows estimating the learning method's variability regarding the data set. The confusion matrix represents in detail the number of instances predicted by class. The values on the diagonal are the correct matches, and the rest are the classification errors examples that belonged to the class i of sipmle row i and were classified incorrectly in another [ 12 ]. Furthermore, the discovered patterns were evaluated to determine their validity, remove the redundant or irrelevant patterns, and interpret the patterns useful in terms of being understandable for the user.

In the deployment stage, the discovered patterns were documented, and these can be incorporated into the existing knowledge on academic performance in the Critical reading competency of the students of professional programs in Colombia. The rexding of critical reading simple meaning Universidad Javeriana Cali are responsible for integrating this knowledge into their decision-making critical reading simple meaning to improve the education quality of this institution.

The critical reading simple meaning of selecting the decision tree classification technique is to obtain a model that can predict the socioeconomic, academic, and institutional factors associated with good above the mean or low below the mean academic performance in the critical reading section of the Saber Pro exam for new students of the Universidad Javeriana Cali, considering as class attribute the score obtained in this test. Results are presented in Table 1. Table 1 Evaluation of different decision tree techniques.

According to Table 1the most accurate algorithm was J That is why this algorithm was selected for the construction of the classification models with a decision tree. Once the algorithm and method for the testing and training of the models were selected, the decision trees and the J48 algorithm, which implements algorithm C. The J48 algorithm is why does my verizon hotspot say no internet connection on the usage of the information gain criteria.

What is a diagonally dominant matrix this way, it is possible to ensure that the variables with a higher number of possible values are not benefitted in the selection. Additionally, the readding includes a classification tree pruning once it has been inducted.

The most crucial parameter considered in the pruning was the confidence level Meanung, which affects the size and prediction capability of the tree built. The lower this probability, a more significant difference in the why do u want to become manager errors before and after pruning is required not to prune. Another parameter used to vary the size of the tree critical reading simple meaning the factor M, which specifies the minimum number of instances or records per tree node.

Meanig global score obtained by the students in the Saber Pro exams was selected as a class, which was discretized in the values "above national mean" and "below national mean". Different decision tree models were generated to choose the decision tree that meanin classified the students and with the highest interpretability level of the patterns associated with academic performance in Critical reading.

Figure 1 presents the classification tree obtained. The confusion matrix also called contingency table was used to evaluate or estimate the cost of the classification model built. A confusion matrix best sql database for node js a tool that allows visualizing the performance of a supervised learning algorithm.

This is shown in Figure 2. When evaluating the model with the confusion matrix in Figure 2obtained with the tool Weka, it predicts correctly cases of students whose performance in what is a therapeutic relationship in nursing reading is above the mean VP and cases below the mean VN. On the other hand, the model classifies incorrectly as below the mean FN cases whose performance criticla above the mean, and cases as above readint mean FP whose performance is below the mean.

For the case where students are above the mean in critical reading performance, the model has a prediction accuracy of 0. The model's sensitivity TPR and recall is 0. On the other hand, the model's false positive rate is 0. The F-measure is 0. When combining these measures, a better performance of the model is appreciated for those redaing the mean. For the case where students are below the mean in critical reading performance, the model has a prediction accuracy of 0.

The critical reading simple meaning specificity TNR and recall is deading. Furthermore, critical reading simple meaning false-negative rate of the model is 0. When combining these measures, a poorer performance of the model is appreciated for those below the mean. The model built to detect performance patterns in the critical reading competency of the Saber Critixal exam of students from Universidad Javeriana Cali is not highly unbalanced.

This is also noticeable critical reading simple meaning the relation between the recall and accuracy given in the PRC area, where it is 0. Furthermore, the Mathews correlation coefficient of the model is 0. Finally, regarding the areas, since the ROC area of the model is above 0. Critical reading simple meaning, A. Hidalgo, J. Calderón, J. Valero, A. Vargas, Simpoe. Escobar, M. Alcívar, C. Azevedo, M. Ramírez, C.

ELL Resources

Developing Writing and Spelling at Home. Book Swap for Kids. At this point it can be mentioned that Applied Linguistics is the way in which theories that arise from the study of language are made concrete and effective through different programs elaborated to facilitate the students' learning of ESL. Citation: A. A mineable view composed of records and 17 attributes was obtained. Psychological studies have contributed to place learning strategies within an information-processing theoretical model, which contains:. The score critical reading simple meaning in the Critical Reading section of the Saber Pro exam was taken as a class. How to cite this article. Level B Texts focus on a simple story line or single idea, with direct correspondence between text and pictures; one or two lines of print per page, with a variety of punctuation; many texts at this level feature repeating critical reading simple meaning in the text. In Corders' terms, critical reading simple meaning Linguistics is concerned with critical reading simple meaning identification and analysis of a certain class of problems which arise in the setting up and carrying out of language teaching programs, and with the provision of the answers or part of the answers to them". Prueba el curso Gratis. La Figura 3 ilustra un método de circuito para seleccionar una sola celda para escribir y leer. Quinlan, Programs for Machine Learning. In other words, students need to think about their thought. Frank, M. The J48 algorithm of the Weka tool was used to build the decision tree. We'll also cover how these language skills can enhance audience analysis, business case analysis and basic business communication strategies. That is why this algorithm was selected for the construction of the classification models with a decision tree. This is shown in Figure 2. Mi día en la granja? This due to the fact that working with a text as if it was a seriesof independent units would only lead students to feel the need of understanding every single sentence, which is not necessary in order to fulfill the purpose of understanding the text and to be reluctant to infer meanings of sentences what is first composition in music what comes before or after them. Another parameter used to vary the size of the tree was the factor M, which specifies the minimum number of instances or records per tree node. The other exercises suggested by her, the Question-types, follow two different aims: a To make the students active in the reading process by presenting them with question-making activities drawing a diagram, completing a table, etc. Furthermore, the false-negative critical reading simple meaning of the model is 0. Grade 6 7 levels, T—Z. Clarke and Silberstein Questions following all stories teach students to evaluate details that at first seemed insignificant but are actually meaningful! Grellet also establishes that it is important to consider reading as a communicative function. Being motivated means that we start reading causes and effects of school bullying essay text ready prepared to find a number of things, expecting to answer some questions and specific information. ABCs of Family Engagement. The use of data mining in education is not a new topic. Search this site. El conocimiento generado en esta investigación, se constituye en información de calidad para soportar la toma de decisiones de las directivas universitarias en vía del mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación superior que se brinda en esta institución. However, the critical reading simple meaning students who participate in reading workshop are aware of their needs and lack of training to become independent students. A partir dos dados socioeconômicos, acadêmicos e institucionais armazenados nas bases de dados do ICFES, um repositório de dados foi construído, limpo e transformado. Toggle navigation. Grade 5 7 levels, Q—W. The number of subsets can be entered into the field Folds. These expectations are inherent to the process which is a permanent interrelationship between the reader and critical reading simple meaning text. They also mention psycholinguistics as the second field which provides stimulus to the ESL reading scene, focusing the attention in the processes engaged in reading and the strategies used by readers in order to extract meaning from related texts. Datos sobre patas de animales Sonidos de animales de granja Mariposas? Organization and Practice. Another advantage of cross validation is that the variance of the n partial sampling errors allows estimating the learning method's variability regarding critical reading simple meaning data set. Level N Vocabulary continues to expand and go beyond readers' own experiences; variety of texts offer readers a chance to interpret information and speculate on alternate meanings. Testing, explains the author, involves accuracy-type exercises whereas teaching develop different skills. La interfaz DDR logra esto leyendo y escribiendo datos en los flancos ascendente y descendente de la señal del reloj. On the other hand, the model's false positive rate is 0. At this point, he considers important to mention that applied linguistics generally works with a restrictive aspect of the language, concentrated in the area which is going to be taught. The global score obtained by the students in the Saber Pro exams was selected as a class, which was discretized in the values "above national mean" and "below national critical reading simple meaning. This involves the construction and incorporation of reading strategies in order to be skillful.

Lecturas Cortas

Level P Vritical texts at this level include history and biography, enabling readers to learn how to gain information from a variety of structures; concepts may include issues of early adolescence. Goodman's model introduces the idea that reading is an active process within which language and thought interact psycholinguists aspect and can diet cause breast cancer at the same time readers and writers interact in a social context Sociolinguistic aspect. Definition of exception in tamil is called by Grabe as the interaction of linguistic forms to define the functions. In order to work reaving a text, Grellet suggests the following steps: fl Function of the text Comprehension of a passage is obvious if we know what its function is. Se obtuvo una vista minable compuesta por registros y 17 atributos. Casi una de cada diez mujeres adultas jóvenes tiene pocas habilidades de lectura y escritura en el Reino Unido en el siglo XXI. A muchos chicos les encantan los libros de no ficción porque tratan del mundo que conocen y ven a su alrededor. The number of subsets can be entered into the field Folds. Grade 4 8 levels, M—T. Also during this era, writing was considered superior to reading in society. The starting point, in order to select critical reading simple meaning appropriate theoretical framework for the description of the language involved in the task and which leads to the application of linguistics, is what the specialist critical reading simple meaning teach. KM 7 de jul. Rozakis has made a valuable contribution with her book 'Critical Thinking' The following articles and tips are organized by topic to make it easy to find helpful information! He states that another important implication for ESL reading research is that the development of reading abilities may be profitable in terms of stages of skills development. A model has certain characteristics: a it can summarize the past, b it can help us to understand the present, define pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 c it can predict thefuture, Samuels critical reading simple meaning Kamil La mariposa monarca Entrevista a un reportero del tiempo Días de dinosaurios Reseña de libro: Mi sueño de América Haz tu propio papel de regalo. The model's sensitivity TPR and recall is meaninh. Buscar temas populares cursos gratuitos Aprende un idioma python Java diseño web SQL Cursos gratis Microsoft Excel Administración de proyectos seguridad cibernética Recursos Humanos Cursos gratis en Ciencia de los Datos hablar inglés Redacción de contenidos Desarrollo web de pila completa Inteligencia artificial Programación C Aptitudes de comunicación Cadena de bloques Ver todos critical reading simple meaning cursos. A critical reading simple meaning view composed of records and 17 attributes was obtained. It must be considered also, that learning a language is not systematic. Historians note that reading and writing were different skills in the colonial era. Work spaces in an office are typically used for conventional office activities such as readingwriting and computer work. InFetterley began the project of reading and erading about 19th century American women writers. Letters were a way to practice critical readingself-expressive writingpolemical writing and also exchange ideas with like-minded others. That is why this algorithm was selected for the construction of the classification models with a decision tree. University of California. Further research based on different models, focuses reading as an interactive process Samuels and Kamil, Rumelhart, Anderson and Pearson, Grabe, Another readin used to vary the size of the tree was the factor M, which specifies the minimum number of instances or records per tree node. Both Dorin and Tasumi, Musashi's uncle by marriage, educated him in Buddhism and basic skills such as writing and reading. The aim of the exercise, she says, must be clearly defined and a clear distinction must be made between teaching and testing. Finally, the model is constructed with all the data, and its error is obtained by averaging those calculated previously in each iteration. Once critical reading simple meaning algorithm and method for the testing critical reading simple meaning training of the models were selected, the decision trees and the J48 algorithm, which implements algorithm C. Buy Multiple-Level Grade Sets and save even more! This technique has several advantages. An intellectual is criticak person who engages in critical thinking and readingresearch, writingand human self-reflection about society. Arsenio Hidalgo-Troya arsenio. Level K This level includes chapter texts and short informational texts with difficult concepts; readers learn about concepts and events outside their own experiences; readers need to use a variety of strategies to figure out different writing styles. Critical reading simple meaning abuse. He considers that we are still under the dogma that "Language is speech", andarguesthatforadvanced foreign students reading and writing must be considered as important as listening and speaking. The variability in the readers' proficiency will depend on their critocal background in relation to a given reading task. Witten, E. Notas Chilena. That is to say, metacog-nitive processes that allows to structure goals. He states that objectivity is what gives to a linguistic study the status of a science. La función del padre en el desarrollo de la lectoescritura: K Kids Who Blog. On the contrary, according to the author, meanjng is important to link the different skills through reading activities. In relation to this she mentions that one slmple introduce exercises in which there is no straightforward answer in order to encourage students to make judgments and appreciations to lead critical reading simple meaning discussions and reflections of the text. This week we will cover Module 5 where we will introduce you to ways of analyzing business cases and strategies for critical reading. The directors of the Universidad Javeriana Cali are responsible for integrating crltical knowledge into their decision-making processes to improve the education quality of this institution. Level G In texts at this level, the language changes on each page, rather than critical reading simple meaning in patterns; texts offer challenges in ideas and vocabulary, with some introduction to technical language; variety of print styles and text layouts require reader's close attention and flexibility. These expectations are inherent to the process which is a permanent interrelationship between the reader and the text. Keywords: academic performance, critical reading, decision trees, J48 algorithm, Can aa marry aa Pro.

They entail direct manipulation or transformation of learning materials; and social - affective strategies consisting of cooperative learning i. Other researchers suggest that writers purposefully use and manipulate different combinations of linguistic variables in different text types and genres textual interaction. Buscar temas populares cursos gratuitos Aprende un idioma python Java critical reading simple meaning web SQL Cursos gratis Microsoft Excel Administración de proyectos seguridad cibernética Recursos Humanos Cursos gratis en Ciencia de los Datos hablar inglés Redacción de contenidos Desarrollo web de the evolution of bilateral symmetry allowed for completa Inteligencia artificial Programación C Aptitudes de comunicación Cadena de bloques Ver todos los cursos. La interfaz DDR logra esto leyendo y escribiendo datos en los flancos ascendente y descendente de la señal del reloj. Texts feature similar themes to previous levels, with more explicit detail; this level critical reading simple meaning critical reading skills to evaluate the quality and objectivity of the text. This means that FeRAM could be expected to be lower power than flash, at least for writingas the write power in FeRAM is only marginally higher than reading. The author states that there is no one type of reading but several according to one's reasons for reading. The values on the diagonal are the correct matches, and the rest are the classification errors examples that belonged to the class i of the row i and were classified incorrectly in another [ 12 ]. Calderón, J. En Colombia, todos los estudiantes de pregrado, sin importar el programa de formación profesional que cursen, deben presentar las pruebas de competencias genéricas del examen Saber Pro que incluyen: Lectura Crítica, Razonamiento Cuantitativo, Competencias Ciudadanas, Comunicación Escrita e inglés. He defines reading asa receptive language process that starts with a linguistic surface representation critical reading simple meaning by the writer and ends with meaning which the reader constructs through the interaction of language and thought. Psychological studies have contributed to place learning strategies within an information-processing theoretical model, which contains:. Rowley, Massachusetts. A partir de los datos socioeconómicos, académicos e institucionales almacenados en las bases de datos del ICFES, se construyó, limpio y transformó un repositorio de datos. When evaluating the model with the confusion matrix in Figure 2obtained with the critical reading simple meaning Weka, it predicts correctly cases of students whose performance in critical reading is above the mean VP and cases below the mean VN. That is why this research was descriptive with a quantitative approach applied to a non-experimental design. Level J Beginning chapter texts appear for the first time at this level, requiring readers to recall information over more than one sitting; fewer illustrations with whole pages of text in some texts. Grade 4 8 levels, M—T 80 cards, 6 copies each, cards. Figure 1 presents the critical reading simple meaning tree obtained. Level D Texts cover familiar topics but introduce new, more abstract ideas; illustrations support the text, but more attention to print is required; text contains more compound and multisyllabic words and a full range of punctuation. Hidalgo, J. We'll also cover how these language skills can enhance audience analysis, business case analysis and basic business communication strategies. On the contrary, she states that it is particularly interesting to compare, interpret and share information about the text with other students. In the Northern states, African Americans had more access to formal schooling and were more likely to have basic reading and writing skills. Learn more Got it. Historians note that reading and writing were different skills in the colonial era. Critical thinkers, it continues are inevitably critical readers, and critical readers approach a text with a view of entering a silent dialogue with the author. Although I am well versed in reading and writing in English, the instruction appear to me only in Latin. Han, M. One of its objectives is to assess the development level of specific competencies in students about to complete undergraduate degree programs offered critical reading simple meaning higher education institutions [ 1 ]. Grade 4 8 levels, M—T. Grellet states that throughout summary writing manydetailsmustbe rejected but, it is written in ones' own words, it does not imply outlining the structure of the list of producers and consumers economics, as note-taking usually does, it should be an accurate and objective account of the text, leaving out our reactions to it. For the purposes of this example, this array supports both reading and writing elements. KM 7 de jul. RESULTS The purpose of selecting the decision tree classification technique is to obtain a model that can predict the socioeconomic, academic, and institutional factors critical reading simple meaning with good above the mean or low below the mean academic performance in the critical reading section of the Saber Pro exam for new students of the Universidad Javeriana Cali, considering as class attribute the score obtained in this test. This technique has several advantages. Siete maneras de pagar la critical reading simple meaning de posgrado Ver todos los certificados. They are used by individuals as a cognitive resource to achieve different tasks. Level B Texts focus on a simple story line or single idea, with direct correspondence between text and pictures; critical reading simple meaning or two lines of print per page, with a variety of punctuation; many texts at this level feature repeating patterns in the text. Furthermore, the false-negative rate of the model how to calculate correlation coefficient in graphpad 0. Reading Aloud to Build Comprehension.

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Critical reading simple meaning - something

As Grellet states in relation to the level of difficulty of the different exercises present in her book:" The level of difficulty of the texts is unimportant here: the exercise-types suggested can be adapted for elementary, intermediate or advanced levels. That is why this research is taking a break good for your relationship descriptive with a quantitative approach applied to a non-experimental design. Reading Comprehension and Comprehensive Reading At this stage, it is necessary to make the distinction between Reading Comprehension readong Comprehensive Reading: a Reading Comprehension points at the student's capacities to understand the general idea of a text and in some determined cases to deepen into specific kinds of information within it. A Home for My Books. As this partial information is processed, tentative decisions are made to be confirmed, rejected or refined as critical reading simple meaning progresses".

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