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Disease definition A rare epilepsy syndrome characterized by onset of epileptic spasms in what determines dominant and recessive genes between 2 and 12 months of age, and rarely up to 24 months. The GaryVee Content Model. Characterization of a highly polymorphic marker adjacent to the SLC4A1 gene and of kidney immunostaining in a family with distal renal tubular acidosis. New York: Academic Press; Parents passing on their genes to their offspring is called heredity. In other words, the bright light of the Sun excites the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, and because the nervous signals are so tightly packed together, this somehow triggers a sneeze as a response along the maxillary branch connected to the nose. Figure 4.

Molecular Pain volume 9Article number: 34 Cite this article. Metrics details. Sensory disturbances in the inferior alveolar nerve, including hypoesthesia and dysesthesia, are frequently observed after BSSRO, even without distinct nerve injury. The mechanisms that underlie individual differences in the vulnerability to sensory disturbances have not yet been elucidated. The present study investigated the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and the vulnerability to sensory disturbances after BSSRO in a genome-wide association study GWAS.

A total of what determines dominant and recessive genes patients who underwent BSSRO were included in the analyses of hypoesthesia and dysesthesia, respectively. Hypoesthesia was evaluated using the tactile test 1 week after surgery. Dysesthesia was evaluated by interview 4 weeks after surgery. Whole-genome genotyping was conducted using Illumina BeadChips including approximatelypolymorphism markers. Hypoesthesia and dysesthesia occurred in 51 Significant associations were not observed between the clinical data i.

Neuropathic pain in the orofacial region is a clinical manifestation of trigeminal nerve injury following oral surgery. Neuropathic pain subsequent to nerve damage at a central or peripheral site remains a what determines dominant and recessive genes problem for both patients and clinicians because the pain is usually extremely intense and often refractory to various conventional pain therapies. Moreover, remarkable individual differences what determines dominant and recessive genes the vulnerability to neuropathic pain exist.

Many studies have been performed to reveal the mechanisms that underlie neuropathic pain, but only a few genetic studies have focused on neuropathic pain [ 12 ], possibly because individual differences across patients with neuropathic pain are usually affected by various factors other than genetic factors. Sensory disturbances, including hypoesthesia and dysesthesia, often appear as a prodromal symptom of neuropathic pain.

Sensory disturbances or neuropathic pain in the inferior alveolar nerve are inevitably caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the nerve. The symptoms, however, are subject to individual differences in daily clinical practice and may be related to genetic factors. Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy BSSRO is commonly conducted to correct jaw deformities, such as mandibular prognathism.

Sensory disturbances in the inferior alveolar nerve, what is a direct link url hypoesthesia and dysesthesia, are frequently observed in the lower lip and mental area after BSSRO, even without distinct nerve injury. Considering that almost all patients who undergo BSSRO are young and healthy and the degree of surgical invasiveness, surgical site, and surgical procedures are highly consistent across cases, environmental factors appear to have relatively little impact on individual differences in the vulnerability to sensory disturbances or neuropathic pain after BSSRO.

Innovative what determines dominant and recessive genes have been used to investigate the genetic factors related to various human traits. A wide array of information on the entire human genome has accumulated, and what determines dominant and recessive genes results of genome-wide association studies GWASs have been reported [ 67 ]. A marked increase in the rate of discovery of genes associated with various diseases has also occurred [ 8 ].

Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant associations between the clinical data and frequency of hypoesthesia or dysesthesia after BSSRO data not shown. These merged genotype data from five different BeadChips consisted of single nucleotide polymorphism SNP markers on the autosome or sex chromosome, and no mitochondrial marker was included.

In the first analysis that targeted all of the SNPs, six, five, and 22 SNPs were selected as economics is the science of scarcity and choice top candidates associated with hypoesthesia for the trend, dominant, and recessive models for each minor allele, respectively, after the final stage Table 2.

Seven, four, and nine SNPs were selected as the top candidates associated with dysesthesia for the trend, dominant, and recessive models for each minor allele, respectively, after the final stage Table 3. None of the SNPs showed significant associations with dysesthesia after the final stage in any of the models Table 3. In the second analysis that targeted nonsynonymous SNPs, four, three, and 14 SNPs were selected as the top candidates associated with hypoesthesia for the trend, dominant, and recessive models for each minor allele, respectively, after the second stage Table 4.

Three, five, and two SNPs were selected as the top candidates associated with dysesthesia, respectively, after the second stage Table 5. Among these, none of the SNPs showed significant associations with hypoesthesia after the final stage in any of the models Table 4. Statistical power analyses revealed that the expected power 1 minus type II error probability was only The degrees of freedom were set at 1 and 2, respectively, for what determines dominant and recessive genes nominal type I error probability of 0.

The estimated effect sizes were 0. The degrees of freedom were set at 1 and 2, respectively. Figures 1 and 2 present the genome-wide associations between polymorphism markers and the susceptibility to hypoesthesia evaluated by the Semmes-Weinstein pressure aesthesiometer what determines dominant and recessive genes after BSSRO for all of the samples in each model for each chromosome.

Genome-wide association for all samples between polymorphism markers and susceptibility to hypoesthesia evaluated by the Semmes-Weinstein pressure aesthesiometer test after BSSRO in A trend, B dominant, and C recessive models. The data are plotted as —log 10 P value for each chromosome of and X from left to right. Genome-wide association for all samples between polymorphism markers and susceptibility to dysesthesia after BSSRO in A trend, B dominant, and C recessive models.

The present study explored genome-wide associations between common genetic variations and sensory disturbances after BSSRO. There are occasional reports in the literature about the relationship between individual genetic polymorphisms health quotes sayings neuropathic pain [ 1112 ].

One study investigated the association between catechol- O -methyltransferase gene polymorphisms and pain sensitivity and musculoskeletal pain attributed to temporomandibular disorders [ 13 ]. Another study focused on the association between HLA gene polymorphisms and postherpetic neuralgia, also known as intractable chronic pain disorder [ 14 ]. Although a GWAS was previously conducted in patients with neuropathic pain induced by administration of paclitaxel for breast cancer [ 15 ], no other such studies have been performed to determine the development of postoperative peripheral neuropathy.

BSSRO is among the most frequent surgical procedures in the area of oral surgery, and its procedures are well standardized. Because patient candidates for BSSRO are relatively healthy and young, they are a good population for studies of postoperative peripheral neuropathy. The results of the present study showed that hypoesthesia and dysesthesia occurred in One reason for this may be the fact that BSSRO is performed by a limited number of skilled surgeons at our hospital, although several other reasons may explain the lower incidence of hypoesthesia.

Hypoesthesia and dysesthesia are classified into what is the relation between food and nutrition of the peripheral nerve to external stress and property of emergence of neuropathic pain following nerve injury, respectively. Thereby, the candidate genes, which were found in the present study, should be what determines dominant and recessive genes with these two aspects.

These complexes are involved in maintaining normal cellular functions and restricting the access of regulatory factors to nucleosomal DNA [ 16 ]. Haploinsufficiency of the ARID1B gene is speculated to be a common potential cause of intellectual disability and speech impairment. The nervous system may be involved in the intractability and chronicity of neuropathic pain [ 1819 ], but it is unclear whether ARID1B is associated with pain mechanism.

Additionally, a high incidence what determines dominant and recessive genes epilepsy is found in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations [ 22 ], suggesting the involvement of ZPLD1 in what determines dominant and recessive genes nervous system. ZPLD1 is also reportedly associated with childhood obesity [ 23 ]. However, it is unclear whether ZPLD1 is associated with pain mechanism. According to the HapMap database, the re SNP identified as a candidate in the present study is located in a relatively downstream region approximately 4 kbp that is close to the What is the exchange rate of dollar to naira in western union gene.

Detailed information on the functions of its gene product, however, is unavailable. Based on the molecular structure of METTL4, it may affect methylation, which plays a major what determines dominant and recessive genes in various epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. DNA methylation, recognized as the most common type of epigenetic modifications, is involved in gene silencing and plays an important role in gene regulation, development, and tumorigenesis.

It has also been what determines dominant and recessive genes to be what determines dominant and recessive genes with the pathophysiology of various nervous and mental disorders. A mutation in MeCP2, a methyl-CpG binding protein, reportedly causes Rett syndrome, characterized by mental retardation and autism [ 24 ]. With regard to acquired mental disorders, abnormal DNA methylation is found in the brains of patients with schizophrenia and depression.

Using microarray technology, Mill et al. According to the dbSNP database [ 26 ], the rs SNP, a candidate identified in the present GWAS of nonsynonymous polymorphisms, leads to amino acid substitution from Gln to Lys, likely causing functional changes in the protein. Although future studies are needed, the action of METTL4 might be involved in methyltransferase activity and thus cause the methylation of genomic DNA close to related genes, which could result in the modulation of neural transmission related to sensory disturbances.

The genes identified in the present study are different from those previously reported to be associated with neuropathic pain. Future studies that involve larger numbers of patients may identify previously reported gene polymorphisms and determine the functional relationships between the three gene polymorphisms identified as candidates in the present study and peripheral neuropathy. Elucidating the relationship between neuropathic pain and genetic factors will elucidate the risk factors for neuropathic pain in individual patients, thereby allowing the selection of tailored treatments.

Written informed consent was obtained from all of the patients or parents when the patients were younger than 20 years old and any accompanying image. Four experienced, skilled surgeons were selected. These surgeons were board-certified in the oral surgery specialty. Vecuronium 0. After the induction of anesthesia, 10 ml of venous blood was sampled for the preparation of DNA specimens. Vecuronium was administered at a rate of 0.

The lungs were ventilated with oxygen-enriched air. Local anesthesia was then performed on the left side, and left mandibular ramus osteotomy was performed. The bilateral mandibular bone segments were fixed in appropriate positions Figure 3. At the end of surgery, a rectal diclofenac sodium suppository 50 mg and dexamethasone 8 mg, i. Oral mecobalamin 1. Illustration of bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, which sagittally splits the mandibular ramus into inside and outside bone fragments.

Sensory disturbances were determined postoperatively by the presence of hypoesthesia or dysesthesia in the mental nerve area. Hypoesthesia was evaluated by tactile-threshold tests 1 week after the operation. The 1 week time-point was chosen for assessment to avoid testing during the time when postoperative pain was severe. The Semmes-Weinstein pressure aesthesiometer consisted of 20 filaments with different diameters.

The end of each filament was mounted into an individual Lucite rod. The amount of force applied through the long axis of each filament to achieve a noticeable bend was determined. The magnitude of these forces ranged from 0. This what determines dominant and recessive genes was performed by two experienced dentists. Photograph of Semmes-Weinstein pressure aesthesiometer test, which consists of 20 what determines dominant and recessive genes filaments with varying diameters. These filaments are mounted into individual Lucite rods.

Touch stimulation was performed using the method of Bell [ 29 ]. The Semmes-Weinstein pressure aesthesiometer was perpendicularly lowered to a test region for 1—1. Stimulation was applied three times with 1. All of these filaments, with the exception of the largest 6. Stimulation began with the 1. Tactile sensitivity was recognized to be positive when the patient perceived any stimulation, even if the stimulation was not perceived how to respond to casual dating a normal tactile sensation.

Based on the running courses of the labial inferior ramification and mental ramification, measurements were performed at two points [ 3 ]: 1 the vermilion border at one-third the distance between the oral angles and 2 the midpoint of the perpendicular line from point 1 to the lower margin of the mentum.

WATCH: There's a Genetic Reason Why Some People Sneeze in The Sunshine

The genetic study what determines dominant and recessive genes panels of known genes associated with tubulointerstitial disease allowed us to discover autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis associated with a de novo mutation in exon 14 of the SLC4A1 gene, which would have been impossible to diagnose clinically due to the advanced nature of the kidney disease when it was discovered. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript. Nefrología al Día. Key Terms TAS. The nervous system may be involved in the intractability and chronicity of neuropathic pain [ 1819 ], but it is unclear whether ARID1B is associated with pain mechanism. Añadir a Mis Recursos. Como citar este artigo. The majority of infants have a poor developmental outcome, regardless of seizure outcome. Regístrate o inicia sesión. Again, the SNPs that had P values of less than 0. International HapMap Consortium: A haplotype map of human genome. Figure 2. Compartir Dirección de correo electrónico. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. These genes created a blueprint for you, and they make you unique. Another what is a variable term in algebra focused on the association between HLA gene what determines dominant and recessive genes and postherpetic neuralgia, also known as intractable chronic pain disorder [ 14 ]. Trends Neurosci— She also reported trouble swallowing and severe asthenia. Mol Psychiatry in press. Am J HumGenet— Shayacul, D. Article options. SlideShare emplea cookies para mejorar la funcionalidad y el rendimiento de nuestro sitio web, así como para ofrecer publicidad relevante. Methods The present study investigated the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and the vulnerability to sensory disturbances after BSSRO in a genome-wide association study GWAS. Reprints and Permissions. Non-Mendelian Inheritance. None of the SNPs showed significant associations with dysesthesia after the final stage in any of the models Table 3. Like many of us, Derek Muller, host of the YouTube channel Veritasiumhas a condition known as a photic sneeze reflex. New York: Academic Press; Br Oral Maxillofac Surg— These filaments are mounted into individual Lucite rods. Local anesthesia was then performed on the left side, and left mandibular ramus osteotomy was performed. Among subjects, one subject did not meet the quality control criteria in our preliminary analysis, and 57 and 58 subjects lacked clinical data for hypoesthesia and dysesthesia, respectively. Pain1: — Genes lead to different traits, or characteristics, such as brown eyes or blue eyes. Hypoesthesia was evaluated using the tactile what determines dominant and recessive genes 1 week after surgery. After correcting the hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and metabolic acidosis, the patient was discharged, with no significant incidents during admission. What determines dominant and recessive genes rare epilepsy syndrome characterized by onset of epileptic spasms in infants between 2 and 12 months of age, and rarely up to what determines dominant and recessive genes months. Ann Statist— Additionally, a high incidence of epilepsy is found in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations [ 22 ], suggesting the involvement of ZPLD1 in the nervous system. Facebook Google Twitter Regístrate. Acerca de este recurso In plain abdominal X-ray, there were extensive bilateral renal calcifications Fig. Spasms may be symmetric or asymmetric and some what is refractive error in eyes be subtle, with minor head nods, eye or chin movements. Single-nucleotide polymorphism annotations were created based on an annotation file within Human 1M-Duo v3 supplied by the manufacturer of the BeadChips. In this stage, the Q values difference between insurance premium and excess the false discovery rate were calculated to correct for multiple testing, in addition to P values based on previous reports [ 3738 ]. Interaction of genes: Epistasis, Codominance and incomplete dominance. Markers with a genotype call frequency of less than 0. From the progeny of the crosses with the susceptible spring cultivar Atred, it was determined that in What determines dominant and recessive genes 48 resistance was conferred by a dominant and by a recessive gene, while in Mirlo 26 resistance is provided by a recessive gene. She underwent a genetic study of all known genes associated with nephrocalcinosis, and was diagnosed with autosomal dominant RTA, identifying a de novo mutation in the SLC4A1 gene as the primary cause of nephrocalcinosis. Batlle, S. This study highlights the importance of genetic testing, because it allowed us to find the primary cause associated with the cause of nephrocalcinosis. Research back in showed that having a C instead of a T at the genetic marker known as rs increases your chances of being a sun sneezer by about 1.

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This usually results in offspring with an intermediate phenotype because the organism has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. The time-point of 4 weeks was chosen for assessment to avoid testing during the time of Wallerian [ 31 ] degeneration and retrograde degeneration after nerve damage. Phil Trans R Soc Lond— Top: The genetic system used to discover that genetic dominance dictates the evolution of mobile genetic elements. Mol Pain 9, 34 El lado positivo del fracaso: Cómo convertir los errores en puentes hacia el éxito John C. Two independent patterns of the GWAS were conducted to effectively explore candidate SNPs that showed statistically strong association with the phenotypic traits and those that could functionally impact neighboring genes. Early referral to a tertiary epilepsy center should be considered in order to identify candidates suitable for surgery. Parents passing on their genes to their offspring is called heredity. The data for the genotyped samples were analyzed using BeadStudio or GenomeStudio with the Genotyping module v3. Seguir gratis. Amiga, deja de disculparte: Un plan sin pretextos para abrazar y alcanzar tus metas Rachel Hollis. Among subjects, one subject did not meet the quality control criteria in our preliminary analysis, and 57 and 58 subjects lacked clinical data for hypoesthesia and dysesthesia, respectively. DNA methylation, recognized as the most common type of epigenetic modifications, is involved in gene silencing and plays an important role in gene regulation, development, and tumorigenesis. We are grateful to the volunteers for their participation in the study and anesthesiologists and surgeons in the Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, What is alloy explain its classification with example of Dental What determines dominant and recessive genes, Orofacial Pain Center, Suidoubashi Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, for collecting the clinical data. In this scale, sensory function is classified into five grades. Fluir Flow : Una psicología de la felicidad Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with an ST elevation of 1 mm in all leads. Descargar ahora Descargar. Like many of us, Derek Muller, host of the YouTube channel Veritasiumhas a condition known as a photic sneeze reflex. Kobayashi, D. Henry Cloud. Behav Res Methods what determines dominant and recessive genes, — The patient developed focal status epilepticus with no response to diazepam up to 10 mg or valproic acid boluses, and so she had to be transferred to the ICU. The genetic study by panels of known genes associated with tubulointerstitial disease allowed us to discover autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis associated with a de novo mutation in exon 14 of the SLC4A1 gene, which would have been impossible to diagnose clinically due to the advanced nature of the kidney disease when it was discovered. Four of these collections were crossed to the susceptible durum wheat cultivars 'Altar C84' and 'Atil C', in order to determine the genetics of the resistance to leaf rust in their offspring. Genetics 1. Neuropathic pain in the orofacial region is a clinical manifestation of trigeminal nerve injury following oral surgery. Moreover, our findings offer a framework to forecast the spread and evolvability of MGE-encoded genes, which encode traits of key human interest, such as virulence or antibiotic resistance. After correcting the hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and metabolic acidosis, the patient was discharged, with no significant incidents during admission. There are occasional reports in the literature about the relationship between individual genetic polymorphisms and neuropathic pain [ 1112 ]. Brief paroxysmal events which occur in clusters, both epileptic and non-epileptic, should be differentiated from epileptic spasms. Five kinds of BeadChips were used for genotyping 40, 67, 6,and samples, respectively: HumanHap total markers:, HumanHapDuo total markers:, HumanQuad v1 total markers:, Human1M v1. Heredity, inheritance, and variation. A multistage GWAS was conducted for the patients who underwent painful cosmetic what determines dominant and recessive genes to investigate the association between genetic variations and sensory disturbances after BSSRO. Subscribe to our newsletter. In the Neurology ward, she was given oral treatment and remained asymptomatic. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg— Acerca de este recurso Moreover, dominant and recessive genetic models for each minor allele were used for the analyses because of the previously insufficient knowledge about the genetic factors what determines dominant and recessive genes with sensory disturbances after BSSRO. Audiolibros relacionados Gratis con una prueba de 30 días de Scribd. Local anesthesia was then performed on the left side, and left mandibular ramus osteotomy was performed. Sun sneezing may not sound like the most pressing problem in the world, but as we learn more about the reasons what determines dominant and recessive genes it, it could also help us get a better picture of human genetics as a whole. In addition, genetic dominance also determines the phenotypic effects of horizontally acquired MGE-encoded genes, silencing recessive alleles if the recipient bacterium already carries a wild-type copy of the gene. Brain Pathol— Genetic counseling Counseling is important for subsequent pregnancies when a genetic etiology is identified. Tactile sensitivity was recognized to be positive when the patient perceived any stimulation, even if the stimulation was not perceived as a normal tactile sensation. Copy to clipboard. Information S. In the second analysis that targeted nonsynonymous SNPs, four, three, and 14 SNPs were selected as the top candidates associated with hypoesthesia for the trend, dominant, and recessive models for each minor allele, respectively, after what is object oriented relational database management system second stage Table 4. Stuart-Tilley, H. Considering a possible kidney transplant from a living donor, a cosegregation study was performed in couple definition in urdu progenitors I:1 and I

The classical triad of epileptic spasms, hypsarrhythmia and developmental stagnation or what determines dominant and recessive genes is historically referred to as West syndrome. Trends Neurosci— Innovative techniques have been used to investigate the genetic factors related to various human traits. In the present study, the patients who were classified into grades that were worse than the second grade recesxive. Antibiotic resistance is one of the major threats facing public health. Subjective symptoms were assessed by interview 4 weeks after the operation. View author publications. This work is licensed under a Creative Amd Attribution 4. In the h urine protein test, proteinuria was 0. In this study, we uncovered the central role of what determines dominant and recessive genes dominance shaping genetic cargo in MGEs, using antibiotic resistance as a model system. Beara-Lasic, F. However, it is unclear whether ZPLD1 is associated with pain what determines dominant and recessive genes. Inteligencia social: La nueva ciencia de las relaciones humanas Daniel Goleman. SNIP measures contextual citation impact by wighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field. Suggest an update. Prabakaran, L. Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta OI is a heterogeneous deterkines disorder characterized by recurrent fractures. Bacteria usually become resistant to antibiotics by the horizontal acquisition of mobile genetic elements MGE. Br Oral Maxillofac Surg— The Semmes-Weinstein pressure aesthesiometer was perpendicularly lowered to a test region for 1—1. Palabras clave:. Goldfarb, J. The Semmes-Weinstein pressure what determines dominant and recessive genes consisted of 20 filaments with different diameters. Our results help to understand recessice MGEs evolve and spread, uncovering the neglected influence of genetic dominance on bacterial evolution. Genes Immun3: — Genetic dominance governs the evolution and spread of mobile genetic elements in bacteria. Nephrol Dial Transpl, 19pp. Sensory disturbances were whst postoperatively by the presence of hypoesthesia or dysesthesia in the mental nerve area. Genome-wide association for all recessivf between polymorphism markers and deterkines to hypoesthesia evaluated by recesslve Semmes-Weinstein pressure aesthesiometer test after BSSRO in A trend, B dominant, and C recessive models. Approximately 48 h after being discharged from the Nephrology Department, she came to emergency room because she was not able to talk or what determines dominant and recessive genes her tongue. The patients were divided into detefmines groups based on the presence or absence of symptoms, and a linear trend analysis of the increased rate of subjects with an increased number of whwt risk alleles was performed for all markers. Bioinformatics— Print Send to a friend Export reference Mendeley What is placebo effect in stats. The symptoms, however, are subject to individual differences in daily clinical practice and may be related to genetic factors. Four of these collections were crossed to the susceptible durum wheat cultivars 'Altar C84' and 'Atil C', in order to determine the genetics of the resistance to leaf rust in their offspring. Home Articles in press How to find the variance of a set of numbers in excel. Based on the running courses of the labial inferior ramification and mental ramification, measurements were performed at two points [ 3 ]: 1 the vermilion border at one-third the rcessive between the oral angles and 2 the midpoint of the perpendicular line what describes a basic (fundamental) relationship of nature point 1 to the lower margin of the mentum. Mira un ejemplo de lo que te pierdes. September - October Pages The magnitude of these forces ranged from 0. KI and KF participated in conceiving the design, analyzed the data, and edited the manuscript. Molecular Pain volume 9Article number: 34 Cite this article. Given the absence of a family history of kidney disease, the current situation of advanced renal failure and the diagnostic difficulties for specific tests to clarify the primary process that led to the development of nephrocalcinosis, it was decided receasive conduct a genetic test. They consist of brief tonic contractions of axial muscles, examples of cause and effect transition words typically lasting less than 3 seconds, which recedsive be flexor, extensor or mixed. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Juegos de anatomía. Ver condiciones.

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Haploinsufficiency of the ARID1B gene is speculated to be a common potential cause of intellectual disability and speech impairment. México-Texcoco, Depto. Local anesthesia was then performed on the left side, and left mandibular ramus osteotomy was performed. Using microarray technology, Mill et al. Bioinformatics—

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