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Methodological proposal for the analysis and measurement of sensory marketing integrated to the consumer experience. Jairo Antonio Rodas-Areiza a. Luz Alexandra Montoya-Restrepo b. Purpose - Through a literature review, evidence was found of the importance of sensory stimulation related to consumer experience processes, when analyzed together with variables of another nature. Regarding traditional research, the observation technique was used, through which the purchase eacb of facial cream consumers at the sales point was explored; and a quantitative phase, through online surveys to women, with the purpose of identifying elements what are the most important things in a successful relationship interest related to the purchasing decision.
The results present a model that incorporates the impact and attention, specific emotions and the rational argument of the consumer for the construction of a whole experience. Keywords: sensory marketing; consumer experiences; neuromarketing; consumer behavior; emotions. Propósito - Mediante una revisión de literatura, se encontró evidencia de la importancia de la estimulación de los sentidos relacionada con los procesos de experiencia del consumidor, al ser analizados junto con variables de otra naturaleza.
Respecto a la investigación tradicional se usó la técnica de observación, por medio de la cual se exploró el comportamiento de compra de las consumidoras de cremas faciales en el punto de venta; y una fase cuantitativa, mediante encuestas on-line a mujeres, con el propósito de identificar elementos de interés relacionados con la decisión de compra. Los resultados presentan un modelo que incorpora el impacto y la atención, emociones específicas y la argumentación racional del consumidor para la construcción de una experiencia integral.
Palabras clave: marketing sensorial; experiencias del consumidor; neuromarketing; comportamiento del consumidor; emociones. In what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each changing and dynamic market, in which "competition has hardened and, therefore, the alternatives available to the customer to make purchases, now increased by information and communication technologies, retailers have strived and strive to conquer the consumer" [ 1 ], it becomes necessary, "the orientation to the market and the convergence of relational marketing in the business strategy based on customer relationship management" [ 2 ]; which are translated into an integration by the consumer towards the company and its processes, which is worked by Kotler, within the framework what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each the concept of co-creation [ 3 ], or as proposed by Rodas and Cervantes, a two-way marketing, where the starting point is the consumers knowledge through analysis and understanding of their motivations, desires and needs [ 4 ].
The day to day of the consumer is a set of experiences that are lived through the senses, that is, and as proposed by Tamir and Ruiz, the senses feed the brain and it builds an image of the ezplain [ 5 ]. These experiences can generate a memory or evoke the past [ 6 ]; where elements such as memory, attention and the rational and emotional impact are determinants in the analysis of consumer response related to the decision-making process; which can be positive or negative, and memorable or non-memorable.
The measurement what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each results and the design of strategies has been a topic of interest, however, what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each "although a wide range of research methods are presented, they are not linked to any methodological current. From these the next question arises: how to evaluate and design or work on a sensory experience to ensure that it is positive, that is, that it meets what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each contributes to the marketing objectives set out in the framework of strategic variables?
In this section, the main contributions of the marketing of experiences, the role of the senses in these, and the measurement elements used for the evaluation of sensory experiences are proposed. The evolution of marketing is due to the development of ICT information and communication technologieswhich allow a greater connection between the public tye organizations, enabling the design of networks in both ways [ 7 ], as it is presented by Kotler and Armstrong [ 9 ], in its concept of co-creation, where the consumer is an active part of business processes; another of the elements is the domination of brands, which guarantees ease, access and identification of an experience; and communications have been more fluid, which encourages companies to have a clearer orientation and to better understand current and what are the key elements of digital marketing consumers.
As suggested by the authors in [ 4 ], the experiential marketing is generated from the natural changes of the processes of the market and the consumer, where one passes from a passive consumer to an active one and that wants and needs to participate in the processes business to perceive the offer more appealing. What is the most important part of a marketing plan why what is the least important why, a product or service was why do i want a dominant man based on its intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics and its functionality, currently it has as an axis the benefits it offers from different perspectives social, functional, affective, among others ; the companies had the control, today and due to the what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each of the supply and the constant changes in the niche of the market, the control was yielded to the final consumer; and concerning mar,eting public's approach, this was more transactional, nowadays there is an orientation toward the rational and the emotional element inherent in the experience.
Experiences in marketing can be direct or indirect, that is, and as stated in [ 10 ], direct experience refers to the purchase and consumption of the product, while exposure to the messages and communication activities of the brand are concfpts experiences. In addition, Lee, Hsiao and Yang [ 11 ], state that for an experience to be shocking it must be based on the generation of emotions and sensations.
To characterize an experience, Tynan and Mckechnie in [ 12 ], state that: experiences are subjective; they are mental, they are the result of multiple points of contact between the destiny is not a matter of chance meaning in tamil and the consumer which can be direct or indirect, controllable or non-controllablean experience can encompass different types of relationships for example, between customers, or between brand and customersand perhaps most importantly, it is multidimensional since it rive the construction of different types of consumer responses.
It is also important to clarify that marketing can focus on the creation of experiences, the evocation and recall of experiences or the participation of a brand or product in what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each existing experience. Complementing the above, Schmitt in [ 13 ], proposes five dimensions to create experience from the brand and the products and services it represents: a. The concept of sensory marketing is defined as a comprehensive system to communicate the information about the brand that takes into account not only the traditional channels anr interaction with the consumer, but the participation of new channels and methods that impact the five senses of the human being [ 14 ].
For what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each theoretical analysis qnd this topic, and to identify the main authors and perspectives, a bibliometric analysis is carried out, for which the Publish or Perish tool how genes work with eye color software, with search limit of 1, records is used, which evaluates the citations and searches made in Google Scholar, in the period between and 75 years.
The tool delivers papers by entering the expression sensory marketing and search it in the whay of the documentswhich were citedtimes by different authors. For this case, two analyzes will be carried out, identifying the most influential papers and authors regarding the subject. The Rank indicator will be considered the most searched and first searched and the Cites indicator the most cited ones. Then a synthesis is made about mar,eting definition of the sensory marketing concept in the main bibliometric analysis documents, which is presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Conceptualization of sensory marketing. After a conceptual analysis, for this work, sensory marketing is defined eafh the tool that allows understanding the influence of the senses, by relating them and integrating them into variables of another nature, in order to provide a comprehensive solution to the consumer in their experience related to the brand and the products or services that it represents.
Market research is a tool that allows to understand the events related to any marketing variable, whose purpose is to make the best decisions to reduce the risk of failure. It is a tool that is related to different branches of science, such as statistics, sociology and psychology, among others. This concept is defined as: "the identification, collection, analysis and dissemination of information in a systematic fie objective manner, with the purpose of improving the decision-making related to the identification and solution of problems and marketing opportunities" [ 30 ].
In addition to the above, Wnd and Taylor mention that this information is used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems, as well as to generate the marketing process, where auditing plays a predominant role in each of its stages [ 31 ]. For market research, traditional techniques are available questionnaire, focus groups, observation, experimentation, interviews, Delphi method, ethnography, among othersin which there is no brain reading, and those taken from the neurosciences and ifve to marketing, known as neuromarketing, which is defined by an advanced discipline that investigates and studies the brain processes that explain people's behavior and decision-making.
These procedures cover all fields of action of traditional marketing: market intelligence, product and service design, communications, pricing, positioning, branding, targeting, channels and sales [ 32 ]. In addition, Schneider and Woolgar state in [ 33 ] that neuromarketing is a relatively new form of market research and consumer-related processes, which applies neuroscience to marketing using brain images or measurement technology to anticipate the consumer's response to products, packaging or advertising.
For the applied work a conceptual analysis is carried out and five 5 market research techniques are used, two of the traditional research questionnaire and observationand three of the neuromarketing Electroencephalogram or EEG, Eye Tracking and Explsinfor the evaluation of elements that impact the experience of consumption of facial creams for women.
In addition, two observation sessions were developed in two commercial areas, where the behavior of the buyers compared to the elements of the atmosphere was studied. Regarding the use of neuromarketing, the experience of the consumers was evaluated with two products of the category of different brand to establish comparisons through the FaceReader and the EEG, where cognitive aspects and specific emotions, produced by sensory stimuli are analyzed; in addition, through the Eye Tracking and the FacerReader, tje impact and visual attention of the elements of the same commercial previously evaluated through the questionnaire is analyzed.
Based on the research work, where tools of a conceptual and practical nature are used and applied, it is necessary to:. Traditional research techniques explain, cpncepts and deepen some results offered by neuromarketing and vice versa. It is possible to identify the differences between the rational and emotional responses of the consumer. The impact on the senses through stimuli should be analyzed taking into account other factors such as cultural, social, psychological and personal.
Through neuromarketing it is possible to identify specific emotions generated by a given stimulus. Below is the graphic abd Fig. Source: The wach. Figure 1 Methodology for the analysis and measurement marmeting sensory marketing integrated to consumer experiences. In turn, the stimuli and senses that will impact the consumer's experience are identified, which is conditioned by cultural factors, such as the cultural level, the subculture and the social class; social factors, such as what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each groups, consumption roles and status; personal factors, such as age and phase of the life cycle, lifestyle, occupation, economic circumstance and personality; and psychological what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each, such as motivation, learning, attitudes and perception.
This experience is defined by the generation of cognitive aspects, impact and attention, specific emotions and the elements provided for the rational argumentation of the consumer about the situation. Then, these variables are measured, for the first ones, the electroencephalogram and eye tracking are carried out; to identify specific emotions which can be positive or negative the FaceReader is used; and for argumentation or rational responses, traditional market research methods are performed.
Afterwards, the analysis of the results for each one of the types of measurement is developed, and finally the results are what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each, comparisons, differences and explanatory relationships are established to exlain answers, which allows to identify in which aspects dissonance is presented and relates and explains phenomena based on the results of the measurement of other types of variables.
Then the comparison of the results obtained with respect to the expected results 55 made and work on the modification of elements, in favor of the construction of more effective consumer experience strategies is done. It is worth noting that the model can be worked for the design stage of marketing strategies, where the measurement is made in a test stage marksting in execution as a follow-up. It is important to clarify that the previous model contemplates a series of dimensions inherent in the nature of the fivve being, the experience with the environment, learning and the elements what is the difference between a romantic relationship and friendship define it; starting from a set of stimuli, which generate responses of cognitive and rational and emotional nature, which for this cocnepts and research are related to consumer actions and purchasing decisions, where the wjat are the basis for the formation of concepts, ideas and understanding of elements received from the outside world.
The activation of the senses is always present in consumer experiences, however, generally when designing marketing strategies, it is not established as a basic element of influence, nor does it provide a specific function to this. Sensory marketing is of utmost importance, because through a proper delimitation what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each the senses and a correct choice and evaluation of the physical and conceptual elements to be used it is possible to contribute to the generation of memorable experiences.
For the above to be possible, it is necessary to work and establish elements at the design stage of the strategy such as the objective of the strategy, the senses that will be activated, conceptw expected response, consumer relations with the environment and the role of the product that represents the brand. On the other hand, the main weakness of sensory marketing is that it cannot be worked in isolation, that is, the activation of the senses can bring different responses for different consumers, and the stimulus can invite the consumer to a certain action.
In this type of actions other elements must be contemplated, such as impact, interest, past experiences, beliefs, rational response, among others; that is, the stimulus can be the center and starting point of the action, but the experiential strategy must be integral. For future research it is recommended to work fjve the analysis of the cross-modality of the senses, to establish patterns of impact and influence among them within the framework of a specific experience, developing methodological solutions to identify the contribution and variation of responses in one direction, when there is activation of others; and the weight of each of the senses in the consumer's response in a multi-sensory experience.
Modality: Unique modality. Call of Colciencias for national doctorates Distribución y consumo, 65, pp. Theoria, 15 2[ Links ]. Paidós, Ediciones Deusto, Bilbao, España, Revista Entelequia, 14, pp. Decimocuarta Edición, Mercados de consumo y comportamiento de compra de los consumidores, pp. How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty?. Journal of marketing, 73 3pp. DOI: Journal of Marketing Management, 25pp. Journal of Marketing Management, 15pp.
DOI: [ Links ]. Journal of retailing, 49 4pp. Food Quality and Preference, 19 8pp. In: Sensory marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp. European Business Review, 23 3what are the five 5 marketing concepts and explain each. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22 3pp. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24 2pp. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 14, pp. Current Opinion in Psychology, 10, pp.
International Journal of Research in Finance and Marketing, 7 5pp. Ediciones Granica SA, How to cite: Rodas-Areiza, J. DYNA, 85pp. ORCID: She is currently a full professor at the Departamento de Ingeniería de la Organización de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Services on Demand Journal. Concepgs Methodological proposal for the analysis and measurement of sensory marketing integrated to the consumer experience.
Abstract Purpose - Through a literature review, evidence was found of the importance of sensory stimulation related to consumer experience processes, when analyzed together with variables of another nature. Resumen Propósito - Mediante una revisión de literatura, se encontró evidencia de la importancia de la estimulación de los sentidos relacionada con los procesos de experiencia del consumidor, al ser analizados junto con variables de otra naturaleza.
Introduction In a changing and dynamic market, in which "competition has hardened and, therefore, the alternatives available to the customer to make purchases, now increased by information and communication technologies, retailers have strived and strive to conquer the consumer" [ 1 ], it becomes necessary, "the orientation to the market and the convergence of relational marketing in the business strategy based on customer relationship management" [ 2 ]; which are translated into an integration by the consumer towards the company and its processes, which is worked by Kotler, within the framework of the concept of co-creation [ 3 ], or as proposed by Rodas and Cervantes, a two-way marketing, where the starting point is the consumers knowledge through analysis and understanding of their motivations, desires and needs [ 4 ].
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