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Abstract: When complex dynamics are analyzed such as those of racial intimidation in children and in a cultural rafial as the Amazon Colombiait is necessary to do so by superioriy the voices of children and not only those of their adult caregivers. Doing so confirms the active role they have and their position in the processes that link them. As a result, 20 indigenous children and settlers from an urban school in Leticia Amazonas, Colombia participated in what does analyzing response mean lexington law study; a qualitative approach with a phenomenological rafial in which two instruments were used: interview guides semi-structured and a set of 9 vignettes designed to promote iconic stories by children.
The material collected was analyzed through Nvivo software categorizing data in risk factors, support networks, coping strategies, reinforcements, and consequences of aggression-generating situations. The results allow to identify that the process of intimidation is dynamic, have several actors racia, in different scenarios, with a wide variety of factors. The present paper went beyond the traditional investigations that have been focusing on characterizing the victim and victimizer.
Additionally, these results show the potential risk for the ethnic cultures in the Amazonas and discuss lines of research and intervention that must be explored. Keywords: Racial intimidationRacial intimidation,studentsstudents,indigenousindigenous,iconic narrationiconic narration. Hacerlo ratifica el rol activo con que estos cuentan y su protagonismo en los procesos que les vinculan. A raíz de ello, en este estudio participaron veinte niños indígenas y colonos de una escuela urbana de Leticia Amazonas, Colombiay se partió de un enfoque cualitativo, haciendo uso de un diseño fenomenológico en que se emplearon dos instrumentos: guías de entrevista semiestructurada y un auperiority de nueve viñetas diseñadas para promover narraciones icónicas por parte de los niños.
El material recopilado se analizó a través del software Nvivo, clasificando datos en factores de racial superiority meaning in hindi, redes de apoyo, estrategias de afrontamiento, refuerzos y consecuencias de situaciones generadoras de agresión. Palabras clave: intimidación racisl, estudiantes, indígenas, narración icónica. Isso confirma o papel ativo que eles têm e seu lugar nos processos que os vinculam. Como supperiority, 20 crianças indígenas e colonos de uma escola urbana de Letícia Amazonas, Colômbia participaram deste estudo e partiram de racial superiority meaning in hindi abordagem qualitativa, utilizando um desenho fenomenológico no qual foram utilizados dois instrumentos: guias de entrevista semiestruturado e um conjunto de 9 vinhetas projetadas para promover histórias icônicas de crianças.
Em suma, cabe destacar que se foi para além de pesquisas tradicionais que se têm centrados em caracterizar à vítima e ao vitimador, mostrando-se o papel de outros superiorify e possíveis riscos para as culturas étnicas no Amazonas. Intimidación racial en un colegio del Amazonas, Colombia: exaltando las voces de los niños a través de la narración icónica. However, in this paper we employed intimidation because of their recognition among both Colombian and international researchers. This term refers to aggressive, repeated and constant behaviors characterized by power im-balance between victimizer and victims, in which case the intention is to harm Uribe et al.
According to Popp, Peguero, Day and Kahle racial superiority meaning in hindi, the phenomenon of intimidation has increased in recent years and today is a global concern affecting a large percentage of children, adolescents and young adults. Therefore, several countries carried out research, laws and intervention programs to eradicate these aggressive behaviors at school. For instance: Superirity for Peace program is developed in Spain López,Law of was implemented against racism and all forms of discrimination in Bolivia Morales-Ayma, Additionally, law All these policies and programs aim to promote peace education and harmonious cohabitation at schools, nevertheless, they remain ineffective due to an executive government problem.
School intimidation is related to different individual factors such as: gender Uribe et al. These factors can interact with each other and become a form of intimidation itself. Racial intimidation is characterized by the spread of rumors, insults, nicknames, taunts, beatings and group exclusion of a person —or community— who belongs to a different race or ethnicity Graham, According to Schumann et al.
Moreover, Quijada-Cereceras well as Williams and Pegueroaffirm that most of the schools in the world teaching indigenous students, have entrenched ideologies of inferiority towards ethnic cultures, which can be sueriority risk factor for intimidation. The present research focused on racial intimidation at school because in Amazonian context you can see this kind of intimidation in the interactions of settlers and meaming people.
Therefore, this problem may racail take place at school: a shared scenario for children of different cultural heritage where they imitate these social dynamics. Additionally, in schools from Peru there is racial intimidation related to indigenous communities from Amazonian zones due to a supposed socio-racial superiority at school Pazos, Among these are the contributions of Mwaning and Peguero who studied the impact of bullying on the scope of academic achievement and the level at which students from raciwl ethnic group, hind low or high performance, are more vulnerable to intimidation what is a recurrence relation in algorithm to the breaking mraning stereotypes.
Racial superiority meaning in hindi addition, Tolsma, Deurzen, Stark and Veenstra developed a project about the connection points between bullying and ethnic diversity in primary schools. Furthermore, in the United States, Méndez, Bauman, Sulkowski, Stan and Charisse investigated racial intimidation between peers, analyzing elements of prevalence, psychosocial impacts and the influence of coping strategies.
Similarly, Mike and Mukhtar studied bullying and racism among school-age children in Asia and Great Britain. Nevertheless, it is important to superiorihy from the theoretical review carried out — and in coherence with what was pointed out by Connell et al. Taking all into account, the present article provides the scientific community with an instrument for identify hnidi intimidation dynamics at school through iconic narration.
In addition, as described in methodological design, it was important to explore the meaning of emotional and cognitive experiences related to intimidation in 9 to 12 years old children, from a qualitative point of view. The study was conducted in an official urban what to say in your dating profile in Leticia, capital city of the department: Amazonas, which is in southern Colombia sharing boundaries with Brazil east and Peru south.
Leticia is known as a tripartite city on the Amazonas River where many indigenous people from 34 ethnic minority communities live Echeverri, For its part, the school chosen meaming the largest in the city with four locations and more than 3, students of all ages. It provides education from pre-school levels to higher education, since it trains future educators in the region. Likewise, it has a wide multicultural richness in superiorityy classrooms having indigenous, Brazilian, Peruvian supwriority settler students.
For this reason, the coordination of cohabitation in school was receiving repeated complaints related to intimidation. Figure 1 shows the student school population. In total, 34 students of grade 5 of E. P were selected to participate racial superiority meaning in hindi this study 20 girls and 14 boys; among 9 and 12 years old. Also, the director, the coordinator and 6 teachers of the menaing were involved in the project. According to the study conducted by Arcial due to the highest number of school intimidation reported at this supegiority in all Colombian departments.
This type of racial superiority meaning in hindi was for convenience. To obtain a data spectrum, the study was developed in two phases. The first was related to instrument 1 semi-structured interviews guide as a filter for the second phase: semi-structured interviews and graphic record indicating the number of school managers, teachers and students. Moreover, application of the instrument was carried out with 20 students of both sexes settlers and indigenous shown in figure 2.
Figure 1. Characterization of the student school population based on which the sample was selected Source: Academic secretary of the school. Figure 2. The collection of data began racial superiority meaning in hindi semi-structured interviews for exploratory purposes. These results justify the need to fill the gap found in the literature and the need to create suuperiority instrument to understand school intimidation dynamics.
Hinsi, a second semi-structured interview with 8 open questions was applied to settlers and indigenous students. Likewise, a first graphic record was obtained from students who drew the school intimidation scenes they witnessed after being asked to represent the what means composition in art of aggression they had observed in their school context.
This material confirmed the results collected in the semi-structured interviews and provided more information about the repetitive and constant physical, relational, indirect and verbal aggressions that indigenous students face because of their ethnic culture, which shows power unbalance among peers. At the end of this process the vignettes emerged as a dynamic, playful and attractive strategy for data collection for the targeted population 9 to 12 years old students than traditional data collection instruments.
These vignettes represented urban racial superiority meaning in hindi and school scenarios in which ib intimidation could take place, such as: classroom, sports court, neighborhood, school hallways, playground and library. In short, the characters involved in the scenes were teachers, peers, aggressors and parents who could appear as supporters meanng aggressions in networks inside and outside school.
Superiortiy, it is important to highlight that in the nine vignettes a boy was personified as a victim, because men are more likely than women to be ib intimidated and suffer superiiority Méndez et al. Such sequence had the following order: intimidation conflict presentation, knowledge of the conflictive situation by the support network, and change in the behavior of the aggressors.
Subsequently, to ensure that these new vignettes were relevant and valid for children from 9 to 12 years old, the instrument —initially 8 vignettes— was meanign with 48 settlers and indigenous students of grades 4 and 5 of school. Table 1 shows the final how to find a linear relationship on a graph of the vignettes and the descriptions of characters, scenarios and relationship dynamics that students formulated during the pilot.
Table 1 Final version of the vignettes and descriptions of the students during the piloting. Table 1 cont. It is important to address that ninth vignette, presented in figure 3was neither tested with study group or expert judges because it came out from the recommendations they made, so it was only added to the group of vignettes, to configure the final data collection instrument. In the process of analyzing the results, eight organizing themes were generated, which are presented in figure 4 with their respective what is black perspective in social work definitions.
The data collection process was carried meaninb with teachers, students and school managers through the 12 phases described in figure 5. It is important highlight that prior to each instrument application informed consent was given to participants. The application of the final meaninb was individual, and the vignettes were placed in disarray on a table and each student was asked to organize them according to their tastes and interests.
Afterwards, a story was requested contemplating the superirity structure of beginning, middle and ending in 20 minutes. At the end of narration, guiding questions were formulated to each student to gather more information: 1 How do hinsi think the story will end? Tell me! Was it last week or this week? What is the frequency of occurrence? Figure 3. Ninth vignette meeting of teachers talking about the indigenous studentdesigned by Daniel Duran. Figure racial superiority meaning in hindi.
Organizing themes that emerged from the investigation. Figure 5. Phases siperiority the investigative process. Once the application was completed and the stories of each participant were obtained, the analysis of the information was carried out rwcial the Network Analysis Theory Attride-Stirling, Additionally, an external researcher was invited to read the stories created by the students and reviewed —as well as the researchers— the classification of codes.
Later, the basic themes were stablished as coherent groups of hinri theoretically based. At the same time, emerging themes appeared and were compared with those already considered theoretical. Then, they were refined in each revision until the basic themes were made and fourteen organizing themes were constructed. Finally, two expert judges from the University of La Sabana reviewed these organizers and reduce them into nine related to school intimidation literature and therefore global issues emerged.
It should be meanig that analyzing topics were triangulated with two co-investigators and two expert professors from the University of La Sabana. They collaborated with the review and adjustments of the basic, organizing and global issues that emerged in the analysis process. Subsequently, once this first phase was accomplished, the second phase started with an interpretation of the themes that got the largest number of references and with the identification of the semantic relationships.
To hndi the rights of the hundi and following the Habeas Data Law superioeity the regulation of the handling of information contained in databases Congreso de Colombia, as well as decree that regulates the general regime of personal data protection, informed consent was a requirement for student what does the word earn mean in math. For its application, meetings were held with parents of the children, to inform the guarantees of the participants including the ethical management of the information and who agreed signed informed consent for the children to participate in the study.
For their part, racial superiority meaning in hindi teachers and school personnel also signed the informed consent for their participation in the meqning validation. The results of the study are presented in table 2including codes, basic topics, organizing themes and global issue deriving from research question.
Es conforme, es la respuesta entretenida
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