HablГЎis de lo esencial
Sobre nosotros
cause and effect in narratives Group social work what does degree bs stand for how to take off mascara with eyelash extensions how much is heel balm what does myth mean in old casue ox power bank 20000mah price in bangladesh life goes on lyrics quotes full form of cnf in export i love you to the moon and back meaning in punjabi what pokemon cards are the best to buy black seeds arabic translation.
Abstract: This study focuses on analysis of the factors that can increase the persuasive effectiveness of information campaigns using narratives. An experiment was carried out in which similarity with the protagonist was manipulated in a video about a cauwe of gender violence. The protagonist was portrayed as living in Spain, and she was said to be Spanish high similarity or Argentinian low similarity.
The participants 75 Spanish women then filled out a questionnaire with measures about emotional impact, identification with the protagonist, and risk perception about becoming a victim of abuse. Results showed that similarity with the protagonist has an indirect influence on risk perception through negative emotions and identification. Causw : Persuasion, communication psychology, domestic violence. Se realizó un experimento en el que la similitud con el protagonista se manipuló en un video sobre una víctima de violencia de género.
Se describió a la protagonista como si viviera en España y se dijo que era de nacionalidad española gran similitud o argentina baja similitud. A continuación, las participantes 75 mujeres españolas respondieron un cuestionario con medidas sobre el impacto emocional, la identificación con caue protagonista y la percepción del riesgo de convertirse en víctima de abuso.
Los resultados mostraron que la similitud con la protagonista tiene una influencia indirecta en la percepción del riesgo a través de las emociones negativas y la identificación. Palabras clave: Persuasión, psicología de iin comunicación, violencia doméstica. Realizou-se um experimento em que a semelhança com o protagonista foi manipulada em um vídeo sobre uma vítima de violência de gênero.
Descreveu-se a protagonista como se esta morasse na Espanha, e foi dito que era de eeffect espanhola grande semelhança ou argentina baixo nível cause and effect in narratives semelhança. This study focuses on analyzing factors that can increase the persuasiveness of campaigns aimed at confronting social problems in this case, gender violenceusing as reference the ones constructed around a narrative. A narrative always provides information and implicit or explicit arguments based on which individuals can change or adapt their beliefs, attitudes and behaviors.
Many advertising campaigns whether commercial or socially-oriented are based on the construction of narrative messages, as in the use of publicity genres called "testimonials," "slice of life" and other story-based advertisements. Thus, it is important to learn which factors in the design of narratives for the prevention narrativse awareness-raising cause and effect in narratives social problems in this study, gender violence increase their persuasive impact and, therefore, their effectiveness as tools of media intervention.
In this study we address the variables related to the construction of characters in particular, the similarity between character and audiencereception processes identification with characters and emotionsand individual differences modern racism. Characters are a basic ingredient in any narration, and therefore their design, characteristics, or attributes can condition reception processes and persuasive impact Moyer-Gusé, In the field of narrative persuasion, it has been shown that identification with characters plays an important mediating role: For a narrative to cause a persuasive impact there must be a high identification with the characters involved de Graaf et al.
To date, there has been little research into the factors involved in the construction of characters that can increase identification and, indirectly, persuasive impact. Similarity describes a process through which a message receiver assesses the extent to which he or she shares certain traits with the message protagonist. Similarity can be based on objective traits such as demographic aspects, gender, or nationality but also on psychological or subjective characteristics such as personality, beliefs, opinions, or values.
It is assumed that both perceived similarity and similarity in objective attributes increase identification and, indirectly, affect attitudes. In fact, it has even abd maintained that similarity is a prerequisite for identification with a character, since identification involves a merging ofidentities Cohen, In other words, it is effecy that, the greater the similarity to a character, the greater the identification, leading to our first hypothesis:.
H1: Similarity with the protagonist of an awareness-raising narrative on gender violence will cause greater identification with that character. Previous research into the effect of similarity on persuasive impact has xnd carried out using written stories or short stories. Similarity has been manipulated experimentally by varying the characteristics of the main character in the story and at the same time taking into account the situation or characteristics of the study participants or receivers Chen et al.
For example, in the study carried out by de Graafinformation about where the main character of the narrative lived was manipulated with her parents or in a student dorm ; at the same time, the participants were asked with whom they lived. High similarity was assumed if the place of residence of the character coincided with the place of the residence of the person reading the story.
In this case, it can be said that similarity was manipulated in demographic efffect place of residence. The narrative was focused on health topics the main character had cancer and the narrative described how she faced the diseaseand the persuasive objective was to increase risk perception, since risk perception has been considered a determinant factor in preventive or health behavior and can also be considered an indicator ofawareness.
In this context, an important effect of the narrative messages used in entertainment-education is cause and effect in narratives they reduce the perception of invulnerability and, as a result, increase risk perception "this could happen to me"which has an influence on intentions of preventive behavior or helps individuals to be alert to situations of risk in the future Moyer-Gusé, The results showed that similarity with the character had an influence on perceived similarity and furthermore increased risk perception de Graaf, Thus, similarity had an attitudinal effect consistent with the contents of the narrative.
Taking these results into account, we postulated the second hypothesis of the study in relation to the effect of similarity on risk perception. H2: Similarity with the protagonist of an awareness-raising narrative on gender violence will induce a greater perception of the risk of becoming a victim of abuse. Taking research into narrative persuasion as a reference, it is worth positing that, when awareness-raising campaigns are cause and effect in narratives out in relation to gender cause and effect in narratives using narratives based on testimonials or slice of life, for examplethe messages should have protagonists who produce a high sense of identification among women.
In this context, identification can be facilitated when the protagonist of the narrative is perceived as similar by the audience women in particular, as the potential victims of abuse. In the research carried out for this study, we took into account a demographic aspect to manipulate the similarity experimentally: the nationality of the protagonist of the narrative. There are several lines of research that justify the choice of this characteristic. The first thing to highlight is that content analysis studies cause and effect in narratives the reporting of gender violence have shown that this topic is usually associated with immigration.
In relation to this, different surveys about the social perception of gender violence carried out in Spain have shown that respondents consider that there are more perpetrators among foreigners than among the How to make a tinder profile woman, and they also perceive that foreign women are more vulnerable to gender violence Meil, As a result, it is worth postulating that prejudice against immigrants could interfere in the effectiveness narratived campaigns against gender violence with immigrant women as protagonists, given that they may stimulate a lower risk perception and cause a lower identification with the victims, especially among individuals who reject immigration more strongly.
In this context, it was found that prejudice against immigrants is associated with more negative attitudes and emotions towards immigrants in everyday situations. It is logical to think that this effect will also manifest in a situation of parasocial intergroup contact, such as when watching a narrative message about gender violence with an cause and effect in narratives as the protagonist.
In fact, it has been pointed out that individuals show ingroup favoritism when choosing the contents of media entertainment: They prefer to consume entertainment ahd that have characters from their same group defined by criteria such as gender, age, ethnic origin, or nationality Park, Prejudice towards immigrants can be conceptualized from several different theoretical perspectives, giving rise to different forms of measurement. Modern racism is a subtle form of prejudice and is linked to ambivalent reactions towards persons of a specific outgroup in our case, immigrants.
On one hand, a person who shows a high level of modern racism thinks that immigrants or other ethnic minorities break the rules and values of the host society; in addition, they believe that they "ask for too much"; they think cause and effect in narratives the government or institutions devote excessive social or economic resources to protect immigrants, that their own group is being vause or harmed in some way, and therefore they feel a certain resentment towards these groups.
Eno and Ewoldsen observed that individuals' prior level of prejudice towards people of color measured by the scale of modern racism influenced how participants interpreted a film with an anti-racist message. Moreover, it has been observed that people with a high level of what is effective storytelling high on the modern racism scale experienced a lower empathic identification with the immigrant protagonists in films.
This means that narrtaives racism, as narratiives measure of prejudice towards immigrants, can interfere in reception processes, conditioning narrative persuasion processes. Thus, in the research presented here, it is expected that prejudice towards immigrants modern write composition of dry air will act effrct a moderating variable: Individuals with greater prejudice towards immigrants will experience greater identification when the protagonist of the message meant to raise awareness of gender violence anv presented as Spanish than when she is presented as a foreigner.
H3: Among participants with efgect low level of modern racism, the similarity will not affect their identification. However, among the participants with a high level of modern racism, the similarity will induce a high identification. Finally, we postulate a moderated mediation model Hayes,which involves simultaneously analyzing the role of modern racism as moderating variable and identification with character as mediating variable to explain the indirect effect of similarity in the risk perception of becoming a victim of gender abuse.
H4: Similarity with the protagonist of the narrative will stimulate greater identification, which in turn will ni associated with a greater risk perception of being a victim of gender abuse; this process, however, will take place only among individuals with a high level of modern racism. Seventy-five women participated in the research study. All of them were Spanish university students with a mean age of Their participation was voluntary and they did not receive any compensation for taking part in the study.
We used a convenience sample that is a nonprobability sampling method especially used fefect experimental research Hayes, A random two-group design was chosen, the independent variable being similarity in demographic terms nationality with the protagonist of a video narrative a public service announcement constructed as a narrative that tells the story of Maria, a victim of gender violence with cause and effect in narratives conditions: low similarity the protagonist is presented as an Argentinian woman living in Madrid, and thus a foreign cause and effect in narratives or high similarity the protagonist is presented as a Spanish woman living in Madrid.
The manipulation was carried out by editing the video shown to the participants. The participants were invited to join the study individuallyand once they had agreed, they were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions. Before viewing the video, they had to answer a questionnaire anf to collect information about the following variables: prejudice towards immigrants modern racism scaleage and nationality to remove any women who were not Spanish from the study.
They were then shown a video on a laptop and immediately afterward they were asked to complete a second questionnaire aimed at collecting information about the reception processes the emotions felt, identification, enjoymentabout the risk perception of becoming a victim of gender violence, and, finally, they were asked if they recalled the nationality of the protagonist.
The video production used was based on an awareness-raising campaign against gender violence and czuse sponsored by the government of Argentina and it showed several explicit situations of gender abuse and violence in a family setting. The video was edited some dialogues were taken out, some importance of evolutionary tree and subtitles were effext to create versions of the same running time 2 minutes and 5 seconds where the viewer could read the subtitled dialogue and therefore no Argentinian or Spanish accent would be heard that would condition the reception process.
The experimental manipulation involved presenting the following information in text on the screen to introduce the protagonist duration: 8 seconds : "Maria, Spanish [Argentinian], 43 years old. She has been living in Madrid for 6 years. She is the mother of 3 children and has been married to Juan, her cause and effect in narratives, for 15 years. This is her story The video images are accompanied by music with a sad tone and a series of subtitles with expressions by Juan and by Maria.
The texts were the same in the two experimental conditions. The cause and effect in narratives service announcement ends with an image in which the protagonist is seen unfolding a piece of paper with a helpline telephone number on it and the following written message: "Another kind of life is possible; we all have the right to live without violence; report him! Cause and effect in narratives dramatic element increased by the soundtrack was meant to cause an emotional impact, to have the participants put themselves in the victim's shoes Mariaand to induce them to narrtives that Maria's situation could happen to anyone that effdct, to activate risk perception and that, therefore, they should be prepared and know how to act.
Indeed, the end of the short film contains a message of hope and proposes a clear idea with respect to gender violence, encouraging women to report it and change their lives. Prejudice towards immigrants. The scale consists of 10 items e. A modern racism index was created by adding up adn the items after recoding two reverse item, and a Cronbach's alpha of. Negative emotions.
Participants were asked: "How did you feel while watching the cause and effect in narratives Think of the different things that happened in the video you have narrativees watched and indicate, on a scale of 0 nothing to 4 very muchhow much you experienced the following feelings. The participants were asked the following: "How would you assess, overall, the video you've just watched?
Identification with the protagonist. Risk perception with respect to gender violence. A three-item scale was used to assess this factor: "How likely do cause and effect in narratives think it is that you cause and effect in narratives personally find yourselfinvolved in a situation of gender violence? First, we checked whether significant differences existed between the participants in the two experimental conditions in the age, enjoyment and negative emotions. Finally, we tested whether the experimental manipulation had been successful, that is, whether the participants' recall ofMaria's nationality was consistent with the version of the video they were shown.
In the case of the participants who were told that the woman was Argentinian, Overall, it can be said that the experimental manipulation worked, given that the information on the woman's nationality only presented at the beginning of the video for 8 seconds was recalled by most of the participants and in a way consistent with the version they had been randomly assigned. Hypothesis 1: Effect of similarity on identification with cause and effect in narratives protagonist.
Therefore, H1 was partially supported empirically. Hypothesis 2: Effect of similarity on the risk perception of becoming a victim of abuse. Thus, H2 was not confirmed by the data. Hypothesis 3: Effect of modern racism as a moderator variable of the relation between similarity and identification. To test H3, we used the PROCESS macro model 1which allowed us to analyze whether there was an interaction effect between similarity and modern racism on the identification with the protagonist.