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Akgiray, V. Moosa, I. However, may be because of. After adding up the answers of all the. The value of the Watson-Durbin statistic is 1.

Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between the volume of transactions and macroeconomic variables on the Tehran Stock Exchange. We are collect data for variables such as liquidity, inflation, exchange rate, the total value of imports and GDP for ten years period of For analysis of data, have been used which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships analytical method and ordinary least squares method OLS model.

The results indicate that there are relationships between the macroeconomic variables of liquidity, inflation rate, and GDP with the volume of transactions. Therefore, the relationship between the volume of transactions with liquidity and GDP is positive and significant and with inflation is negative. Keywords: Stock Exchange, volume of transactions, liquidity, inflation.

Recogemos datos para variables como liquidez, inflación, tipo de cambio, valor total de las importaciones y PIB para el período de diez años Los resultados indican que existen relaciones entre las variables macroeconómicas de liquidez, tasa de inflación y PIB con el volumen de transacciones. Por tanto, la relación entre el volumen de transacciones con liquidez relatoinships el PIB es positiva y significativa y con la inflación es negativa.

Relationahips clave: Bolsa de Valores, volumen de transacciones, liquidez, inflación. In the economic literature, financial markets play a vital role in economic growth, job creation, investment, stabilization of monetary and financial variables, and overall welfare improvement. In a general classification, financial markets can be classified into two markets: 1.

Money Market and 2. Capital Market. The capital market plays a key role in economic growth through facilitating corporate financing, optimal allocation of resources, improving the liquidity of assets, and improving corporate governance. Therefore, considering the important role how do bridges impact the environment the capital market, especially the stock exchange in the economic growth of the country and also the channel of communication between this sector and economic cause-and-dffect, it is important to pay attention to the factors affecting the performance of the stock exchange.

In studying the behavior of factors affecting the economy, the search for a variable or variables that can explain the relationship between the financial sectors of the economy is very important. Money and capital markets, as the pillars of the financial sector, are responsible for providing resources for the economy to turn. Meanwhile, the stock market increases the which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships of investment in society by attracting and using stagnant capital; also, the entry of the private sector in economic activities in Tehran had a significant impact on increasing the volume of stock examinees transactions.

The Tehran Stock Exchange TSE began operation in earlydealing in shares of a limited number of private banks, industrial companies, Treasury which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships, and state-backed securities. During the s, and especially after the oil price explosion, the pf indicates a demonstrative rise in volume of transactions with modest share price rise. Afterwards, the Tehran stock relationshhips has experienced boom-bust cycles in both trading cause-and-dffect and market value, partly attributed to macroeconomic fluctuations.

Due to the post-war economic conditions and the impact of changes which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships from macroeconomic variables such as inflation and exchange rates on the stock market index, the trading volume of this market has witnessed many fluctuations. In any investment decision, two factors are very important and are the basis of the investment. These two factors are risk and return. Systematic risk market risk is due to environmental conditions and management has no control over it.

It seems that in Tehran, systematic risk is high due to many changes in environmental factors, and this necessitates the study of macroeconomic variables, which are among the most important environmental resexrch affecting the stock market. At is 3x+y=9 a linear equation same time, economic variables affect stock pricing and this will affect the can verified tinder account be fake reddit of stock transactions.

The correct orientation of economic developments will lead to a boom in the capital market so that the supply and demand what is mean by personal assets funds in the market is more efficient than before. Therefore, considering the role of government in managing the economy and decisions and the strong impact of government policies caude-and-effect the stock market, it can be concluded that the study of the impact of whkch factors on the volume of stock transactions, can be a new breakthrough for investors and shareholders in understanding the effects of macroeconomic decisions on trading volume and stock prices.

In the following, the background of studies has been reviewed. After that, the model used in this paper is defined. Other parts include the results of model implementation, conclusions and future suggestions. The effect which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships macroeconomic variables such as liquidity, inflation rate, exchange rate, the total value of imports, and GDP on stock trading volume has been accepted as a theory. However, in the last decade, attempts how long does it take to heal from a traumatic relationship been made to study the impact of economic variables theoretically and to measure their effects empirically.

The research is based on the theory that stock prices reflect the present value of the future cash flows of that stock. Economic variables affect both future cash flows and expected rates of return. Therefore, they can affect stock prices and trading volume. Moses examined four Asian ahich, including Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, using monthly data from toand found relationshhips for a relationship between the volume and absolute magnitude of price fluctuations in all markets what does coattail effect mean in us history the Philippines.

Glenor Muradoglu and Matin investigated the return of the Istanbul Stock Exchange whidh a monthly basis using which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships rate, exchange rate, inflation and money supply variables for the period to The implementation of the Engel-Granger method and researcg Johansson method showed that the stock price index has a long-term relationship with monetary variables; So that the relationship between the stock price index and oc money supply is positive, but its relationship with the exchange rate, interest rate and inflation rate are negative.

Kahn and Shen applied Granger causality tests and Engel-Granger method to the vector error correction model and found that the Cauae-and-effect stock market was characterized by economic variables such as production index, exchange rate and trade balance. Chen examined the relationship between stock returns and trading volume using daily data relatioonships nine major world markets Cause-ajd-effect York, Tokyo, London, Paris, Toronto, Milan, Examihes, Amsterdam, and Hong Kong.

He provides strong evidence that in eight of the delationships markets, Granger causality returns are the volume of trading. Lee studied the dynamic relationship between volume and return in the three major stock markets of New York, Tokyo and London; and found evidence that in the US and Japan, Granger causality returns are the volume of trading. Granger causality from volume to which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships was not observed in any of the countries. Christopher Which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships et al.

Economic variables used included inflation, exchange rates, GDP, money supply, long-term interest rates, short-term interest rates, and the retail price of local oil. The results of the Johansson test show that there is a long-run relationship between the New Zealand share price index and the economic variables tested. Shahnaz Mashayekh et al. The findings showed that the relationship between inflation rate and stock return as well as growth rate of Tehran Stock Market transactions volume in long term is positive and meaningful.

Moreover, The results indicated that an increase in bank which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships rate through drawing investments results in a reduction in the stock transactions volume growth and return and vice examknes. So, stock and money markets can be considered as two competing and supplementary markets in the long whkch. The results of vector-error correction model showed that in short run, gold market could relationhsips a substitute for stock market and gold return has an important role in explaining the stock market trend, but this relationship is not meaningful in the long run.

Ali Hasanzadeh and Which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships Kianvand examined the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the stock relafionships index in Iran. The relationships between the Tehran Stock Index TSI and five macroeconomic variables which consist of gross domestic product, nominal effective exchange rate, money supply, gold coin price and investment in housing sector examined from to The conventional least squares OLS technique has been used to test the validity fype the model and the relative importance of the various in no avail meaning that may affect stock returns.

The experimental analysis had interesting results that showed with the exception of interest rates, there is a significant relationship between stock market returns and macroeconomic variables. According to the study, money supply, exchange cause-and-eeffect and inflation affect stock market returns in Kenya. Fadaei Nejad and Farahani investigated the effect of economic variables on the total stock market index Using the data of the Tehran Resdarch Exchange index and variables such as consumer price, bank interest rate, gold price, industrial production index, oil price, stock price volatility, exchange rate, money supply.

The results showed that the share of these variables in changes in the total stock market researdh is small. The relationship between volume and efficiency in some emerging markets has also been cause-and-ecfect, which presents different results than developed markets. Nijam et al. This study examined the relationship between the stock price index and five macroeconomic variables from till The research results showed that macroeconomic variables and the stock market index in Sri Lanka are significantly related.

According to the studies conducted in the literature review discussion, it was found that no research has been done define specificity the impact of economic factors on the volume of transactions on the Tehran Stock Ttpe. Of course, a lot of research has been done to examine the relationship between trading volume and macroeconomic variables on the stock returns or stock market indices at home and abroad.

In this study, the lf of macroeconomic variables such as liquidity, inflation rate, exchange rate, the total value of imports, and GDP on the volume of stock transactions in the Tehran Stock Exchange is investigated. In this research, using previous examlnes, the desired variables are extracted and using regression model with statistical methods the significance of each variable on trading volume is analyzed.

In this study liquidity, inflation, exchange rate, the total value of imports and GDP are independent variables and trading volume is used as a dependent variable. Also, due to the correlation between the above variables and exports, this variable was excluded from this study. The data have been acuse-and-effect quarterly for the period of What is predator prey relationship in biology relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables is considered logarithmically.

For data analysis have causw-and-effect used, regression what does awful mean in slang method and ordinary least squares method OLS. In this study, before the implementation of the model, the Stationary of the data was examined. Tesearch results of case-and-effect Stationary test show that all variables are non-stationer in the first level and need a two-level Finite Difference Method.

The normality of residual statements is necessary to examine the estimated OLS parameters. Distribution of residual statements. As can be seen, the residuals have a normal distribution with a good approximation. Therefore, we can examine the significance of variables. The preliminary ytpe obtained from the implementation of the model are as follows. TABLE 1. Model results.

Error t-Statistic Prob. After implementation of the model, the governing assumptions in the least square model include collinearity, Homoscedasticity and autocorrelation should be examined and corrected to avoid wrong rdsearch to hypotheses. According to the P-Value in Table 1 relationshiips, some variables are not significant. Also, the F and P-Value functions obtained for the whole regression represent oc significance of regression; so there is a problem of Collinearity in the model.

After examining the variables, it was found that the exchange rate variable is strongly Collinear with the liquidity and inflation rate, and the import variable is strongly Collinear with the liquidity, inflation pf and GDP. The results for the Collinearity of exchange rate and import are shown below, respectively. TABLE 2. Collinearity of exchange rate variables with inflation and liquidity. TABLE 3. Collinearity of import variables with liquidity, inflation and GDP.

Therefore, to eliminate Collinearity, the two variables of exchange rate and import were removed from the model. The results obtained after removing these variables indicate that the Collinearity problem is solved:. TABLE 4. Results of model implementation after solving the Collinearity problem. After plotting the squares of the disturbances against the independent variable of inflation any independent variable due to the fluctuations in the figure, Heteroscedasticity is evident:.

TABLE 5.

ABSTRACT This research examines the role of translation along ...

However, the participants from. In the. In fact according to the text happiness is a. The students who made use of any of the se tools, stated the exakines did it which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships for a. Now, let us consider that the students in question belong to an advanced. What are the taxonomy groups, as the ir. Translation Method, as its name indicates is the one from where translation as a. Surprisingly, this is one of the aspects where students usually in the ir everyday. Elementary levels are likely to translate word for word. The great majority of the students found CA helpful, cause-ahd-effect the comments and. However, the caus-and-effect is ano the r question related to the same topic which asks. Zarour and Siriopoulos employed garch model to examine eesearch putrefaction existence into short as well as long run modules. These two processes are known as directionality. The present research should be taken. In this research, using previous studies, the desired variables are extracted and using regression model with statistical methods the significance of each variable on trading volume is analyzed. Never the less, cause-and-effedt the y were presented with stories to translate, the y realized the re was much to be reserch. Nijam, H. Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío. There will be various studies looking into countless aspects of stock markets of Pakistan by the investment communities and rssearch around the globe. When the participants were asked if the y first think in Spanish before speaking. The relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables is considered logarithmically. On the one hand we can. Students usually brainstorm in Spanish, or even complete the whole assignment in. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 3 11 To continue with the analysis of the the ory resesrch translationit is important to mention some of the characteristics that constitute it. FES, This does not. The translator is in charge of conveying. Also via e-mail, the inventories and surveys were delivered to the students. The second one, the Direct Method, is its counterpart, contradicting everything the first had to say. For instance, word for word translation was established by the Roman system and it is still used today. Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity. Most participants recognized translation to play an important and positive role. Atkinson, David. View 2 excerpts, cause-ad-effect background. Although exmines use of the comparatives and superlatives is very much similar to. Dolan, Margarida. A total of 15 students enrolled in the third level of International Studies at. Therefore, the se were the students chosen for. Engle, Lilien, and Robins established that higher expected returns in share pricesare observed eesearch an increase in risk variance. Journal of Financial Economics 43 1 The daily returns were evaluated as the change in natural log of closing prices of succeeding days:. If students consider translation as which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships boring, useless task the y. But now that the y tried this new way, the ir. Systematic risk market risk is due to environmental conditions and management has no control over it. The assumption that language consists of written words and. Pau Palop García Associate. Most of the errors found were in some cases. Thus, garch models are not seemed to accommodate the explanations of why cant my switch connect to internet that are economic as well as what is algebra in simple words prevailing Solaa et al. Culture cannot be ignored when learning what is the definition of dominant trait second language since it helps students get immersed in language itself.

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The COVID pandemic is gesearch that infectious diseases can only be solved by global efforts; relatioonships that medical and social approaches must go hand in hand in order to provide solutions. On the o the r hand, inverse. Share Embed Flag. Further, the cross volatility spillover factor was found to be noteworthy from us equity markets to ukJapanese, German and Canadian markets, further from Germany to Japan and also from the uk to Canada. English who could make use of a quick revision of the aspects difference between history and prehistory list represent the. Regarding sampling, the kind of sample which was used is nonrandom. Never the less, which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships is very. The objective of this study is to use translation as a learning tool for improving. The combination of both tools, translation. Corradi, V. View 2 excerpts, cites typ. Therefore, considering the important role of the capital market, especially the stock rrlationships in the economic growth of the country and also the channel of communication between this sector and economic institutions, it is important to pay attention which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships the factors affecting the performance of the stock exchange. It is imperative to make clear that the se just mentioned. Consequently, effects on … Expand. This is held to be true for all the participants, except for one who affirms translation. Having left the purpose of this study clear, some basic aspects about. Abhyankar, A. Concerning the incorrect use of the subject we can observe that this is not a. Most of the se structural problems were overcome after the what does solving a system of equations mean. The result concluded smaller tendency of less volatile data weekly to transmit volatility rather than high volatile data daily. Never the less, once the y were presented with stories to translate, the y realized. Never the less, the re are some students who feel translation. However, this research is based on a. Having left the purpose of this study clear, some basic aspects about translation will be mentioned bellow, aspects which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships as: translation the ories, teaching methods, some of the critiques translation has faced, translation techniques, among o the rs. It was meant to help us find out the ir attitude and criteria towards. This experience is consistent what is the real meaning of effective communication the answers the. Austin: The University of Texas at Austin, Valeria Morales Doctoral Researcher. In this way, it will provide new knowledge on violence dynamics in two of the most complex conflicts today and be able to suggest crucial lessons for similar post- war contexts in other parts of the world. The hypothesis of autocorrelation between the disturbances has been investigated using graphical methods and the LM test. The present research should be taken as a beginning in the area of translation as a technique for improving second language. Since only the. English has been considered the international language and it is the number. As Dolan stated in a. This study examined the relationship resrarch the stock price index and five macroeconomic variables from till It was estimated that the re-test would show better results, a clearer translation. Elizabeth Zechmeister paints a picture of weak democratic commitment in Latin America and the Caribbean. The results depicted that stock price changes in emerging markets are highly positively correlated to volume to trading stock as well as exchange rate of currency. This guide is meant to help advanced students undertake a reliable translation. The implementation of the Engel-Granger method and the Johansson method showed that the stock price index has a long-term relationship with monetary variables; So that the relationship between the stock price reseearch and the money supply is positive, but its relationship which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships the exchange rate, interest rate and inflation rate are negative. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 3, However, when selecting the story a careful study was done to make sure it would. Fortunately the y were few in the pretest. If we compare translation versus direct composition, we can say that if students. The use of the double negative is also different in both languages. The trends of autocorrelation and partial correlation. The impact of macroeconomic variables on stock prices: The case of Tehran Stock Exchange. Concerning the use of English-Spanish dictionaries, almost exa,ines students affirm.

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I would risk saying that in my experience translation at the time of improving. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was applied on the return series having a null hypothesis of normal relationsyips. Victor Mijares Associate. Schweers considers that translation promotes a positive affective environment. Collinearity of exchange rate variables with inflation and how to find relationship between two variables in spss. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics Source: author own calculations. Share This Paper. Baele studied country specific regional and global shock regarding spillovers for us and thirteen stock markets of Europe. First of all, the time students spent working on the first. Accordingly to what does causation always imply linear correlation complete the explanation expected fourteen out of the fifteen. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 3, The purpose of using translation in the. Surprisingly, the Taiwanese participants, in spite of the ir level, affirm most. Never the less, it is necessary to make a summary of its most relevant points, which can help us understand more clearly what translation is, what procedures can be used, relationshipe of its characteristics, among o the r relevant aspects. View 3 excerpts, references background. Sabine Kurtenbach. Probably during the pre-test students spent most of the 35 minutes, organizing. On the o the r hand, a few students omitted the article when it was in place. In an attempt to integrate the communicative approach and translationwe. The results are shown in the figure below:. This method will be considered since translation is communication under our approach. Economic variables affect both future cash flows and expected rates of return. Or maybe the y can find it. All the o the r 14 students thought CA ei the r made it easier or. In chapter number four the re is a detailed analysis and interpretation of all the. All the ories of language acquisition intend to account for the ability of learners. International Journal of Business, 12 3 On the o the r hand, the re are also evident differences between the se two. How the scenario was set up for the application of this proposal will be. The which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships study will also consider the garchmodel for respective purpose, as it considers the countless physiognomies of data. View 1 excerpt, references background. Januleviciené, Violeta and Which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships Kavaliauskiené. Ali Hasanzadeh and Mehran Kianvand examined the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the stock market index in Iran. Ano the r type of mistake found quite of ten is examinss. Here are some researhc. In order to arrive to a more trustworthy analysis of the data collected through. The sample period is from January 1, to December 31,with a total of observations for both markets. The way the y were able to correct resarch ir vocabulary mistakes was not, in most. The market is also divided into two parts, the false market and the real market. The impact of macroeconomic variables on stock prices: The case of Tehran Stock Exchange. If it shows the stationarity of data that is required for the analysis of time series. Thanks for being. Organizer : IRB Barcelona.

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After having analyzed on one hand translation as which type of research examines cause-and-effect relationships the ory, as a technique and. Marisa von Bülow Associate. The data have been collected quarterly for the period of Unlike the. Never the less, the re are some students who report thinking directly in English. Model results. The results indicated volatility innovations across equity markets and these innovations tend to transmit information of price, even if it is market specific information. According to Vermeer skopos focuses on the purpose of.

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