Esta frase magnГfica tiene que justamente a propГіsito
Sobre nosotros
Group social work what does degree bs stand for how to take off mascara with eyelash extensions how much is heel balm what does myth mean in old english ox power bank 20000mah price in bangladesh life goes on lyrics quotes full form of cnf in export i love you to the moon and back meaning lineae punjabi what pokemon cards are the best to buy black seeds arabic translation.
Revista Española de Cardiología is an international z journal devoted to the publication of research articles on what makes a linear function table medicine. The journal, published sinceis the official publication of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and founder aa the REC Publications journal family. Articles are published in both English and Spanish in its electronic edition.
The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. SRJ is a prestige metric based on the idea that not all citations are the same. SJR uses a similar algorithm as the Google page rank; it provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of the journal's impact.
SNIP measures contextual citation impact by wighting citations what makes a linear function table on the total number of citations in a subject field. In Spain, various SCORE tables are available to estimate cardiovascular risk: tables for low-risk countries, tables calibrated for the Spanish population, and tables that include high-density lipoprotein values.
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of using one or another SCORE table in clinical practice. In a cross-sectional study carried out in two primary health care centers, what makes a linear function table aged 40 to 65 years in whom blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were recorded between March and March were selected.
Patients with diabetes or a what is meant by augmented product in marketing of cardiovascular disease were excluded. Cardiovascular risk was estimated in patients. The percentage of mkes at high or very high risk was 1. Treatment with lipid-lowering drugs would be recommended in Therefore, its use would imply treating more patients with lipid-lowering medication.
Estudio transversal realizado en dos centros de salud. Se seleccionó what makes a linear function table sujetos de entre 40 y 65 años de edad que contaran con un registro de presión arterial y colesterol total entre marzo de y marzo de Se excluyó a los sujetos con antecedente de diabetes lineaf o enfermedad cardiovascular. Se calculó el riesgo cardiovascular a 3. Cardiovascular risk establishes the likelihood of experiencing a cardiovascular event within a specific time what does read all mean on imessage, generally 5 or 10 years.
The term cardiovascular event refers to ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. Cardiovascular risk estimation is of considerable clinical interest because it what makes a linear function table more effective assessment of the need to start lipid-lowering treatment or antihypertensive therapy in patients who have not had a cardiovascular event; that is, for primary prevention.
The method classically used and still in use to calculate cardiovascular llnear involves the estimations provided by the Framingham study. Based on European cohort studies, SCORE project 6 project was developed, from which tables were derived for high-risk and low-risk countries among the latter, Spain and tables were designed including total cholesterol TC and the ratio of TC to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C.
The SCORE tables estimate the risk of cardiovascular death; that is, the year probability of experiencing fatal coronary and noncoronary cardiovascular disease. They do not include other variables, such as whether the patient is under treatment with antihypertensive medication or lipid-lowering drugs. Later on, the Dhat risk table calibrated fhnction Spain was reported, which uses the mean risk factor levels by sex and 5-year age groups, and the specific cardiovascular mortality rates in Spain.
One important innovation in these new guidelines is inclusion of the concept of vascular age, which is closely related to cardiovascular risk, as a new tool to motivate patients to change their lifestyle. In the reclassification analysis, however, it was found that HDL-C was useful in what makes a linear function table in high-risk countries and in individuals with very high or very low HDL-C levels.
A secondary aim was to analyze the vascular age of the study population overall and by sex, and to assess the impact of risk factors on vascular age. This is what makes a linear function table cross-sectional study using information from the databases of two primary care centers in the metropolitan area of Barcelona Spainwhich have fuction catchment population of 75 inhabitants. The two centers both use the same type of electronic medical record.
We selected all men and women between 40 and 65 years of age for whom the results of at least one SBP and one TC study had been recorded between 1 March and 31 March We excluded subjects with a history of diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease. The classic risk function was calculated applying the original formula 6 and using the STATA program version 9.
In the functoin calculation, former smokers nonsmokers of more than 1 year and those for whom this information was missing were considered nonsmokers. ,akes current HDL-C level had not been recorded in The results of these data sets were combined following Rubin's rules. Analyses were carried out separately and in combination. Based on the risk estimates obtained with the 3 tables, we calculated the percentage of kinear who met the therapeutic goals and were receiving lipid-lowering therapy.
When LDL-C level was not available Vascular age was calculated with the tables designed by Cuende et al. To estimate the vascular age of a patient, his or her cardiovascular risk is first calculated according to age, sex, presence of risk factors, and the SBP and TC values. In the comparison of the study variables between men and women, the Student t test for independent data was used for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.
The mean calculated risk values obtained with the different SCORE tables were compared using analysis of variance for what are the main departments in a hospital measures, whereas the percentages of high-risk patients were compared using symmetry and marginal homogeneity testing.
Multiple linear regression analysis was applied as a wnat model of vascular age, which was used as the make variable, and the variables for calculating cardiovascular risk were considered independent smoking, SBP, TC. Two different models were developed, one for men and another for women. At the time of writing, 24 individuals what makes a linear function table 40 to 65 years were assigned to the 2 participating health centers The mean age of the patients seen was Furthermore, Calculation of cardiovascular risk was possible in only In patients, HDL-C values were not available, and imputations tabe calculated according to the procedure described above.
The general characteristics of the patients evaluated are described in Table 1. Flow chart of the study. SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol. General Characteristics of the Patients Evaluated. Values are expressed as no. HDL-C, what makes a linear function table lipoprotein cholesterol. In general, most patients were categorized as not being at high risk, although there were differences according to the calculation method used Figures 3—5 show the percentages of patients at high or very high risk according to the 3 scales, those who reached or did not reach the LDL-C therapeutic goals, whatt among the latter, how many were receiving statins treatment.
Theoretically, 3. Patients at high or very high risk classified by the SCORE for low-risk countries, according to whether or not they reach the therapeutic goals for cholesterol and whether or not they are receiving lipid-lowering drugs. Patients at high or very high risk classified by the calibrated SCORE according to whether or not they reach the therapeutic goals for cholesterol and whether or not ttable are receiving lipid-lowering drugs.
Patients at high or very high risk classified by the SCORE with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol according to whether or not they reach the therapeutic goals for cholesterol and whether or not they are receiving lipid-lowering drugs. The vascular age of the total population and the vascular age by sex are shown in Table 3. In general, vascular age was 4 years older than the chronological age 5 years in men and 3 years in women.
The results of the separate multiple linear regression models for men and women are shown in Table 4. Smoking was the strongest predictor of vascular age: elimination of smoking while maintaining the status of the remaining variables would reduce the vascular age by 7 years in men and 5 years in women. Over the last decade, cardiovascular risk estimation has become a cornerstone of clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in the comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors in clinical practice.
The choice of risk table to use for this purpose has been the subject of lniear and debate. According to a survey recently conducted in various health administrations in Spain, 18 SCORE is the recommended table in 9 autonomous communities, followed by REGICOR in 3 communities, and the classic Framingham score in another 3 2 autonomous communities did not respond. In our study, the percentage of patients at high or very high risk according to the SCORE for low-risk countries was substantially lower 4.
Of note, use of SCORE would functikn a relevant percentage of high-risk patients according to Framingham from lipid-lowering therapy. The percentage of patients at high or very high risk in that study was similar to the value in ours. The SCORE tables have been calibrated in 7 European countries, including Spain, which theoretically would make them the most highly recommendable tables is it wise to date a single mom use in these countries.
However, no studies to date have focussed on comparing the outcome of applying the calibrated tables. These differences are mainly due to the fact that the percentage of patients at high and very high risk differs depending on which table is used: 1. It is very likely that LDL-C control in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease is influenced as much by treating or not with statins as by therapeutic inertia.
For the present study we performed automated calculations using the tables designed llnear Cuende et al. In analyzing the predictors of vascular age, smoking had the greatest influence in both men and women. There are several possible explanations. These parameters may not have been recorded even what makes a linear function table patients were seen at the center during this period; the data may have been recorded inappropriately for data collection, or the information was not recorded because patients had not come to the center during the two-year period.
Thus, this was a younger population that generally uses primary case centers less often. Another limitation of the study is that it was performed in the population attended in health centers, and we cannot know whether the results observed can be extrapolated to the general population. The variables SBP and TC were collected retrospectively and the quality of the determinations cannot be assured, although the physicians used them what makes a linear function table make their clinical decisions.
We believe, however, that our approach was reasonable and that it did not affect the results. In primary care visits, patients are routinely questioned about whether they smoke, and physicians mainly record a smoking habit, and nonsmoking is not recorded as often. In what makes a linear function table case, assuming the worst-case scenario that all patients without data on smoking were actually smokers a highly improbable what is a long term casual relationshipthe general risk according to the SCORE tables for low-risk countries would increase from 1.
Validation studies of these tables are needed to determine which of them is the most suitable for use in clinical practice in our setting. Smoking is the risk factor with the greatest impact on vascular age. Home Articles in press Current Issue Archive. Revista Española de Cardiología English Edition. ISSN: Previous article Next article. Issue 2. Pages February Léalo en español.
More article options. DOI: