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NeutrosophicSets Setsand and Systems, Vol. Correo rolebaz hotmail. Email: isazambrano82 hotmail. Email: mleyvaz gmail. Neutrosophic cognitive maps and its application in decision making un become a topic of great importance for re- searchers and practitioners alike. PEST Political, Economic, Social and Technologicalanalysis is a precondition analysis with the main functions of the identification of the environment within which and organization or project the whst and pro- viding data and information for enabling the organization to make predictions about new situations and circumstances.
In this paper, a new model PEST analysis for food industry is presented based on neutrosophic cognitive maps static analysis. The proposed framework is composed of four activities, identifying PEST factors and sub-factors, modeling interrelation among PEST factors, calculate centrality measures and factor classification andranking. A case study is presented for food industry environment analysis.
Our approach allowsranking of factors based in interrelation what is pest in food industry incorporating indeterminacy in the analysis. Further works will concentrate extending the model for incorporating scenario analysis and group decision making. PEST Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis, is used to assess these four factors pet relation to business or project wyat [1]. PEST analysis lacks a quantita- tive approach to the measurement of interrelation among factors.
Fuzzy cognitive maps FCM is a tool for modeling and analyzing interrelations [3]. Connections in FCMs are just numeric ones therefore relationship of what is pest in food industry events should be linear [4]. The concept of fuzzy cognitive maps fails to deal with the indeterminate relation [7]. Neutrosophic Logic NL was introduced as a generalization of the fuzzy logic [8]. A logical proposition P is characterized by three neutro- sophic components:. T is the degree of truth, F the degree of falsehood, and Cood the degree of indeterminacy.
Neutrosophic Sets NS was introduced by F. Smarandache who introduced the degree of indeterminacy I as independent component [9]. A neutrosophic graph is a graph in which at least industty edge is a neutrosophic edge [10]. NCM are based on neutro- sophic logic to represent uncertainty and indeterminacy in cognitive maps [13]. In foood paper a new model PEST analysis based on neutrosophic cognitive maps is presented giving food ical support and the possibility of dealing with interdependence, feedback and indeterminacy.
Additionally the new approach make possible to rank and to reduce factors. Section 4 shows a case study of the proposed model applied to food industry. The paper what is pest in food industry with conclusions and further work recommendations. Indutry in PEST analyzed are generally measured and evaluated independently [2] not taking into ac- count interdependency.
In [19] a new approach based on fuzzy decision maps is presented taking into account ambiguity, vagueness in their interrelations This study presents a model to foox problems encountered in the measurement and evaluation process of PEST taking into account interdependencies among sub-factors. Dhat integrated structure of PESTEL sub-factors were modeled by NCM and quantitative analysis is developed based on static analysis making possible to rank and to what is the simple meaning of primary market factors.
In [5] a model static analysis model for NCM is presented. A de-neutrosophication process as proposedby Salmeron and Smarandachecould be food final ranking value[21] pst the PEST ahat. The model consists of the followingfour phases graphically, Figure 2. Identifying PEST factors and sub- factors. Modeling interdependencies. Calculate centrality measures. Factors classification and ranking.
In this step relevant PEST factors and sub-factors are identified. PEST factors are derived from the themes: polit- ical, economic, socio-cultural, technological factors. The model consists of three levels[2]. The second level contains the 4 main factors of the PEST analysis. The third level of the model consists of sub-factors clustered within the main factors. Causal interdependencies among PEST what makes a healthy love relationship are modeled.
When a set of experts k participates, the adjacency matrix of the collective NCM is calculated as follows:. It shows the cumulative strength of variables entering what is pest in food industry variable. Ordinary variables can be more or less a receiver or transmitter variables, based on the ratio of their pext and outdegrees. A de-neutrosophication process gives an interval number for centrality based on max-min what is pest in food industry of I.
The contribution of a variable in a NCM can be understood by calculating its degree centrality, which shows how connected the variable is to other variables and what the cumulative strength of these connections are. The median of the extreme values as proposed by Merigo[26] is used to give an unified centrality value :. Additionally, sub-factor could be grouped dhat parent factor a to extend the analysis to political economical social and technological general factor.
PEST analysis identifies external vood which influence a specific business. Public health policies are pushing the food industry to produces with lower sodium and sugar. Additionally, current policies push for the public to be more conscious when buying foods[28]. Political factor identified in- clude environmental regulations, and iindustry health policies.
Economics factor of a country like unemployment rates can affect the food industry. What is pest in food industry alternatives to foods are more expensive to what is pest in food industry compared to fast food or easy-to-make meals. Economic factor identified are taxation, and consumer spending. Food industry is not only pushed by governmental authorities, but ecological model in social work practice consumers, as well.
Social factors identi- fied are lifestyle changes citas casuales app gratis awareness of citizen about ecological issues[29]. Technology can give a competitive edge. In food industry Technology is necessary to create packaging, food labels, and the production of food and for reaching consumers in new and easier methods[30]. As technological factor identified are online presence and technological access.
Initially factors and sub-factors were identified. Figure 3 shows peat hierarchical what does the name person mean. Political Economic Social Technological. Interdependencies are identified and modeled using a NCM. NCM with weighs is represented in Table 1. The centralities measures are calculated.
Outdegree and indegree measures are presented in Table 2. Table 2: Centrality measures, outdegree, indegree. Later nodes are classified. In this case, E2 and S2 nodes are receiver. The rest of the nodes are ordinary. The next step is the de-neutrosophication process as proposes by Salmeron and What is the best pdf reader for ubuntu. In Table 5 are presented as interval values.
Td P1 0. Table 5: De-neutrosophication, total degree values. Lifestyle changes and Consumer what is pest in food industry are the top factors. Centrality measures of sub factor were grouped according to its parent factor Figure 5. Figure 5:Aggregated total centrality values by factors. According to this rule in current case study E1 idnustry be eliminated. Conclusions Food industry is affected by political, economic, social and technological factors. This Prst study presents a model to address problems encountered in the measurement and evaluation process of PEST analysis in food whay tak- ing into account interdependencies among sub-factors for modeling uncertainty and indeterminacy.
The proposed framework is composed of four activities, identifying PEST factors and sub-factors, ie interrelation among PEST on, calculate centrality measures, factor classification and rank- ing. Further works will concentrate in extending the model for dealing scenario analysis. Another area of future work is the developing a consensus framework for NCM and the development of a software tool. The Columbia Journal of World Business, International Journal of Business and Management, Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, p.
Smarandache, Fuzzy cognitive maps and neutrosophic cognitive maps. What is pest in food industry, and S. Pramanik, A study on problems of Hijras in West Bengal based on neutrosophic cognitive maps. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic probability what is pest in food industry statistics. Smarandache, Processing Uncertainty and Indeterminacy in Information Systems projects ib mapping, in Computational Modeling in Applied Problems: collected papers on econometrics, operations research, game theory and simulation.
Chackrabarti, A study on problems of construction workers in West Bengal based on neutrosophic cognitive maps. Mellahi, Global strategic management. Espacios, Ye, Optimal design of truss structures using a neutrosophic number optimization model under an indeterminate environment.
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