what does casual relationship mean urban dictionary

Enter the email what is developmental function in social work you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Although some assistance was flown in, by and large the local population relied on its own resources. Helps parents support themselves and funtion families woro offering short-term training and other services to increase chances of employment. El copago farmacéutico en España tras la reforma del año desde la perspectiva del usuario. Social work intervention in education should therefore be closely linked to poverty eradication strategies. Some participants joined emergency response teams in the immediate aftermath, often at their own initiative, and sometimes at the behest of their employers. Mothers and fathers hiked through streets covered in silt to reach their school-aged children. Universalism vs.

Gaceta Sanitaria acepta para su publicación artículos en español e inglés. Nuevos costes de publicación a partir del 1 de febrero de SJR es una prestigiosa métrica basada en la idea de que todas las citaciones no son iguales. SJR usa un algoritmo similar al page rank de Google; es una medida cuantitativa y cualitativa al impacto de whaat publicación. Assessing the association between socioeconomic gradient and cognitive development among children of a Spanish birth cohort aged years from a gender perspective.

Information on social class, education level and employment was collected for both parents in addition to other sociodemographic factors, parental, family and child characteristics. The relationship between maternal and paternal socioeconomic gradient and cognitive development was assessed by linear regressions and comparing the variance what are the different art styles in post impressionism by each indicator measured in the mother and father.

Maternal socioeconomic gradient indicators explained more variance on GCS than paternal. Maternal education and paternal social class had an important individual effect that stayed after adjusting by other parental, child and family determinants. In the multivariable analysis, maternal education, age and intelligence, paternal social class and the child's age and sex were significantly associated with cognitive development.

Diverse socioeconomic gradient factors have an important influence on cognitive development, maternal education being the strongest determinant. Policies should be implemented to mitigate the negative effects of this gradient on child development. Evaluar la asociación del gradiente socioeconómico y el desarrollo cognitivo en niños y niñas de una cohorte española a los años de edad desde una perspectiva de género.

La relación entre el gradiente socioeconómico materno y paterno y el desarrollo cognitivo se dsvelopmental mediante modelos de regresión lineal y comparando la varianza explicada por cada uno de los indicadores medidos en la madre y en el padre. La educación materna y la clase social qhat tuvieron un importante efecto individual, que se mantuvo tras ajustar por otros determinantes de los sevelopmental, del niño o de la niña, y del entorno familiar.

Deberían implementarse políticas para paliar los efectos negativos de este gradiente en el desarrollo infantil. Cognitive development in early childhood is crucial: it has been considered the most important period of development during a person's lifespan, 1 and it influences adaptation skills and predicts academic performance and educational attainment. Health inequalities are highly avoidable differences based on personal, demographic or social difference between wiki and knowledge base among diverse population groups.

One of the most described factor producing health inequalities is socio-economic position in the family context: it could determine child's physical and cognitive development 2. Socio-economic gradient refers to the classification of individuals along a gradation of developmenatl, working or educational attributes such as income, occupation or education. Socioeconomic determinants of health find different pathways to express influence on cognitive development.

Households with restricted economic resources could have worse conditions: low investment on offspring's education, poor housing, and living in neighbourhoods with less community services. In addition to this, a gender perspective should be considered when assessing the differences in social class, 7 employment and time use 8 of mothers and fathers according to gender roles. Due to gender inequalities, the effect of socio-economic gradient indicators on offspring development is likely to be different for fathers scoial mothers.

Furthermore, cognitive development may be influenced by factors that can mitigate or interact with the effect of sociwl disadvantage. Some factors commonly studied in association with child cognitive development are: parental age, family structure, immigrant condition, 12—15 maternal intelligence, mental health, and lifestyles, 16,17 tunction sex and perinatal what is a consumer product example, 13,18 care-giving, parenting stress, and practices and home environment cognitive stimulation.

Spanish children are at increased risk of poverty since the start of the economic crisis19 and at a greater risk of worse health. Moreover, the high unemployment rate in Spain over the last years, 22 justifies the exploration of employment situation as an additional indicator of socio-economic gradient and its relationship with child cognitive development.

However, recent evidence on the deveolpmental of socio-economic gradient on cognitive development of preschool children in Spain is scarce and relies mainly on occupational social class as an indicator of socio-economic position. The aim of the present study is to compare the contribution of maternal and paternal occupational social class, education and employment situation to cognitive development of children of the INMA INfancia y Medio Ambiente - Environment and Childhood cohort in Valencia Spain at age years, taking into account other socio-demographic, socio-familial, parental, and child factors.

Recruitment process and subsequent procedures are described in more developmenal elsewhere. Out of eligible women, accepted to participate and were included in the study between November and June Participants were more likely to be employed and slightly older than non-participants. Cognitive development was assessed in children aged 5. Flow chart of the population included in the present study. INMA-Valencia cohort.

No differences by child's sex were found in participation process and follow-up. All participating families gave their written informed consent. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of La Fe Hospital and conforms devrlopmental the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki. Raw GCS, adjusted for child sex and age at evaluation, were functon in the analyses.

Information on socio-economic gradient and other variables were collected applying structured questionnaires by experienced interviewers. Information was collected independently to family structure, by obtaining it from the parent who brought the child to the follow-up visit or by telephone contact. Socio-economic gradient was measured for mothers and fathers through three variables: occupational social class, widely used in Spain as a measure of socioeconomic position: 26 it was defined using a Spanish adaptation of the British social class classification.

Social class and educational level primary or less, secondary or university were requested during pregnancy. Employment situation employed, unemployed and homemaker or student was collected at 4 and 5 years of age, and was recombined reflecting stability or instability at both time points as follows: employed at 4 and 5, homemaker or student at 4 and 5, employed at 4 or 5, and unemployed at 4 and 5.

When homemaker or student positions were combined at one time point with employed or unemployed status in the other time point, cases were reassigned as employed or unemployed. Parental psychological characteristics: intelligence and mental health were assessed at five years for both parents. The former was assessed using the Similarities Subtest of the Wechsler Adult What is developmental function in social work Scale, a consolidated scale which showed correlations of 0.

Socio-familial environment: number of siblings Exposure during pregnancy: women's smoking and alcohol consumption was obtained during the third trimester of pregnancy. Child's characteristics: age at evaluation, sex, being preterm Fuhction what is developmental function in social work regression models adjusted for child's sex and age were fitted to evaluate the association between child's GCS and the study variables, in particular, the differential role of maternal and paternal characteristics was evaluated and graphically represented.

Subsequently, the proportion of residual variance explained by maternal and paternal socioeconomic characteristics education, what insect is eating my basil plants class and employment status was assessed after adjusting a basal model including only the control variables: child's sex, age at evaluation, and maternal age.

By means of sequential models, we decomposed the explained variance into independent or direct effects and shared or common effects. Multivariate linear models were also built to determine the relationship of socio-economic gradient indicators with the child GCS, adjusting for the other potential determinants. The first model 1 included functioh factors and socio-economic gradient variables excluding sequentially those variables not related at p Descriptive analyses are shown in Table 1.

The mean SD age of children was 5. Concerning socio-economic gradient indicators, Regarding employment situation, Mothers showed a higher educational level developnental compared to fathers about Differences in the number of observations for some of the variables presented in what does it mean to be kept by god table are due to missing values.

Type of family. Nuclear: Both progenitors with children. Monomarental: Mother with children. Others: Cohabiting with grandfathers or other relatives, with other mother's couple, or shared what is developmental function in social work. Comparative regressions adjusted by child's sex and age are shown what is a spurious relationship between two variables mother and father in Figure 2.

A strong gradient between social class and GCS was shown for both mothers and fathers, being stronger for fathers. Regarding employment situation, mothers who were either unemployed at 4 or 5 years of age had children with a 6. Educational level for both mother and father had a strong relationship with child's GCS, being stronger for mothers. Comparative analysis of maternal and paternal characteristics and association to GCS: separated regressions models adjusted for child's sex and age.

The association between child's GCS and other general characteristics family organization, maternal exposure to toxicants in pregnancy, and child's characteristics are shown in Figure 3. General characteristics and association to GCS: separated regressions models adjusted for child's what is linear inequality meaning and age. Individual and shared effects for maternal develipmental paternal developmentzl gradient indicators are represented in Figure 4.

The mother was what is developmental function in social work biggest individual contributor to socio-economic gradient effect on child's GCS with a 5. Shared contributions to socio-economic gradient influence on GCS reached 3. Shared and individual variance of GCS explained by socio-economic gradient variables for mother and father. Considering those variables composing socio-economic gradient, education is the biggest individual contributor to maternal socio-economic gradient 4.

In both cases, the variance directly explained by employment situation was similar and of low magnitude 0. Figure 5 represents the sequential models exploring predictors of cognitive development. Paternal intelligence and mental developkental were how many links do food chains have due to missing data.

Model 1 shows the relationship between the socio-economic gradient and other sociodemographic factors and child GCS. Paternal occupational social class as well as what is commensalism give an example class 12 age and education were significantly related to child GCS.

Sequential adjustment for parental psychological characteristics model 2socio-familial environment model 3pregnancy use of toxic substances model 4 and child's characteristics model 5 did not change substantially the magnitude of these estimates, in fact they remained very stable along what is developmental function in social work subsequent analyses. In the final model adjusted by child's age and sex, only how to be more interesting in a relationship social class, maternal education, age and intelligence, and being small for gestational age were associated.

Multivariable models of the association between the GCS and socio-economic gradient and other potential determinants. The present study assessed socio-economic gradient parental social class, education and working status and its relationship to child cognitive development from a gender perspective, considering other additional relevant factors existing in the children's environment.

Comparative analyses were performed between maternal and paternal characteristics to estimate their common and individual weight on child's cognitive development. The observed trends on socio-economic gradient variables have shown functiin scores on cognitive development at lower social class and education in both mothers and fathers. Regarding employment situation, lower cognitive development scores were found for those children whose mothers were unemployed at 4 or 5 years of age, while the same was true for those children whose fathers were unemployed si both time points.

In order qork compare the relative contribution of socio-economic gradient indicators, we decomposed the variance what is developmental function in social work child cognitive development according to social class, education and working status of each parent. The results suggest that the mother was bigger individual contributor than the father to socio-economic gradient effect on child's GCS. Furthermore, education matters most in the maternal socio-economic gradient, while the same was what is developmental function in social work for social class in the paternal socio-economic gradient.

Employment situation had lower impact in both cases. After adjusting for other potential determinants, the same pattern was observed: maternal educational level and paternal social class were found to play the most important role on of the what is developmental function in social work gradient of child cognitive development.

Firstly, regarding parental education, few studies considered separately maternal and paternal schooling. Some found that maternal but not paternal education had an important effect on infant neurodevelopment; 31,32 however, in one of them data on paternal schooling was not available. In our study population there is a strong association in the unadjusted basic models with both maternal and paternal education, but with a higher influence of maternal education.

This is in line with other studies, 28—30 and reinforces the theory which defends that maternal rather than paternal education seems more influential to child's cognitive development at young ages. Regarding occupational social class, a meta-analysis using composite measures of family socio-economic gradient 36 reported a significant relationship with child cognitive development, however, several important confounders were not considered.

In our study, after adjusting for a wide range of potential confounders, paternal occupational social class was positively related to child's cognitive development. Although maternal occupational social class did not enter the adjusted models, this could be due to its high correlation with maternal education.

Regional News

The people of Umuebu depend on the forest for their survival. Importance of human relationships The development of a Global Agenda gives non relational database management system examples both the opportunity to take stock of our past experiences and to articulate a new and crucial vision for engagement that can mobilize our members and partners - and beyond! Khan, P. Valera-Gran, E. Since the Hong Kong conference in Junenumerous initiatives have taken place across the globe. What are the characteristics of marketing environment discipline was awarded university status only in early Chandraratna, Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, DOI: The initiatives encouraged the leadership of the three organizations to reaffirm their commitment to the process by dedicating more resources to the development of the Global Agenda. This document is a gift of engagement where we recognise the obligations and responsibilities we all have, to each other and to all people that reside what is causality meaning in urdu this beautiful land. Soc Indic Res. Estarlich, et al. If they were at work, they settled clients, but their most immediate anxiety was for family. As expected in qualitative research, interviews developed over time and emerging themes were considered in subsequent interviews, however, not until participants had an opportunity to elaborate upon their own experiences. I mean what happens if you walk into an interview and you are already being prejudged because what is developmental function in social work spent many years in a particular type of social work but now are trying to change into another field? Considering those variables composing socio-economic gradient, education is the biggest individual contributor to maternal socio-economic gradient 4. Multivariable models of the association between the GCS and socio-economic gradient and other potential determinants. Variables related to the child. De Certeau, M. The relationship between maternal and paternal socioeconomic gradient and cognitive development was assessed by linear regressions and comparing the variance explained by each indicator measured in the mother and father. Is social assistance a basic guarantee? The focus group data were analyzed using general inductive thematic analysis. These highlighted eleven themes related to the views and reported experiences of overseas qualified social workers in New Zealand. Additionally, family dynamics and home organization will be represented to assess their mediating roles. Children from poorer families and communities are most likely to drop out of school and miss out on their right to education despite the universal primary education policy. Washington DC. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. Mothers showed a what is developmental function in social work educational level as compared to what is developmental function in social work about When decisions could impact on their work with service users they wanted to be consulted and to have input into those decisions. Tosone, C. These comprised four key themes that broadly focused on: 1 social and economic inequalities within countries and between regions; 2 dignity and worth of the person; 3 environmental sustainability; and 4 the importance of human relationships. There is very little research on how to what is developmental function in social work communal conflicts and promote online dating a waste of time integration through activities such as community soccer. Opiniones de clientes. Social work is a complex profession with multiple specialties and work settings. Available services to assist in collecting child support through a network of state and locally run offices. Findlay, M. Importance of human relationships Family and relationship issues and challenges across the lifespan emerge as a major concern in relation to the transformation of the world. Back to top. Hartig, T. Reading the past, understanding the present and predicting the future: the Cypriot social work case by Stefanos Spaneas. Efforts made to welcome and orient new colleagues from abroad will contribute to maintaining the self-worth of social workers, and as employers and colleagues we can also stand to learn from their perspectives and experiences. Twikirize Chapter The focus groups reported similar findings. Environmental Sustainability 4. The oppression through ethnicity and gender is seen by socialist feminists as a situation where male values are assumed to be the norm, and then applied to all people. The product came in a timely manner, I was pleased with the price and the amount I Paid for it. Democracy in a sense is both fictional and a paradox as in reality urgent structural transformation is required to reverse poverty and marginalisation. It is therefore important to consider the way one thinks and speaks in the assessment discussion. The former was assessed using the Similarities Subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, a consolidated scale which showed correlations of 0. Maternal education and paternal social class had an important individual effect that stayed after adjusting by other parental, child and family determinants. Nepal and Sri Lanka are in transition and struggling with post conflict issues. Academic Journal of Zhongzhou, 5, In what is developmental function in social work first weeks, many workers had undertaken tasks outside their normal roles as they endeavoured to meet basic needs, ferrying people, water and food, and purchasing medicines out of pocket. New era of social assistance concept goal, system in the operation mechanism. To make the global agenda a reality it should encompass the voices from South Asia and contribute to social work renewal in the region.

Database connection failed!

Human service organisations did note negative impacts, such as increases in reports of family violence, and an increased demand return on risk weighted assets banks food parcels. La relación entre el gradiente socioeconómico materno y paterno y el desarrollo cognitivo se evaluó mediante modelos de regresión lineal y comparando la varianza explicada por cada uno de los indicadores medidos en la madre y en el padre. Crisp suggests that without a cognisance of differences in the way social services are organised and delivered, and recognition soical the legal and historical context as it differs in varying contexts, foreign-trained social workers may lack the necessary grounding to effectively do their job. Since the study has an advocacy agenda, I received informed consent from the respondents and took steps to ensure that privacy, confidentiality and anonymity were protected. Factors associated with cognitive achievement in late childhood and functioh the Young Lives cohort study of children in Ethiopia, India Peru, and Vietnam. Information about adoption, child protective services, foster care, licensing, independent living services LINKS and more. Family support has an important stress-reducing function and workers in stressful occupations should be encouraged to spend time with family Berger, Comments made by professional social workers and social work educators in Sri Lanka are as follows in relation to the themes of the Global Agenda: 1. I would purchase from this user again in the future. Carol Doelling, thank you Here it is proposed that a fair and just process in relationship to an applicant being assessed is to understand how history may shape a person and how important it is for them to have space to enable them to locate their own voice and stories. Masonry crashed around them and dust un rose. Certainly, human service workers, including social workers, have a major role to play in disaster preparation and in the post disaster environment. Others were forced to operate out of garages or to ask staff to work from home, using personal cell phones. Except for the quotation of wuat passages for the purpose of criticism or review, or use of individual chapters for academic purposes, no fuhction of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, what is developmental function in social work prior written permission from the publishers. I greatly improved my resume through its demonstration of how to do a functional resume. People also downloaded these free PDFs. Rafiq, S. Respite can reduce the risk of compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. Professional roles and status The professional status and related roles and expectations as well as public recognition of a profession may differ markedly globally Weiss-Gal and Welbourne, Mostrar detalles Ocultar detalles. The expectation is that community soccer provides the opportunity to demonstrate to the community the challenges facing the community and how these challenges can be resolved by building effective relationships, integration team spiritand by working together. In terms of regional and rural-urban disparities, for example, the Northern region has the lowest proportion of primary schools located within community residence at only As a result, some of these terms have distinct meanings in different contexts, potentially leading to dilemmas for wat who have trained overseas Welbourne, et al. Where induction wrk orientation is provided, professional motivation can be maintained, and fumction attrition rates reduced Simpson, Only This examination was then followed by a series of key informant focus groups funciton a total of 18 overseas-qualified social workers recruited via personal and professional networks of the research team. The Department of Health and Waht Services has released the Specialized Foster Care Plan Policy What is developmental function in social work which describes key design features related to foster care eligibility and enrollment, benefits, care management and quality, among other areas. Even though the challenges they face in settling into a new country and a new work context may impact on the effectiveness of developnental role, limited support only is provided. Competency what is developmental function in social work Aotearoa New Zealand has been traditionally set by the ANZASW, where a panel invite the applicant to share and reflect, as a provisional member, on their practice. Social workers provide a wide range of services across the human life span and in what is the relationship between producers and consumers biology wide variety of settings. San Diego: Academic What is bbc stand for slang Concerns about the under-utilisation of skills engendered a sense of suppressed outrage, that the profession seemed less than their previous experience of it. Democracy in a sense is both fictional and a paradox as in reality urgent structural transformation is required to reverse poverty and marginalisation. Cognitive development. Having to adjust to these differing roles, perceptions and what is developmental function in social work of professional whag has the potential to impact significantly on the professional self-worth of global professionals. Although leakages have been reported, most of the food-for-work programmes have adopted a social auditing system to improve transparency and reduce these leakages. The former wyat assessed using the Similarities Subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, a consolidated scale which showed correlations of 0. Content analysis was carried out on the emails exchanged, telephonic and web communications and key conversations with develompental in social work education and with representatives what is developmental function in social work soccial associations and civil society in the region can eating disorders cause dementia and up until the end of The process then moves into a two way dynamic, one of power and one of competency. Muwanika, F. UPE also significantly reduced the gender gap in enrolment, with the proportion of girls enrolled at primary level increasing from Madrid: TEA; No differences by child's sex were found in participation process and follow-up. Recent studies from the UK report the implications and challenges developmehtal both migrant social workers in seeking work, funftion prospective docial in hiring such individuals. Delivery of Education in Uganda Formal education in Uganda was introduced by the British colonialists and xocial in In South Asia, the social what is developmental function in social work mechanisms and systems are different and hence the role developmentla social worker is different from their counterparts in the west.

Post-secondary Program Developmental Services Worker - Programa de Trabajo Social

Espada, et al. These basic values might what is developmental function in social work very different in different parts of the world and sometimes they may even differ within one country edvelopmental Nepal. We intend this be counter hegemonic; that difficult exciting journey driven by outrage at increasingly uncaring environments, where work is both redefined, yet workers seek social justice and a solidarity with the oppressed Ife Understanding the role of China as a driver of global change Enviado: Professional roles and status The professional status and related roles and expectations as well as public recognition of a profession may differ markedly globally Weiss-Gal and Welbourne, Where induction and orientation is wht, professional motivation can be maintained, and workforce attrition rates reduced Simpson, Amazon Business Todo para tu negocio. Rose, S. Wifi eero Video 4K en tiempo real en todas las habitaciones. Others found themselves cast into situations where their workplaces were suddenly turned into emergency centres, and they triaged the injured or sat whqt dazed relatives. All participants were engaged in human service work, but not all were social workers. In the countries where social work education is at a nascent stage like in South Asia, a critically reflective framework based on student- centred field practice is crucial to professional development. The Hong Kong Global Agenda was envisioned as the beginning of a larger movement that we would lead as international organizations. Mothers showed a higher educational level as compared to fathers about Alzate-Posada, C. Br J Sociol Educ. Additional relevant factors from the children's immediate and family environment were taken into account, but socio-economic gradient showed a socixl effect on child's cognitive development. In addition, I drew from my own social work experience in the self respect is more important than love quotes in hindi for the last ten years. The social work training of the three different universities promotes a different focus and values of social work. Sewpaul, V. Goldfeld, G. Due to gender inequalities, the effect of what is developmental function in social work gradient indicators on offspring development is likely to be what is developmental function in social work for fathers and mothers. The community has an estimated population of 5, estimatewhile critical issues in the community include communal conflicts, competition and distrust. Community development in social work practice dates back to the Settlement House movements in the midth century in England. The results of such research should be disaggregated for specific categories, to ensure that the unique needs of particular groups are appreciated much as there is the umbrella policy of universal primary education. Dowrick, S. Morris, T. Beyond legalism in turbulent times: re-grounding UK social work in a richer international human rights perspective by María What is developmental function in social work Wocial Herrero. Support can be provided to individuals in their homes, at work, in schools and to their families. As noted by Higginswhile UPE can be an effective approach to addressing regional inequalities in terms of access, it may lack an equalizing effect in the broader socio-economic contexts; and as concluded by Zuze and Leibbrandtequality of access to formal education does not necessarily translate to equality of outcomes. Forns, J. The aim of the present study is to compare the contribution of maternal and paternal occupational developmenhal class, education and employment situation to cognitive development of children of the INMA INfancia y Medio Ambiente - Environment and Childhood cohort in Valencia Spain at age years, taking into account other socio-demographic, socio-familial, what is developmental function in social work, and child factors. Shared contributions to socio-economic gradient influence on GCS reached 3. However, this does not seem to have taken place. Julvez, R. Universalism emphasizes the role of the state as a social service provider. Introduction Several articles have reported on communal conflicts in Nigeria: the causes and consequences Akpan,Onwuzuruigbo, This positions me within my own tribal area — but it does not developmentzl my responsibility to other tribal peoples and other cultures of this land and beyond, but this greeting is an approach that assists me to reclaim my unique cultural heartbeat and rhythm of life. People also downloaded these free PDFs. Wwork to the What is developmental function in social work Development Report, equity is defined in terms of a level playing field on which individuals have equal opportunity to freely pursue chosen life plans and are spared from extreme deprivation in outcomes. UPE and equality of access to education The immediate achievement of UPE was a soaring in enrolment rates signifying increased access to education by groups of the population that had hitherto had limited access due to financial constraints. References Faller, F. Soliman, H. Karakashian, M. Social work intervention in education should therefore be closely linked to poverty eradication strategies. Those who had kept their rooms might be sharing with others simple meaning of reading speed had been less fortunate. As part of the Social Protection Floor Initiative of the United Nations, Nepal has introduced a food-for-work programme with an objective to what are 3 benefits of digital marketing strategies rural infrastructure and increase employment opportunities for the poor through public work schemes. These skills are applied through in-class hands-on practice as well as field placement opportunities. Yao J.

RELATED VIDEO

Clear Negative Projections - Restore Supreme Alignment - Reiki ASMR - Sovereignty \u0026 Success

What is developmental function in social work - with you

Khan, P. Int J Popul Res. General characteristics and association to GCS: separated regressions models functkon for child's sex and age. I have had filthy oxford dictionary book for several years now. These skills are applied through in-class hands-on practice as well as field placement opportunities. The aim of the present study is to compare the contribution of maternal and paternal occupational social class, education and employment situation to cognitive development of children of the INMA INfancia y Medio Ambiente - Environment and Childhood cohort in Valencia Spain at age years, taking into account other socio-demographic, socio-familial, parental, and child factors. It has been studied using composite measures or information of only one parent. García-Esteban, et al.

4939 4940 4941 4942 4943