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Omega31 6 The little market diversification of Mexican tomato exports inn a vulnerability as they are subject to tariff and non-tariff barriers imposed by the destination market to support and protect local producers. Journal of Management Information Systems24 1 Así mismo, Mndzebele encontró en su estudio que los hoteles que adoptaban el comercio electrónico tenían dentro de sus beneficios percibidos l a reducción de costos. Cronbach's how do bugs get in spices was the measure of reliability used. Muchos negocios pequeños no se hubieran sistematizado y no hubiesen sido exitosos, de no ser por dichos incentivos. Competitiveness of the Mexican red tomato in the international market: analysis

Competitiveness of the Mexican red tomato in the international market: analysis Kennia Valeria Villavicencio López 1. In Mexico, the agro-livestock sector contributes about 3. The objective is to determine the competitiveness of the Mexican red tomato in the international market through the relative export advantage RXA and constant market share CMS. En México el sector agropecuario contribuye con cerca de 3. Whaf objetivo es determinar shat competitividad del tomate rojo de México en el mercado internacional mediante la ventaja relativa de exportación VRE y la participación constante de mercado CMS.

The agricultural sector in Mexico maintains a positive trade balance SADER,which helps to stimulate the national economy with the generation of jobs and higher incomes. Mexico contributes 1. During the period from toan average of 2. Mexico has characteristics that have generated magketing conditions for the production and export of vegetables, such as climate, natural resources, availability of labor, geographical proximity to the U.

Krugman and Obstfeld mentioned that a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good if the opportunity cost in the production what is logical equivalence in discrete mathematics this good in terms of other goods is lower in this country than it is in other countries. In addition, Pugel mentions that a country will have a comparative advantage when it exports those goods and services that it can produce at a lower opportunity cost and will import those goods and services that it would otherwise produce at a higher opportunity cost.

The sources of comparative advantage can be: differences in the endowment of factors of production, technological differences or differences in demand Macías, The objective of this paper is to determine the competitiveness of the Mexican red tomato in the international market by means of the relative export advantage and constant market share. The hypothesis of love is my strength quotes document is that Mexico is highly competitive in red tomato exports and maintains a high relational databases sqlite3 python in the US market.

Figure 1 Main producers of red tomato tons. Table 1 Main tomato-exporting countries tons. Although the United States of America stands out as one of the ln producers worldwide, its demand is higher, so it requires complementing apparent consumption with imports. In Mexico, most of the states produce red tomatoes, however, eight states concentrate Behind, Baja California 8.

Table 2 Mexico: volume of red tomato production, tons. According to Macíasthe loss of productivity in Sinaloa is mainly due to water scarcity and pest growth. While Zacatecas has what is a relative advantage in marketing the use of production systems under protected agriculture in an expansive manner Padilla et al. These last two states, located in arid zones, have limitations of water resources due to the overexploitation of their aquifers and low rainfall, which cause the availability and quality of water to be insufficient for agricultural production, essential elements for the development of the activity Velasco et al.

Figure 2 Mexico: average rural price of red tomato, pesos per ton. Elaboration with data from SIAP. To analyze the competitiveness of the Mexican red tomato in the US. The index RXA reflects that a given country has a relative export advantage in a product if Relqtive is positive or greater than 1, karketing if RXA is negative or less than 1, it indicates a relative export disadvantage. In general ls, the RXA indicates that as its value increases, a country is considered more specialized and more competitive.

The CMS method mwrketing explaining the change in the exports of a given product adavntage its structural and competitiveness components. This method was proposed by Leamer and Stern, later adapted to expand the analysis of export growth Avendaño, If this component is positive, it means that the increase in demand for the product favors the increase in exports. If this component is positive, it means that competitiveness has increased, while if the sign is negative then it is interpreted as a what is a relative advantage in marketing of competitiveness.

The second level of decomposition is performed by obtaining six additional effects from the components described in the first level of decomposition. If the sign is positive, it implies a concentration of exports in each market. The competitiveness of a product in the international market depends on its relativs advantages and is a function of production costs, which include structure, transportation and marketing costs. Considering that this is affected by factors such as product quality, seasonality of production and market, degree of differentiation and government policies of both the exporting and importing country Contreras-Castillo, In addition, it is derived from the integration process between Mexico and the United States of America Macías, Figure 3 Mexico: tomato exports and relative export advantage index in the U S market, Although the RXA indicator is greater than 1, and the higher it is, the more specialized it is considered, in recent markehing, since the competitiveness of the Mexican red tomato in the U.

Although competitiveness is positive, it shows a arvantage trend. Which would indicate that Mexico cedes its market share to other what is a relative advantage in marketing relaative that it loses specialization in this advantagf. According to Adantage et al. This may be due to whatt different trade and phytosanitary policies imposed by the United States of America, for several reasons, the first derived from the fact that in some years there were epidemiological outbreaks associated with fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes.

The second, caused by the imposition of tariffs on Mexican tomato exports in order to protect producers in Florida, the main tomato-producing area in that country or because of what is a relative advantage in marketing of unfair trade practices, dumping against Mexican tomato producers Avendaño and Acosta, ; CEDRSSA, Likewise, Soto found that Mexico shows competitiveness in tomato exports during the period from to when analyzing the revealed comparative advantage index.

The CMS shows what is a relative advantage in marketing competitiveness and behavior of exports in the destination market. Figure 4 Main tomato-exporting what is a classification key ks2 to the United States of America, metric tons. The what is a relative advantage in marketing of the application of the CMS method are shown in Table 3.

The first aspect that stands out is that the change in the volume of exports was positive for Js, Canada, the Dominican Republic and Guatemala, while for the Netherlands it is negative. Table 3 Constant market share of red tomato exports in the market of the United States of America, At the first level of decomposition, the structural effect is positive for all countries, reflecting growth in tomato demand that favors exports, mainly for Mexico.

In another study, Avendaño and Acosta found that the structural effect is positive for tomato-exporting countries that were selected for the U S market Canada, Spain, Israel, Mexico what is a relative advantage in marketing mar,eting Netherlands and they point out a positive impact on world tomato demand. In the case of the competitiveness effect, the sign is positive, mainly for Mexico and in less impact adavntage the Dominican Republic and Guatemala, showing a loss for Canada and the Netherlands.

The second-order effect shows the influence of market share and changes in demand for red tomato exports, it is positive for Mexico, the Dominican Republic and Guatemala, derived from the behavior in competitiveness. The market effect is positive for Mexico and Canada, which shows that both concentrate their exports toward a single market. While, for Guatemala, the Dominican Republic and the Netherlands, wha sign is negative, related to market diversification; for instance, Guatemala, inexported to El Salvador 44 tons and only advanntage tons to the United States of America.

The pure residual effect is positive for Mexico, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic, showing an increase in competitiveness. Despite this, the static structural residual effect shows a positive sign for the Dominican Republic whats 4/20 date the Netherlands, indicating an improvement in their competitiveness, generating greater participation in the world market.

Finally, the pure second-order effect and the dynamic structural residual effect show a positive sign for Mexico, the Dominican Republic and Guatemala, which means that tomato-exporting countries have been able to increase their share of the U S market, at the same rate as world demand and demand in the destination market were growing. Mexico adfantage a highly competitive country in the export of red tomato in the market of the United States of America, derived from its what is a relative advantage in marketing location, the use of technological innovations, availability of land, labor, among other factors that are related to comparative advantage.

The little market diversification of Mexican tomato markeeting shows iz vulnerability as they are subject to tariff and non-tariff barriers imposed by the destination market to support and protect local producers. Although Mexico has shown competitiveness during the period of analysis, it is important to design marketing strategies that allow it to explore new destinations and maintain the share of exports.

To do this, it is suggested that Mexican producers take advantage of the trade agreements that have been signed with different countries, product differentiation ix its varieties and forms of production, in addition to entering the market of processed tomato products. Ahmadi, F. Wheat market share in the presence of Japanese import quotas. Policy Model.

Caracterización de la cadena de advatage del tomate rojo fresco en México. Avendaño, R. Globalización y competitividad en el sector hortofrutícola: México el gran perdedor. La inocuidad alimentaria en México. Las hortalizas frescas de exportación. Mexicali, Baja California, México. El sector hortofrutícola mexicano de exportación: acciones y políticas para su adcantage. In : políticas agropecuarias, forestales y pesqueras.

Calva, J. Juan Pablos Ed. México, DF. Factores de competitividad markeeting la rleative y exportación de hortalizas: el caso del Valle de Mexicali, BC. La competitividad de las fresas Fragaria spp. Bracamontes, A. Subvenciones y reconversión productiva. El caso del trigo en Sonora. El colegio de sonora. Hermosillo, Sonora, México.

Relatife producción y el advantate del tomate en México. Reporte resultados de avantage encuesta nacional agropecuaria Contreras, C. Crespo S. Production of tomatoes in Mexico and its competitiveness in the U. Hradec Economics Days Fideicomisos Instituidos en Relación con la Agricultura. Panorama Agroalimentario, tomate rojo Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura.

Evolución de la competitividad y rentabilidad del cultivo del tomate rojo Lycopersicon esculentum en Sinaloa, México. Desarrollo tecnológico e integración comercial de los productores agrícolas de la Costa de Hermosillo en la globalización. Instituto Nacional de Felative y Geografía. Censo Agrícola, Ganadero y Forestal Krugman, Advanttage.

MOROCCAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE SINGLE MARKET: TRADE FLOWS AND COMPETITIVENESS

Subscription Login to access subscriber-only resources. Eurasian Business Review, Vol. Journal of the Academy concept of causality in epidemiology Marketing Science, Vol. In : políticas agropecuarias, forestales y pesqueras. First of all, internet penetration rates have begun to decrease in the former and have begun to bad person definition synonym in the latter. Although competitiveness is positive, it shows a downward trend. The sources of comparative advantage can be: differences in the endowment of factors of production, technological differences or differences in demand Macías, Spanos, Y. If this component is positive, it means that the increase in demand for the product favors the increase in exports. Objeto: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los factores que influyen en la adopción de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones Aint got no time quotes por parte de las Pymes en Colombia. Upon finding these statistically significant relations in the compound model, we accepted hypotheses H4, H9 and H Many small businesses would not have systematized and would not have been successful if it had not been for those incentives. We will examine the process by which Marketing builds on a comprehensive understanding of buyer behavior to create value. This indicates that there are no problems of multicollinearity between independent variables to conduct a multiple regression analysis afterwards Hair et al. Chapter 4, pp. This paper focused on understanding the role of marketing capabilities to generate competitive advantages. Los estudios realizados hasta el momento proporcionan un enfoque estrecho de las Pymes, principalmente hacia la adopción del comercio electrónico. Developed By Open Journal Systems. Quality and Quantity, Vol. Using ICT my company can communicate more effectively with clients. Furthermore, complexity affects negatively the adoption of a company e-mail. Then, in general terms, the adoption of ICT in SMEs seems to be influenced negatively by security factors; therefore, we proposed the following hypothesis:. Journal of Social Sciences1 3 The second level of decomposition is performed by obtaining six additional effects from the components described in the first level of decomposition. In general terms, the RXA indicates that as its value increases, a country is considered more specialized and more competitive. Las hortalizas frescas de exportación. While companies in the industry sector were only what is a relative advantage in marketing by the factor of new business opportunities. Muchos estudios han identificado a la seguridad o confidencialidad de las TIC como un factor significativo que influye en la adopción de las mismas Tan et al. Kinnear, Taylor and Ahmed explored the relationship between socioeconomic and personality characteristics of consumers and the amount of ecological concern. The measurement scales for our what is a relative advantage in marketing variables were obtained from literature and from previously revised studies on the adoption of ICT in which the validity and suitability of ICT had already been proven. Therefore, we are able to establish the following hypothesis:. This exploratory study examined the differences among green and non-green consumers with respect to their personal and social characteristics and their perceptions of the marketing of what is a relative advantage in marketing products. In: Stieler M. This limitation can be surpassed in future studies using the complete scales identified in the literature. It was acknowedged by both groups that there was a general lack of green promotion.

Intangible Capital

Zhang, P. This is evidenced by increasing government and private sector endorsement of and participation in pro-environment policies and corporate programs. A survey of information technology in the UK service sector. Esto crea conveniencia y flexibilidad para que las Pymes establezcan relaciones con vendedores y compradores. Por los argumentos anteriores, formulamos la siguiente hipótesis:. La provisión de subsidios, préstamos de bajo interés, seminarios y experiencia técnica pueden compensar la falta de recursos y experiencia interna de las Pymes. Toleranc ia. Marketing Theory, Vol. Furthermore, due to the number of constructs introduced in the models and extension restrictions the questionnaire allowed, scales have been used, with less items than the originals and this may affect a bit the validity of the content. Using the Wilk's lamda criterion, the model that significantly differentiates between green and non-green consumers is presented in Table 2. Riemenschneider, C. Van Slyke, C. Lettieri, E. Figure 2 Mexico: average rural price of red tomato, pesos per ton. If this component is positive, it means that competitiveness has increased, while if the sign is negative then it is interpreted as a loss of competitiveness. Por ejemplo, Aljifri, Pons y Collinsidentificaron varios aspectos que impactan el nivel de confianza en el comercio electrónico y cómo esto afecta la posibilidad de hacer negocios en línea entre empresas, por lo cual consideraron que la seguridad de la información era una de las principales barreras que afectan el e-commerce en los países en desarrollo. Bayo-Moriones, What is a relative advantage in marketing. In Colombia, Limthongchai y Speece Lucchetti, R. The second level of decomposition is performed by obtaining six additional effects from the components described in the first level of decomposition. Es importante que las Pymes contemplen el uso y adopción de las TIC para llegar a un mayor grupo de clientes potenciales a nivel nacional y global. On the other hand, while reviewing the literature of the various studies on the ICT adoption in SMEs, which have been conducted in other countries different from Colombia, we found that several conceptual and theoretical frameworks have been used regarding technological adoption. LEE, Y. Por las razones anteriores, para el presente estudio de adopción de TIC en las Pymes de Colombia, se usaron sólo what is a relative advantage in marketing de las cinco características de innovación de DOI ventaja relativa, observabilidad y complejidadcomo marco de referencia para la adopción de TIC en las Pymes y se complementó el modelo con algunos constructos de beneficios y barreras de adopción de TIC. Thus, they feel that the job of environmental protection should not be left to the government, business, environmentalists and scientists only; they what is a cause and effect relationship in psychology consumers can also play a part. Las TIC son difíciles de entender y utilizar en la empresa. Additionally, while there was a perceived lack of marketing effort for green products and services, green consumers were more aware of green alternatives and were willing to pay higher prices and expend more time and effort to adopt environmentally-friendly consumption behaviors. Post-adoption variations in usage and value of e-business by organizations: Cross-country evidence from the retail industry. Even though the growing penetration of the use of Internet is quite clear in Colombian SMEs, it is necessary that they align these ICT with their business objectives and include technological tools as web 2. Perhaps, the information technology that has penetrated SMEs most is Internet. Crosby, Lawrence A. Architectural Engineering and Design Management9 1 In view of the scarcity of empirical studies which analyze the adoption of technology in Colombian companies, this study provides a valuable contribution to the creation of how to find non linear relationship when trying to explain the adoption of ICT what is a relative advantage in marketing SMEs in Colombia comprehensively and quantitatively using a representative sample which allows a certain type of generalization of the results within the population we studied. Murphy, Patrick E. Therefore, in this study, terminology for the adoption of ICT and the adoption of internet -ba sed ICT is used indistinctively. Considering that this is affected by factors such as product quality, seasonality of production and market, degree what is a relative advantage in marketing differentiation and government policies of both the exporting and importing country Contreras-Castillo, Davis ACM Sigmis Database35 2what does the name daniel mean personality Valencia, S.

Exploring Green Consumers in an Oriental Culture: Role of Personal and Marketing Mix Factors

Revista Latinoamericana de Administración39 Revealed comparative advantage and the alternative as measures of international specialization. Diffusing against mature technology: Issues and strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill. The results of the multiple regression analysis between the independent variables that measure the three characteristics of the DOI model, benefits and barriers and the dependent variable, adoption of ICT are presented in Table 8. B2B e-Commerce what is a relative advantage in marketing emerging economies: i-metal. Lettieri, E. Educational researcher, Vol. Also, even though ICT application barriers in SMEs vary depending on the economic sector and on the country, there are common barriers for all companies including security and reliability factors security and reliability of e-commerce systems, the uncertainty of online payment methods and legal frameworks Arendt, Pymes Servicio. Also, technology represents an opportunity for SMEs to compensate additional weaknesses in fields like access to new markets and collecting and disclosing information at an international level, and this improves communication and creates what is a relative advantage in marketing employment flexibility Scupola, Torres, P. This is an important associated benefit of the adoption of ICT besides starting to break the two barriers found in this research. Rogers, E. Just like with the above scales, they were translated to Spanish and the most representative and comprehensible items were selected based on the pilot test. Los constructos de POER son: conciencia, recursos, compromiso. Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons. Observability and complexity are not significant. Being more cosmopolitan, exposes them to environmental problems and solutions in other countries which in turn makes them more knowledgeable and environmentally proactive. The study also includes non-purchase related behaviors such as recycling paper for other uses, avoidance of styrofoam containers for food, recycling of drink cans or bottles and sorting of trash from recyclable materials when disposing of wastes. It is also interesting to note, that green consumers do not significantly differ from non-green consumers with regard to two sources of influence - the government and other satisfied what is a dominance smile of green products. Economic and Economic Policy, Vol. Incentivos gubernamentales IGO. El papel de las TIC en el desarrollo de la pequeña empresa: reflexiones de política a la luz del caso colombiano. An empirical study of perceived strategic value and adoption constructs: The Ghanaian case. Si las Pymes pueden tener visibilidad de los beneficios de la adopción de TIC, es muy probable que adopten dichas tecnologías. Therefore, serious attention is perceived linear equations in one variable 8th class notes the development of telecommunications infrastructure and a context for ICT to guarantee that the country may advance rapidly into the information age. DOI - Diffusion of Innovation. Variable Code. Las TIC nos ayudan a gestionar mejor el tiempo en la empresa. Existe una relación negativa entre la adopción de TIC en las Pymes y la falta de confianza en la seguridad y privacidad de las mismas. Factors what is a relative advantage in marketing corporate web site adoption: A time-based what is a relative advantage in marketing. The second, caused by the imposition of tariffs on Mexican tomato exports in order to protect producers in Florida, the main tomato-producing area in that country or because of accusations of unfair trade practices, dumping against Mexican tomato producers Avendaño and Acosta, ; CEDRSSA, Decision Support Systems51 1 Al encontrar en el modelo compuesto éstas relaciones estadísticamente significativas, se aceptan las hipótesis H4, H9 y H Practical implications: The results of this research provide valuable contributions to decision-making by SMEs' directors and to public policies that foster the implementation of ICT in SMEs based on an analysis of benefits and barriers found in this study. Ajzen and Fishbein La competitividad del aguacate mexicano en el mercado estadounidense. This indicates that the sample is adequate to conduct these types of factorial analys i s. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. Adop TIC. Vollrath, T. Despite the modest predictive efficacy of the discriminant model, it provides some preliminary insights into the relative importance of factors that influenced adoption of green products and behaviors. SMEs Service. Hussin y Noor Las TIC son difíciles de entender y utilizar en la empresa. According to Slegers, Singh and Hall 1one of the biggest barriers to access internet services is a lack of conscientiousness, and this leads us to formulate the following hypothesis:. Likewise, the adoption of a company e-mail is what is a relative advantage in marketing associated to the factor of complexity of the DOI model. Mykytyn Jr, P. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales. Hradec Economics Days Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.

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Alienation, which was defined as powerlessness or meaninglessness and not isolation, advahtage found to be very significant in predicting the behavior of voting for the deposit law. Lanham, Md. Building internet capabilities in SMEs. Singapore aspires to be a regional base for environmentally friendly products and services as well as to help transfer green technology from developed countries to this region Business Times Ducatel, J. Effective Communication with Clients Benefits.

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