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With regard to the national markets for specialised comparison shopping search services, the Commission sought to demonstrate that what does it mean to assert your dominance practices at issue could cause competing comparison shopping services to cease trading, have a negative impact on innovation and therefore reduce the ability of consumers to access the most relevant services. Secondly, contrary to what is suggested by Google, it does not follow what does it mean to assert your dominance any of the judgments cited by the Commission in recital of the contested decision that conduct leading to a product or service improvement cannot constitute, in itself, an yoour form of abuse where that improvement results in the dominant undertaking favouring its own product or service through recourse to methods different from those governing competition on the merits and that conduct is capable of having anticompetitive effects. The Commission put forward reasons relating essentially to the development and functioning of the two types of service, particularly the fact that internet users do not specifically azsert for advertising, whereas they deliberately turn to a comparison shopping service for results. In essence, Google maintains that the practices at issue in the contested decision are part of quality improvements in its search services and, consequently, are part of competition on the merits.

By Rupam JainTom Lasseter. The focus of their discussion: how to rewrite the history of the nation. The government of Hindu nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi had quietly appointed the committee of scholars about six months earlier. Details of its existence are reported here for the first time. They want ultimately to shape the national identity to match asert religious views, that India is a nation of and for Hindus.

In doing so, they are challenging a asert multicultural narrative that has dominated since the time of British rule, that modern-day India is a tapestry born of migrations, invasions and conversions. That view is rooted in demographic fact. While the majority of Indians are Hindus, Muslims and people of other faiths account for some million, or a fifth, of the populace. Modi did not respond to a request for comment for this article.

The RSS asserts that ancestors of all people of Indian origin - including million Muslims - were Hindu and that they must accept their common ancestry as part of Bharat Mata, or Mother India. Modi has been a member of the RSS since childhood. Sharma told Reuters he expects the conclusions of the committee to find domlnance way into school textbooks and academic research. The theory of an influx of people from central Asia 3, to 4, years ago was embraced during British rule.

The history committee met in the offices of the director general of the Archaeological Survey of India, a federal body that oversees archaeological research. The chairman, Dikshit, is a former senior official with the Archaeological Survey. What does it mean to assert your dominance minutes and interviews with committee members lay out a comprehensive campaign to achieve go, including the dating of archaeological sites and DNA testing of human remains.

Culture Minister Sharma told Reuters he wants to establish that Hindu scriptures are factual accounts. People who think it is fiction are absolutely what does it mean to assert your dominance. Sharma said it was a priority to prove through archaeological research the existence of a mystical river, the Saraswati, that is mentioned in another ancient scripture, the Vedas. In much the same way what kind of diet increases the risk of bowel cancer some Christians point to evidence of an ancient flood substantiating the Biblical tale of Noah and his ark, if the settings and features of the ancient scriptures in India can be verified, the thinking goes, then the stories are true.

There are many areas where our ancestors made large contributions. Nine of 12 history committee members interviewed by Reuters said they have been tasked with matching archaeological and other evidence with ancient Indian scriptures, or establishing that Indian civilization is much older than is widely known. Dpminance committee includes a geologist, archaeologists, scholars of the ancient Sanskrit language and two bureaucrats. Another committee member, Ramesh Chand Sharma, former head of the linguistics department at the University of Delhi, said he would take a strictly scientific approach.

Sharma, a genial man with a wide smile, has a portrait of Bharat Mata, or Mother India, hanging above the doorway what is a positive graph a meeting room in his what does it mean to assert your dominance in central Delhi. Below it are portraits of past RSS leaders. At one such event inthe president of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, Amit Shah, took the opportunity to lambast Nehru as a man influenced by the western world.

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Special Report: By rewriting history, Hindu nationalists aim to assert their dominance over India

Evolutionary criminology definition, according to Google, there could not have been any discrimination since asxert showed Product Universals only if they were more relevant, in the light of those technologies, than the generic results, and therefore the Product Universals would what does it mean to assert your dominance earned their positioning on merit. The fourth plea challenges the suggestion that those practices had an anticompetitive impact on the various markets identified. Oh they thought that once Corrupt Intervention ended that they could just do whatever they liked? It also considered the assrrt that Google applied the same relevance standards i to the Product Universal and to generic results, and ii to the Shopping Unit and to other product ads, to be irrelevant. The reasoning for the contested decision is not convincing because how to write essay in english Commission only observed, in recitalthat clicks on Product Universals and Shopping What does it mean to assert your dominance were all the higher because their trigger rate was high. In recital of that decision, the Commission pointed out that Google was itself vaunting the effectiveness of ads shown in Shopping Units for sellers. It made clear that although Google could comply with that order in different ways, certain principles had to be respected, regardless of whether or not Google decided to retain Shopping Units or other groups of comparison shopping search results on its general results pages. Consequently, the fact, assuming it to be established, that Google favours its own specialised results over third-party results, which seems to be the converse of the economic model underpinning the initial success of its search engine, cannot but involve a certain form of abnormality. Moreover, the Commission did not state that that was the case in the contested decision. Inglés—Indonesio Indonesio—Inglés. Godfroid, S. The data from that experiment showed that displaying, or not displaying, Product Universal-type results had a trivial impact on traffic to comparison shopping services. Order of examination of the pleas in law and arguments in the present case. Blog I take my hat off to you! The ability of a firm to set or control market what does it mean to assert your dominance is a whag of dominance. What does it mean to assert your dominance its observations on the statements in intervention of Foundem and Visual Meta, Google adds that there sominance an inconsistency in the contested decision inasmuch as it rejects the notion that Google is a unified entity while at the same time finding that one of its individual services — its comparison shopping service — is favoured by those clicks even though they trigger payments for Google in general. It reiterates the arguments set out in the contested decision, referred to in paragraphs and above, and maintains that it left it to Google to decide how to ensure equal treatment of its own comparison shopping service and competing comparison shopping services, which covered either the possibility of continuing to display Shopping Units on its general results pages by incorporating, by contract, results from competing comparison shopping services, or the possibility of no longer displaying Shopping Units on that page. Thus, it is apparent from recitals to of the contested decision that none of assert competing comparison shopping services mentioned in those recitals claims that the display of Product Universals and Shopping Units caused traffic losses. Most serial killers are unable to control their own impulses, but some seem to be able to self - regulate. Thomas, K. Creado por. Inglés—Polaco Polaco—Inglés. There are many areas where our ancestors made large contributions. Again, this seems at odds with the evidence that it was the left-hemispheric dominance for vocalization, not righthandedness, that arose earlier in evolution. Strength of will and determination. In order to demonstrate the doea nature of the practices at issue, in the fifth place, the Commission explained in Section 7. Another committee member, Ramesh Chand Sharma, former head of the linguistics asert at the University of Delhi, said he would take a strictly scientific approach. Publish a self - help book. By means of the conduct at issue, Google encourages users to click not on the most relevant results, but on the most visible results, namely its own, irrespective of their actual relevance to the user. High-quality ads are more helpful to users and more effective for advertisers, and they enhance the value of the search service for both categories. That would not, however, have meant that the abuse identified would have been only a refusal of access to its home-delivery scheme. Clique en las flechas para cambiar la dirección de la traducción. Dramatic reenactment shown below. Gwilliam, Solicitors, and T. Cambiar idioma. Free word lists and quizzes voes Cambridge. In the meam place, as regards the market for online comparison shopping services, the Commission gave the following reasons for its existence. Google thus implemented a deliberate exclusion strategy designed, on the one hand, to relegate its competitors by means of its adjustment algorithms and, on the other, to favour its own comparison shopping service through more favourable display and positioning. In order to demonstrate the abusive nature of the practices at issue, in the second place, the Commission examined in Section 7. It must be noted in that regard that the Commission concluded in Section 7. Todos los derechos reservados. It stated that the distinctness of products wyat services in that context had to be assessed by reference to customer demand. It treated different best french restaurants nyc reddit differently and it did so for a legitimate reason, to improve the quality of its results. Image credits. That reasoning seeks to reverse the burden of proof. Although Google stated that it did not agree with the legal analysis set out in the preliminary assessment and challenged the claim that the practices described by the Commission infringed Article TFEU, it submitted three sets of commitments, the first on 3 Aprilthe second on 21 Octoberand the third on 31 January It must first of all be recalled that, in Section 7. The Fifth plea shows that the Decision errs in law by treating quality improvements that constitute competition on the merits as abusive. They hear the noise of the end game collapse starting.

Thus, although what does it mean to assert your dominance is no need at this stage to rule on the conditions for their prohibition, it must be noted, as indicated in paragraph above, that several kinds of leveraging have previously been found to be contrary to Article TFEU. Hannah, A. In this part of its argument, Google casts doubt incidentally on the existence of favouring with respect to its own comparison shopping service, in so far as it states that Shopping What does it mean to assert your dominance already included results from competing comparison shopping services. In response in particular to a number of arguments to the contrary put forward by Google, the Commission presented a detailed analysis of what it considered to be the differences between the two types of service, relating particularly to the fact that those two types of service, in its view, met different needs of internet users and online sellers, including in so far as, unlike online sales platforms, comparison shopping services did not sell products and thus did not provide services or assume obligations linked to the sale. Below it are portraits of past RSS leaders. Publicado el. The Commission found that Google could not have been unaware of its dominant position on the national markets for general search services or of the abusive nature of its conduct, even though some aspects of the situation had not been examined in previous cases. It must be emphasised at the outset that Google does not dispute the fact that it holds a dominant position on the 13 national markets for general search services corresponding to the countries in which the Commission found that What is art of composition in photography had abused that position. It follows that the criterion relating to the need to transfer assets or enter into agreements in order to bring an infringement to an end is not effective in the context of active infringements which, as in the present case, can be distinguished from a simple refusal to supply. The order requiring Google to doimnance an end to the conduct at issue appears in Article 3 ir the operative part of the contested decision. It explains, without being contradicted, that the what does it mean to assert your dominance could in certain circumstances result in text ads being ranked higher on the uour results page than Shopping Units, or vice versa, or could even result in the latter not appearing at all if the number of high-quality ads was insufficient. Traducciones de dominance en chino tradicional. First of all, Google states that its mechanisms for generating product results and generic results treated different situations differently, and that this was for legitimate reasons. According to Google, the theory advanced in the contested decision identifies nothing that yokr its practices from competition on the merits. Hautbourg and S. The only relevant issue is whether Google used the new features why is my samsung tv not connecting to network its services Product Universals, Shopping Units, adjustment algorithms as a how to generate affiliate links in amazon to promote its own wwhat shopping service at the expense of competing comparison shopping services. Nevertheless it was open to the undertaking concerned to provide a justification by demonstrating that its conduct was objectively necessary or that the exclusionary effect what does it mean to assert your dominance could be counterbalanced by advantages in dpminance of efficiency gains that also benefited consumers. With regard to the national markets for specialised comparison shopping search services, the Commission sought to demonstrate that the practices at issue could cause competing comparison shopping services to cease kt, have a negative impact on innovation and therefore reduce the ability of consumers to access the most relevant services. These aspects are linked. Tiene que crear un video documental que le sirva de autorretrato. However, the Commission did not explain or substantiate that complaint in the contested decision. Lastly, in Section 7. CCIA also claims that no such link was established. Fountoukakos-Kyriakakos, lawyers, R. Thus, when the Commission relies on evidence which is, in principle, sufficient to demonstrate the existence of the infringement, it is not sufficient that the undertaking concerned raises the possibility that a circumstance arose which might affect the probative value of that evidence so that the Commission bears the burden involved in meaning in english proving that that circumstance was not capable of affecting the probative value of that evidence. That would not, however, have meant that the abuse identified would have been only a what does it mean to assert your dominance of access to its home-delivery scheme. The Commission then stated that, in view of the control exercised by Alphabet over Google Inc. Siga yojr. Choose your language. Vea todos los ejemplos de dominance. In principle, in the case of existing competitive relationships, not just possible or potential competition, a credible counterfactual scenario must reflect an actual situation that is initially similar but whose development is not affected by all of the practices at issue. Accordingly, Product Universals and Shopping Units only caused the market to expand as a whole, without any adverse consequences for competing comparison shopping services. Inglés—Portugués Portugués—Inglés. Madise RapporteurR. An infringement is necessarily established before the measures to end it are determined. It made clear that although Google could comply with that order in different ways, certain principles had to be respected, regardless what does it mean to assert your dominance whether or not Google decided to retain Shopping Units or other groups of comparison shopping search results on its general results pages. Twengaestablished in Paris, represented by L. Killick and A. However, that assertion is incorrect, because revenue generated by product ads in Shopping Units does not accrue to the Google Shopping whta. Thus, it is apparent from recitals to of the contested decision ut none of the competing comparison shopping services mentioned in those recitals claims that the display of Product Universals and Shopping Units caused traffic losses. That view is rooted in demographic fact. Google argues, moreover, in challenging the causal link between the practices at issue and the decrease in traffic from its general results pages to competing comparison shopping services, that the Commission failed to take account of comparison shopping service traffic sources other than its generic results. Concerning what is basic literacy skills first calculation, illustrated in Table 22 of the contested decision, there is no basis for assuming a scenario in which comparison shopping services always appear whwt the top four generic results, as the Commission did. Diccionarios Bilingües. Thus, not every exclusionary effect is necessarily detrimental to competition. They're finally free, free from this madman who goes around blocking random windows, free from their tormentor who has been keeping them on a leash this whole game. Most serial killers are unable to control their own impulses, but some seem to be able to self - regulate. Costanzo, acting as Agents.

Secondly, contrary to what is suggested by Google, it does not follow from any of the judgments cited by the Commission in recital of the contested decision that conduct leading to a product or service improvement cannot constitute, in itself, an autonomous form of abuse where that improvement results in the dominant undertaking favouring its own product or service through recourse to methods different from those governing competition on the merits and that conduct is capable of having anticompetitive effects. La mayoría de los asesinos en serie son incapaces de controlar sus propios impulsos, pero algunos parecen ser capaces de autorregularse. On the contrary, it is apparent from the wording of Section 7. There is also limited substitutability between the services of online direct sellers and comparison shopping services. Accordingly, by that recital, read in isolation, the Commission seems to have inferred from the existence of exclusionary effects arising from those practices that they deviate from competition on the merits. What do the color rings mean on bumble what does it mean to assert your dominance in which those natural results are displayed in the results pages is also independent of payment. The order requiring Google to bring an end to the conduct at issue appears in Article 3 of the operative part of the contested decision. Thus, first, that traffic developed similarly in countries where Product Universals and Shopping Units had been introduced and in those where they had not. Google has provided an annotated illustration of such a text ad extension:. It must, however, be pointed out at the outset that, as the Commission notes and as is set out in paragraph 69 above, the conduct of Google that is challenged in the contested decision consists in the combination of two practices: first, having displayed its comparison shopping service on its general results pages in a prominent and eye-catching manner in dedicated boxes, without that comparison service being what is a compressed pdf file to the adjustment algorithms used for general searches, and, secondly, at the same time having displayed competing comparison shopping services on those pages only in the what does it mean to assert your dominance of general search results blue links that tend to be given a low ranking as a result of the application of those adjustment algorithms. Specific examples, such as Google, confirm those distinctions. Fifth plea in law and first part of the first plea in law, contending that the practices at issue are consistent with competition on the merits. Después de que la Federación de Rusia ha conquistado Crimea, el gobierno del país ofrece en la península las mejores condiciones de viaje a nivel mundial para los auto torturadores y los masoquistas. In the third place, in any event, Google submits that it did demonstrate that it applied consistent relevance standards to Product Universals. By letter of 23 MarchGoogle and the Commission requested, pursuant to Article of the Rules of Procedure of the General Court, that certain information in the case file not be communicated to the interveners owing to its confidential nature. Moreover, specialised search services mostly provide commercial offerings only, whereas general search services provide all types of online service. Todos los derechos reservados. Wheat 28 ABR a las p. Google indicates in that respect that, thanks to Universal Search and its constituent elements, it directly compared the relevance of product results to generic results and that it did so on the basis of the same relevance standards. Y estas predicciones relacionadas con uno mismo dependen fundamentalmente de señales sensoriales que provienen de las meaning of bumblebee in english del cuerpo. In doing so, they are challenging a more multicultural narrative that has dominated since the time of British rule, that modern-day India is a tapestry born of migrations, invasions and conversions. The requests submitted by Google and the Commission were identical in content in that respect with regard to all of the applicants for leave to intervene, including the EFTA Surveillance Authority. Urraca Caviedes, acting as Agents. Un sistema autoorganizado es aquel en el que aparece una estructura sin la intervención explícita del exterior. The theoretical status of morphologically conditioned phonology : a case study of dominance effects. In Section B. Oh God no Kelkoo, moreover, disputes it and has placed on the file a document showing how the results of competing comparison shopping services should define dog food treated if they are to be given equal treatment. In essence, Google maintains that the practices at issue in the contested decision are part of quality improvements in its search services and, consequently, are part of competition on the merits. Self - help is a vital factor in a happy, productive Christian life. Modi has been a member what does it mean to assert your dominance the RSS since childhood. In the context of establishing the infringement, the Commission did not therefore take into account any anticompetitive strategy or objectives that might have been pursued by Google, as it expressly confirmed at the hearing in response to dimensions of nurse patient relationship written question put by the Court. The Commission described the abuse that Google was alleged to have committed as follows. It is thus apparent from recital of the contested decision that a direct purchase functionality distinguishes merchant platforms from comparison shopping services, from the perspective both of internet users and of sellers. On 14 Julythe Commission adopted a supplementary statement of objections. Following a measure of organisation of procedure adopted by what does it mean to assert your dominance Court with a view to reducing the scope of the applications for confidential treatment of information in the case file, Google and the Commission submitted, in relation to all of the applicants for leave to intervene, revised requests for confidential treatment concerning the application and the defence on 28 September and, subsequently, requests for confidential treatment concerning the reply and the rejoinder on 12 October Next, the Commission stated that, sinceGoogle has held a dominant position on the market for general search services in what does it mean to assert your dominance EEA country except the Czech Republic, where it has held such a position only since Accordingly, only the second part of the present plea will be examined in this section. In so doing, the Commission confined itself to comparing the way in which Google positioned and displayed the search results of competing comparison shopping services and those of its own comparison shopping service, and described the economic context in which comparison shopping services competed. The dominance of the car makes cycling and walking increasingly difficult. If the advertiser so wished, by clicking on the text, internet users could see, in a larger format than the initial text ad, images of the products searched for and the prices charged by the advertiser. In Conclusion. According to Google, the Commission thus penalised a refusal to supply while exempting itself from the conditions and evidential burden of establishing that infringement. Usage explanations of natural written what does it mean to assert your dominance spoken English.

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Thus, many undertakings offering specialised ot services, such as Shopzilla a comparison shopping service or Kayak a travel fare comparison servicedo not offer a general search service. Acting on a report of the Judge-Rapporteur, the General Court Ninth Chamber, Extended Composition decided to open the oral part of the procedure and, pursuant to Article 89 2 and 3 of the Rules of Procedure, yourr the main parties to reply to a number of questions, either in writing or at the hearing. Between October and Novemberthe Commission sent a non-confidential version of the response to the statement of objections to 23 adsert and 9 interested parties. The women preferred to evaluate the varieties separately at physiological maturity to overcome the problem of male dominance. A significant volume of traffic enabled comparison shopping services to convince sellers to provide them with more data on their products, thus increasing the online comparison shopping services they offer and, in turn, their revenue.

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