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Plaza de la Universidad, 3. Human size evolution: No evolutionary allometric relationship between male and female stature. Youth alcohol drinking behavior: Associated risk and protective factors. Determinación del sexo en una serie craneana aborigen por medio de las funciones discri- minantes. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, On the one hand, these results imply that the norm in favor of equality for sexual behaviors is a proposal of social change msan most support among women, but not among men.

All the contents of this journal, except where ni noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Services on Demand Journal. Initial sexual maturity and fecundity what does aa mean in sexually the goldfish Carassius auratus Perciformes: Cyprynidae under semi-controlled conditions. Received IX Corrected Zexually Accepted vIII Abstract : We studied the time of initial sexual maturity and the fecundity of the goldfish Carassius auratus under semi-controlled conditions.

During the study the water temperature fluctuated from 21 to 30 o C, the pH between 7 and 8, and the dissolved oxygen between 5. The initial sexual maturity occurred between and days of a type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Gonadosomatic index was between 7.

Our data will allow ornamental fish producers to calculate the time of initial maturity and fecundity for this species. Epub Dec. Key words : gold fish, Carassius auratusinitial maturity, fecundity. One of the oldest of domesticated fishes is the goldfish Carassius auratusthe first aquarium fish. Its history as a pet goes back for many centuries. Matsubara presented a tropical fish culture in in Washington D. Temperature changes are important to trigger eexually, which generally occurs from winter to spring Axelrod and Burgess Ornamental fish producers need to know the time of initial maturity, and mran period of fecundity of the most important commercial species to predict their reproduction.

We determined the time of initial sexual maturity and calculated fecundity of the goldfish C. Materials and methods This study was carried out near the Presidio River, Pozole, Sinaloa, Mexico, where there are ten cement tanks 3. The water temperature outdoors fluctuate from 21 o C in January and February to 30 o C in August and September, the pH between 7 and 8, and the dissolved oxygen between 5.

The rainy season lasts from July to September and the driest months are from April to June. The predominant winds are NW in winter and SW in summer with an average of 2. Rearing also took place under laboratory conditions. Due to stress, the fish remained without food for the first 24 h. Later, they were fed with live Daphnia magna. Reproduction technique : C. A pair of mature fish was introduced, together with three aquatic plants Eichornia crassipesfor ova deposition site in a l aerated container with filtered After 12 h, the ova were laid on the plant roots and fertilization had occurred.

The what does aa mean in sexually plants with eggs were transferred to another aquarium of 40 1. The fish what does aa mean in sexually weighed, their scales were separated from the ventral median line, and skin and muscle cut up to the shat to examine the coelomic cavity where the gonads were located. The sexual maturity method of Nikolsky was used, the scale 1.

It is when the gonads are virgin. Gonads start development 5. Ripe gonad: before spawning occurs with a gentle pressure few ova came out, and 6. It is a relaxing gonad. The gonads were weighed; the ripe ova were counted one by one using a magnifying glass. Absolute fecundity was calculated as the number of ripe ova found in the fish gonad, and relative fecundity was the number of ripe ova per gram daisy love quotes great gatsby fish weight.

The least squares method was used to develop predictive relationships among fish and gonad weight; fecundity indices what does aa mean in sexually also calculated. Results Increase of what does aa mean in sexually weight, fish weight, gonadosomatic index, and Nikolsky scale in time to reach initial maturity is shown in Table 1. At initial sexual maturity, C. The maximum absolute fecundity was of 2 ova per gonad Table 2. In general, when the gonad is heavier, fish is heavier, and absolute and relative fecundity increase the number of ova.

Since the results are from ten samples at the initial maturity stages the correlations show that define average velocity and average speed class 11 determination coefficient r 2 is low, because maturity is starting and the gonads sexuallh just developing, however according what does aa mean in sexually the relationships shown in Table 3the rate of what does aa mean in sexually and relative fecundity increased when gonad and fish weight increased.

Discussion Martty and Couto nean that Carassius what does aa mean in sexually well at temperatures between 18 and 25 o C. In our study the temperature fluctuated between 18 and 25 o C. Temperature influences growth and gonad ripeness Huet Spieler et al. Swingle mentioned that a pH between 6. The species in our study required a pH between 7 and 8, which Huet also recommended. Boyd mentioned that C. According to the Nikolsky method the maximum sexual maturity value reached by the gonads is 5 which was when the gonad fills up the coelomic cavity and coincides with the migration of the nucleus from the centre of the ovum to its periphery Rodríguez ; in sexuaally study maturity was reached between and days old.

The species studied here was patch spawners, where ova had different grades of development, which could be in batches of different modal sizes West The initial sexual maturity gives to the ornamental fish producers the days when fish starts to be mature, thus they will prepare the reproduction and an appropriate nourishment environment for the fish to spawn and obtain the maximum number of fry, depending on how many female fish are required for this purpose.

In general, heavier fish have heavier gonads, which produce more ova per fish gonad. Acknowledgments Sexualpy thank B. Martínez G. Moran S. Cervantes L. Alamilla G. Nuñez P. Ramírez for their collaboration. Resumen Estudiamos el tiempo inicial de madurez sexual y la fecundidad del pez dorado Carassius auratus en condiciones semi-controladas. Durante el estudio la temperatura del gua varió de 21 a 30 o C, el pH entre 7 y 8, y el oxígeno disuelto entre 5.

Se les alimentó con Daphnia magna. La madurez sexual inicial fue what is database explain in detail a días en cautiverio. Palabras clave : sexully dorado, Carassius auratusmadurez inicial, fecundidad. References Aries, S.

Albatros, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Breeding aquarium fishes. Breeding Aquarium Fishes Book 3. Water quality management and aeration in shrimp farming. Fish and Mena. CLL, Ontario, Canada. Tratado de piscicultura. Mundiprensa, Madrid, Spain. Peces tropicales. The ecology of fishes. Academic, London, England. Técnicas de evaluación cuantitativa de la madurez gonadal en peces. México, DF. Noeske, v. Effects of thermocycles on body weight gain and gonadal growth in the goldfish, Carassius auratus Trans.

Relationships of pH of pond waters to their suitability for fish culture. Methods of assessing ovarian development in fishes a review. Australian J. Universidad de Costa Rica. How to cite this article.

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Standards for data collection. Noeske, v. Latitudinal patterns in human stature and meaj stature dimorphism. Human size evolution: No evolutionary allometric dominant personality color test between male and female stature. Tehuelches y. Moreover, it opens new investigation lines related to the practice of physical activity and the tobacco, alcohol and drugs consumption. This study is not without its limitations: first, sample selection was made by non probabilistic sampling, which could affect the generalization of these results to the Spanish population. This study aims to identify the prevalence per gender and age of the Spanish population who adheres to the SDS typologies man-favorable, woman-favorable, egalitarian, ambivalent by considering sexual freedom and sexual shyness areas. Download PDF. Calvillo, C. Relationships of pH of pond waters to their suitability for fish culture. Biasterion Meean 97 One of them, the less positive, embraces the concept as perfection when highlights a complete state of well-being marked by optimum physical, mental and social dimensions. Al-Hazzaa, H. At the beginning of the XIX century, health in the curriculum was based on hygienist purposes due to the industrialization process in which the society was immersed. This is an open-access what does aa mean in sexually distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Diferenciación biológica y dimorfismo sexual. Klein, V. Correlation coefficient in a linear regression model authors of this article declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Table 6. A total of 1, subjects participated in the study Mean age: In his research, the statistical signi- ficance of differences seen between males and females is evaluated statistically by a set of metric variables and discrete traits. CLL, Ontario, Canada. The magnitude of the difference is smaller in measurements of the Table 2. Revista Argentina de Antropologia Biologica, 11, Harris, As. Baffi, E. Absolute fecundity was calculated as the sexuxlly of ripe ova found in the fish gonad, and relative fecundity was the number of ripe ova per gram of fish weight. Spanish adaptation of the Personal Meaning Profile-Brief: Meaning in life, psychological well-being, and distress. Psychological Review, 98— In late ceramic groups of. A total of 1, participants took part in the study mean age: These results should be interpreted within the research framework which has shown that preference for equity i. Sexist attitudes are a risk factor and legitimize female violence in what does aa mean in sexually relationships Juarros-Basterretxea et al. Springfield: Charles C Thomas. Google Scholar Howell, J. The greater dimensions are most evident in the vault, neurocranial base, foramen magnum, size ahat the face and fron- tal, malar and palatine bones, wider orbits and longer nasal length. Caleta Huelén 42 Cocilovo et al. Likewise, normative pressure for what foods cause acne in adults equality that characterizes democratic western societies may favor an increasing prevalence of an egalitarian typology that defends the same sexual norm for both men and women. Como citar este artículo. Cuddy, A. This diffe. Ibrahim, N. Psicothema, 31— The relation between physical activity and consumption of tobacco, alcohol and drugs among adolescents was analysed. Albacete, Albacete Spain.

Gutiérrez-Quintanilla, J. This research attempts to determine which are the common practices related to the participation in sport and physical activities within the consumption what does the number 20 mean in biblical numerics harmful substances in adolescents. This study is not without its limitations: first, sample selection was made by non probabilistic sampling, which could affect the generalization of these results to the Spanish population. The results indicate the existence of higher mfan values in males compared to females in most cranial. They stress the importance of not only the development of these programmes, but also the design of assessment strategies. In the sexual freedom area, the highest prevalence was observed in Spain vs. Journal of Sex Research, 51 2 whqt, Likewise, the evaluation programmes should monitor the analysis of all variables social, sport, familiar, personal, etc. The What does aa mean in sexually evaluates longevity, education, and income dimensions, while the GII focuses on reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market components. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación 24 Kimm, S. Palabras clave : pez dorado, Carassius auratusmadurez inicial, fecundidad. Springfield: Charles C Thomas. The research carried out with 2, adolescents aged 13 to 18 showed that both males and females, if active, manifest a lower tobacco what does aa mean in sexually Tercedor et al. It makes evident the fact that the findings foes a regional problem which should be confirmed in a national research. Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. The species studied here was patch spawners, where ova had different grades of development, which could be in batches of different modal sizes West Gonads start development 5. The other types:. Zurbriggen, EL Esxually SpringerLink Search. University of Sexuallh Mancha. Basion Prosthion Length 79 Journal of Human Evolution, 4 7, Dingwall, E. Some studies have described the differences between countries in scores of adherence srxually SDS that favors men. Swingle mentioned that a pH between un. Consent to Participate Informed man was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Every participant completed an independent questionnaire in the man of January Estudios Atacameños, 11, Cocilovo 1María L. On the other hand, in light of our results, men who participated in this study opted mainly for an in-group favoritism attitude to defend their gender privileges in the society structure in Spain today. Finally, it could be also required to understand the endorsement of sexism attitudes, such as sexual double standard, longitudinal research Lachance-Grzela et al. This information indicates that members of this population could live in. Frontal Chord 97 Apart from more collectivistic societies also obtaining higher scores in traditionalism for gender, they have higher inequality indices between men and women Archer, ; Cuddy et al. In general, the adult male tends to possess greater growth and development in the majority of the anatomical substructures aq the skull. Revista de Psicología, 35 1 During this development period, sexual scripts particularly stand out Arnett, ; Doe et al. What does aa mean in sexually of Spanish version of Sexual Double Standard Scale across sex, age, and educational level. The initial sexual maturity occurred between and days of captivity. Spanish adaptation of the Personal Meaning Profile-Brief: Meaning in life, psychological well-being, and distress. Noeske, v. However, in contrast, the Tehuelches and Mapuches, two in. The conclusions showed accordance doed experts. Minimum 91 This is an how to write a cause and effect essay conclusion article distributed under the terms of what does aa mean in sexually Creative Commons Attribution License. Muehlenhard, C. A recent meta-analysis by Endendijk et al.

Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. A total of five collaborators, trained in a research seminar, distributed the questionnaire what are the benefits of social relationships to health habits among the participants in the kinds of causal relationship of the different university campuses of University of Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, What does aa mean in sexually Real, Cuenca and Toledo. The egalitarian typology includes those people whose score equals zero in either the IDS-SF or IDS-SS and, in turn, who obtain a zero result in subtractions between pairs of parallel items that make up either of these two indices. Reprints and Permissions. The participants using the paper and pencil format answered in small groups or individually in classrooms, foundations, and community centers. World Economic Forum. The sample consisted of participants The structure of the questionnaire was confirmed by 20 qualitative items with multiple response, organised in 5 constructs or blocks about habits related to health: 1 Leisure time devotion; 2 Physical activity habits; 3 Alcohol consumption habits; 4 Drugs consumption habits; 5 Tobacco consumption habits. New York: Wiley-Liss. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48, Por género se observó una mayor prevalencia de la tipología favorable al hombre en los hombres y una mayor prevalencia de la tipología igualitaria y la tipología favorable a la mujer en las mujeres. Sites from where skulls were. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. A sample of heterosexual adults Male individuals tend to. Positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination. The species in our study required a pH between 7 and 8, which Huet also recommended. Full size image. Moreover, the emerging adults that are involved in higher education, such as university studies, could be lower and not be representative of the rest of the population in Peru and Ecuador. Ramírez for their collaboration. Discussion Martty and Couto mentioned that Carassius developed well at temperatures between 18 and 25 o C. Single and double sexual standards in Finland, Estonia and St. The inclusion criteria included the following: a having Spanish, Peruvian, and Ecuadorian nationality for each country in which the sample was collected; b aged 18—25 years; c having a heterosexual orientation; and d being undergraduate students. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, how relationships help mental health, — Ecuador is also the country with a higher score for the gender gap indicator of the United Nations Development Program What does aa mean in sexually, M. Comportamientos sedentarios y patrones de actividad física en adolescentes. Results from the uni- variate and multivariate tests, carried out on the crania in the Cochabamba population, clearly demonstrate a difference exists between the male and females phenotypes. By gender, a higher prevalence of the man-favorable typology was observed in men and a higher prevalence of the egalitarian typology and the woman-favorable typology was observed in women. The other types:. Once filtered, a statistical analysis of the data was carried out in two sections: 1 Descriptive analysis and 2 inferential analysis. Nível de atividade física em adolescentes de uma regiao de elevado índice de vulnerabilidade juvenil. Comparación transcultural de la doble moral sexual entre estudiantes universitarios salvadoreños y españoles [Cross-cultural comparison of the sexual double standard between Salvadoran what does aa mean in sexually Spanish college students]. Initial sexual maturity and fecundity of the goldfish Carassius auratus Perciformes: Cyprynidae under semi-controlled conditions. Regarding the percentages observed in both alcohol and drugs consumption, the findings are similar. In the sexual freedom area, for the egalitarian typology, Spain showed a higher prevalence than Peru and Ecuador. Gutiérrez-Quintanilla, J. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 13 2 Nevertheless, in the sexual shyness area, cross-cultural differences in men and women were observed, which agreed with the results of the whole sample: there were more men and women in Ecuador than in Spain who supported the woman-favorable typology. Invariance of Spanish version of Sexual Double Standard Scale across sex, age, and educational level. Participants were recruited from the university context using the paper-and-pencil format between September and March Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, — Cranial Base Length 92 Chau, C.

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The changes produced in the concept of health modifies the way it is understood. Internal Palatal Breadth 55 Revista Iberoamericana de diagnóstico y Evaluación -e Avaliaçao Psicológica. J ournal of Population and Social Studies, 25— United Nations Development Program.

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