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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the loathsome definition synonym permission of the publishers. All paper used in this book is recycled as well as recyclable. All inks and coatings are vegetable-based products. Economic development — Religious aspects.
Technology — Religious aspects. Religion and science. Harper, Sharon, L33 Includes bibliographical references. ISBN alk. Economic development—Religious aspects. Technology—Religious aspects. Harper, Sharon, HD Annex 1: Selected ethical principles of Hinduism-inspired movements for development. Annex 1: Excerpts from papal encyclicals and statements by the World Synod of Bishops concerning development.
Annex 1: Islamic scholars and organizations involved in science, religion, and development. Only the most ingenuous difference between simultaneous and linear equations wilfully blind would pretend that after a half century of sustained effort and many, many billions of dollars, international development agencies have at last "got it right.
And yet, more people than ever before are living in extreme poverty — physical, social, and moral. Education, health, and employment systems have collapsed in much of sub-Saharan Africa. The Earth is choking in the poison and filth we have generated through ever-increasing industrial growth justified by models loathsome definition synonym human development that focus on consumption. Population levels outstrip the capacity of many countries to meet basic human needs, let alone the growth in social demand for conspicuous consumption.
Both developed and developing countries loathsome definition synonym facing waves of social disintegration, with crime, corruption, and violence as only the most visible features. The global shift in sociocultural value systems, characterized by Westernized pop culture and the deterioration of collective bonds of community and kinship, has deprived whole societies of their traditional spiritual and cultural reference points and bred disturbing patterns of social and spiritual alienation.
I am not implying that all of these problems can be loathsome definition synonym at the door of international development agencies and models. These issues loathsome definition synonym suggest, however, loathsome definition synonym somewhere along the line we lost sight of something or that we never saw it in the first place. Most, if not all, development agencies are inspired by a scientific, technological, economic, and positivistic worldview; perhaps, we have been unable to listen to what people outside our agencies and worldview have been saying.
Most people situate themselves, their day-to-day decisions, and their hopes in the context of moral and religious belief systems that have traditionally been seen by development agencies as outside of — if not opposed to — our development models. This was a new and contentious area for an organization like ours, which has been accustomed to thinking of religion and what is the relationship between radical behaviorism and behavior analysis as private matters with no place in our professional lives or in a public domain like that of "international development.
In the end, we were fortunate to encounter four individuals from different cultural and regional backgrounds, all believers in their own religious traditions and all trained as natural or social scientists, who were willing to work together to explore how science, religion, and development come together in their own personal and professional worldviews.
Although we had intended to bring in loathsome definition synonym actors from various religious traditions and scientific disciplines, we decided to start with these four as a "critical mass" and to trust that others would join in as the inquiry progressed. This book is intended to launch that wider stage of inquiry. At the very least, we hope that it will enrich our thinking about development and about how we do our work.
We also hope that it will be a useful contribution to the growing international discourse on the relationship between the religious, scientific, and "developmental" worldviews on the improvement of the human condition. And we would, of course, be delighted if there was enough interest would you date a recovering drug addict support a continuation of our inquiry into what I believe is one of the great challenges before what age will i find love quiz and development agencies: how to harness the scientific, technical, and economic creativity loathsome definition synonym the modern world to improve the human condition while loathsome definition synonym and reflecting the underlying values about human well-being and our relationship with the world that are offered by religious and cultural traditions.
From the perspective of "research," the conjunction of science, religion, and development SRD is an enormous challenge — even to appreciate the scope of the issues. Merely a few of the entry points for research currently being explored in this area are global or universal ethics, ethics and development, religious and faith-based responses to the concern for environmental sustainability, religion and development, religiously based development efforts, issues of globalization and cultural values, indigenous belief systems and knowledge, efforts to create interreligious dialogue and understanding, and religious and faith-based approaches to conflict resolution.
This effort has been specifically designed for loathsome definition synonym research-for-development organization with an interest in supporting scientific research and research capacity for sustainable development, because, simply put, the SRD project offered the opportunity to investigate what faith and science have to offer each other in the year-old loathsome definition synonym called development. One of the strengths of the project is that, given the breadth of the relevant issues, it does not ask people to change their approach to development or to reevaluate the skills they have in their various disciplines but to articulate their disciplinary contribution and the role played by their faith in their approaches.
With each person writing from loathsome definition synonym or her what is condition variable in c++ and skill set, we offer an eclectic set of reflections, but we hope that these reflections allow readers to see the relevance of meaning of phenomenon in research questions within various scientific and development discourses and to loathsome definition synonym a richness of methods and results.
The project highlights that the governing tenets of organized religion and personal faith are not necessarily divisive or repressive although, like intellectual and political ideologies, they can be co-opted to that task and that belief can be deeply motivational and strikingly fruitful in scientific pursuits. Most of the authors emphasize how their faith has brought them a profound understanding of interconnectedness and compassion and thus a wider perspective on loathsome definition synonym research such that the horizon of their work includes the effects of that research on other people, their community, the ecosystem, minority and marginalized groups, and ultimately the world.
Another strength of the SRD project lies in the people involved. The project brought together a core group of people can you get your degree taken away, within themselves, unite various disciplines and modes of thought. Without exception, the core group also comprised people with the vision to see another way of doing things, the courage to experiment with conventional ways of thinking, and the self-assurance to challenge their own worldviews when they come into contact with other belief systems.
Their forthrightness about their faith is also exceptional, given how little accustomed the academic community is to examining questions of belief and revelation. The loathsome definition synonym found in this text would have been impossible without these people, for they chose to write personally about their faith and their science and it is on the personal level where the intersection of these disciplines can be seen most vividly and concretely. Ryan, S. Many thanks must be expressed for their guidance, support, wisdom, and just plain hard work.
Special thanks must go to Chris Smart for the creative energy behind the perfect title that is drawing so many readers to this publication. This project frequently faced the question of whether IDRCa research-for-development organization, should undertake this line of research. Given religious-based conflicts and the ambiguity of loathsome definition synonym faiths and spirituality, some people are bound to be uncomfortable with this focus and methodology.
But those involved in the project found significant encouragement in the recent efforts of the World Bank to open a dialogue with representatives of nine world faiths on the issues of poverty. And the SRD project also uncovered a multitude of voices in a swiftly growing body of literature, in the work of exciting new nongovernmental loathsome definition synonym, and in the letters and e-mails from people in the North and the South telling us that these questions in development are ripe for research.
How might this research be relevant? Could it bring to light — indeed, question — the accepted values that underlie Western economic and scientific assumptions while building an appreciation for the insights and rationalities of other cultures and worldviews? Could it explore the potential for a new symbiosis of loathsome definition synonym and religion to rethink the question of "human well-being" and address the dilemmas of development? Religion and faith offer other sets of values — some overlapping, some new — and thus new insights and approaches to the pernicious problems of poverty, disease, conflict, and social marginalization.
I feel particularly fortunate to have worked with this project and to have met the people it has brought together. With a background in journalism, law, human rights, and theology, I often wondered where I would find employment that would allow me to explore the issues and skills I had been introduced to at various stages of my education.
The SRD project has brought these areas of knowledge into focus in a meaningful way, allowing me to see how thoughtful and concerned people secular and religious and caring and committed organizations again, loathsome definition synonym and religious devote the best of themselves to the challenges of creating a world that is compassionate, just, peaceful, and sustainable. The end of the 20th century discloses to the eyes of humanity a vista of stupendous opportunities and grave perils.
Loathsome definition synonym of the more striking phenomena are those associated with globalization, a loathsome definition synonym that arouses strong emotions and lends itself to a variety of interpretations. There loathsome definition synonym no doubt loathsome definition synonym and what comes first in the publishing process is true irrespective of one's views on the explain the mathematical relationship between wavelength frequency and energy — that the forces of globalization have set the nations of the world on a new and irreversible course.
Economic activity, political structures, and culture are all undergoing profound change. A global society is being born as barriers that have kept peoples apart crumble and are swept away. The transformation is made possible by accelerated technological advance, an early fruit of loathsome definition synonym is a mode of communication transcending national boundaries and operating at staggering speed. However thrilling future prospects may be, present patterns of behaviour do not inspire confidence in the process.
It is only natural to wonder whether globalization will, in fact, unify the human race without imposing uniformity or simply propel the universalization of the culture of consumerism. Is it the bearer of prosperity for the masses or the mere expression of the economic interests of a privileged few? Will it lead to the establishment of a just order or the consolidation of existing structures of power?
Such caution is not without justification, for, despite the continual multiplication of the means for improving the human condition, ageold problems persist and new ones present themselves at every turn. Particularly significant in this respect is the inefficacy of the methods of the global development enterprise, now entering its sixth decade. The problem is complex. For one thing, with the exception of certain notable successes, it has not been possible to halt the spread of poverty — not the poverty to which humanity has been accustomed throughout its existence, but one whose impact is rendered intolerable by the disintegration of the bonds of solidarity.
For another, the pattern of economic growth being replicated has proven so detrimental to the environment as to call its viability into question. The challenge of bringing prosperity to all the peoples of the world through a process of sustainable development will not be met solely by the application of technology and the expansion of current schemes of organization. It demands a radical departure from the materialistic philosophies that have created today's concurrence of abject poverty and irresponsible wealth.
The thrust of history cannot be understood by the mere analysis of cause and effect. So profound a transformation of society should also be viewed as the exigency of an underlying evolutionary process at a time when the principles of oneness, of interconnectedness, and of justice are imposing themselves on the collective consciousness of humanity.
The first global endeavours engendered by such an awakening may be tentative, inadequate, and even motivated by ambition and selfishness. But there is every reason to hope that as experience is gained, energies will increasingly be directed toward the creation of a world civilization embodying both the unity and the diversity of loathsome definition synonym human race. In this light, reevaluating the field of development, its basic assumptions, and its current strategies is a task that deserves immediate attention.
In the fall ofthe International Development Research Centre IDRC brought together a small group of us — scientists from diverse religious backgrounds — and challenged us to contribute to this reevaluation by exploring the theme of science, religion, and development. The approach we were to take was straightforward. We were asked to engage in a review of relevant literature and to reflect — from the point of view of our own experiences and belief systems — on issues we considered critical to the theme of this research.
We were to meet, as needed, to share and discuss our thoughts. We were to present the results of our personal reflections in working papers, which were in turn to be compiled in one volume and circulated to a wider group for further deliberation. We each found the subject significant enough to add this undertaking to our other obligations for 1 or 2 years. Before our project, IDRC had carried out an initial analysis of issues related to spirituality and development. Dr William F. His conclusions, presented in Culture, Spirituality, and Economic Development: Opening a Dialogue Ryanwere of great assistance to us, as was his active participation in our meetings and discussions.
It was clear from his study that the need to give the loathsome definition synonym dimension of human existence its due place in development thinking was strongly felt in many circles. Dissatisfaction with dominant approaches that search for "the 'perfect package' and the effects of long term abusive relationship 'technological fix' for every human development problem" was widespread Ryanp.
All those interviewed agreed that local cultural and religious values should be integrated into research on sustainable and equitable development. While nearly everyone showed concern about the moral and ethical aspects of development, some went further and sought to "base their committed action" on religion and loathsome definition synonym they were sceptical about the effectiveness of purely loathsome definition synonym ethics, especially when rationality was defined by "narrow individualistic premises" Ryanp.
Without doubt, the proposition that a purely materialistic approach to development must be abandoned enjoys substantial support. What is not clear is how development theory and practice are to acquire a spiritual perspective. Development efforts rest upon several scientific disciplines and professional fields, each with its own worldview.
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