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This study aims to identify the mediation function of the variables of positive emotions, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and social support between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. This is the first study that analyzed, with Latin-American population, the mediating effect of these variables in a simultaneous manner.
The results of the structural equation modeling showed that emotional clarity plays a predictive role over positive emotions and self-esteem, while emotional repair influences positive emotions and a greater satisfaction with interpersonal relationships. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el identificar la función mediadora de las variables de emociones positivas, autoestima, relaciones interpersonales, y apoyo social entre la inteligencia emocional y la satisfacción con la vida.
New paradigms and models of psychology consider that is necessary to address not only those factors associated to deficits or disorders in individuals, but to emphasize as well those elements that provide people with well-being. It is precisely in this frame of Positive Psychology, that emotional intelligence EI explains that proper management of emotions is related to a better perception of life. There are three major models of EI: the Mayer—Salovey which defines this construct as is high self esteem bad ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions to facilitate thinking; the Goleman model which views EI as an assortment of emotional and social competencies that contribute to managerial performance and leadership, and the Bar-On model which describes it as an array of interrelated emotional and social competencies, skills and behaviors that impact intelligent behavior Bar-On, However, evidence with respect to the predictive validity of LS has been inconsistent depending on the type of EI models that have is high self esteem bad considered and the variables that are controlled by regression analyses.
Research like the one conducted by Salami or Koydemir and Schutz showed is high self esteem bad EI has a predictive validity over LS, even when different variables such as personality are considered. The study of Augusto, Pulido, and López-Zafra found similar results but including the variable of willingness to optimism, as well as the study of Palmer, Donaldson, and Stough who also considered positive emotions. The study of Kong and Zhao evaluated the mediating effect of positive and negative emotions over EI.
The instrument used to evaluate EI included factors related to emotional self-conscious, the use of emotions for self-motivation, the evaluation of their emotions and the emotions of others, and the emotional regulation. They found that positive emotions had a stronger effect than the one reported by negative emotions. It should be noted that in multicultural studies, like the one by Koydemir, Sismsek, Schutz, and Tipandjandifferences were found regarding the predictive value of mediating aspects between EI and LS.
For example, it was reported that Germans dwelled more on the balance in affects, while Hindus stated that social support was stronger in predicting LS. The influence between these cultural factors has also been discussed, because there are differences between individualistic and collective cultures. In collective cultures for example, the predictive value of EI over LS is lost, once the personality and affective variables are controlled Thingujam, For this reason, the present study stems from the hypothesis that an improvement of emotional abilities would have an indirect effect upon LS by favoring self-esteem, positive emotions, interpersonal relationships and social support.
The current study is the first-ever to analyze the mediating effect of these variables in Latin-American population Fig. A hypothetical model to explain the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Also, while previous studies had only considered one of these variables and not the effect of all of them, to date there are no studies published in is high self esteem bad journals that explored this relationship in a simultaneous manner.
It is also important to emphasize that the present study does not consider a global punctuation of EI but an instrument that evaluates three factors; emphasizing on those factors of major influence that is high self esteem bad been identified by previous literature. The is high self esteem bad were performed under the assumption that better emotional abilities promote the experience of positive emotions, an increase in self-esteem, as well a higher level of satisfaction with the quality of interpersonal relationships and perceived social support.
Being these variables, those is high self esteem bad the most LS. The sample was constituted by young adults men and womenbetween 18 and 21 years old, studying high school in five school facilities of the High School Education System the SEMS from Universidad de Guadalajara located in the Metropolitan Area as is high self esteem bad as in the North and South regions of the Jalisco State is high self esteem bad Mexico.
It is a self-report measure with 24 what is alpha male characteristics and a 5-point Likert-type scale integrated by three subscales. It also includes the ability to understand the relationship between emotions and the different situations that trigger them. Additionally it would encompass the capacity to regulate their own and others emotions.
Once authorization was obtained from the directors of the educational institutions and informed consent was obtained from the participants, the administration of the measures was carried out in groups. Descriptive analysis, correlations and structural equation modeling were performed. The information was analyzed with the statistical package SPSS v. In Table 1basic descriptive statistics are shown for each of the variables used in this study.
It can be observed that all means are above the theoretical mean. Descriptive statistics of variables used. In the same way, Table 2 shows correlations among the variables analyzed in this study. It can be observed that most of the relations are positive, indicating moderate to high correlations. Analysis of the correlation among variables. With the purpose of testing a hypothetical model about the possible mediator love is best friend quotes between EI and LS, the calculation of structural equations was carried out.
Results showed inadequacy on fit indices, reason why a second model was used to explore a possible effect between positive emotions and self-esteem psychological aspects over interpersonal relationships and social support social aspects. After doing this, fit indices improved but not as expected. Next, the relationship between positive emotions and self-esteem was explored and those elements that is high self esteem bad statistical meaning were eliminated, specifically the Social Support variable.
After this, indicators improved considerably Table 3. Fit indices of the structural equation model. In Fig. Final structural model to predict life satisfaction. Positive and meaningful correlations were observed among most of the studied variables; this seems to indicate that all of them are elements that provide people with well-being, as it was pointed out in the introduction of the study. The correlation between emotional repair and LS supports the results obtained by Mayers et al.
Although this study was based on previous literature, it is innovative as it is the first to explore the simultaneous effect that some elements can exert as mediators over the relationship between emotional abilities and LS. The model of structural equations that is presented in this study shows how emotional abilities predict, in an indirect way, LS.
This supports what it was exposed by Salami and Koydemir and Schutz This work coincides with studies carried out by Palomera and Brackettwho found that positive affect, was, with high frequency, a mediator variable between EI and well-being. In the same way, the findings in this study were similar to those by Rey, Extremera, and Penawho also pointed out that self-esteem act as mediator between emotional abilities and LS.
Similar evidence like the one by Donohoe and Greene showed that the relationship between emotional regulation and meaning of life was influenced by the quality of interpersonal relationships. Besides the similarities of this study with others, it is important to also emphasize that, as opposed to our hypothesis, the social support variable did not show to exert a decisive role in LS, and at the same time the interpersonal relationships have mediator role between individual aspects and LS, this can be due to the social support instrument that was used.
On the other hand, it is worth to mention the important role played by the emotional abilities in a social context, which at the end have a predictive value in the perception of quality of life. As Argyle mentioned, the emotions involved in social relationships are the ones more related to well-being. For this reason, it is necessary to promote the learning of the required social abilities, including expression of positive feelings to oneself and to others, in other to build stronger and healthier interpersonal relationships that perform as both a protective factor and as a promoter of well-being.
One of the limitations of this study is the sample's homogeneity related to age. For further research it is suggested to inquire on a possible relationship that includes the personality variable, as it is proposed by Salamiwhere emotional intelligence acts as mediator between personality and psychological well-being. This would allow the evaluation of the benefits of training programs for acquiring emotional abilities.
These findings from this study highlight the importance of self-esteem, positive emotions, and interpersonal relationships as mediators between emotional abilities and LS. It is important to address them in public policy that should not only focus on is high self esteem bad improvement of life conditions, concept that sometimes has been used as synonym of life quality define ultimate cause of death Latin America, but also in adding the creation, implementation and evaluation of programs that focus on the development and improvement of emotional skills.
These skills is high self esteem bad shown to increase the experience of positive emotions, self-esteem, the quality of interpersonal skills, conflict resolution, and proactive attitudes and coping skills, and could help by diminishing problems such as violence. In this way, the conditions of communities could be improving objectively and in turn experience an increase in life satisfaction. Peer review under the responsibility of Asociación Mexicana de Comportamiento y Salud.
ISSN: What should you say in a dating profile anterior Artículo siguiente. Exportar is high self esteem bad. DOI: Positive emotions, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and social support as mediators between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Emociones positivas, autoestima, relaciones interpersonales y apoyo social como mediadores entre la inteligencia emocional y la satisfacción con la vida.
Descargar PDF. Norma Alicia Ruvalcaba-Romero a. Autor para correspondencia. Este artículo ha recibido. Under is high self esteem bad Creative Commons license. Información del artículo. Table 1. Is high self esteem bad statistics of variables used. Emotional intelligence. Palabras clave:. Inteligencia emocional. Texto completo. Introduction New paradigms and models of psychology consider that is necessary to address not only those factors associated to deficits or disorders in individuals, but to emphasize as well those elements that provide people with well-being.
Mean S. Minimum Maximum Is high self esteem bad satisfaction Table 2. Table 3. Is high self esteem bad Psicosocial, 2pp. Augusto, E. López-Zafra, R. Martínez, M. Perceived emotional is high self esteem bad and life satisfaction among university teachers. Psicothema, 18pp. Augusto, M. Pulido, E. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12pp. Measuring emotional intelligence: Common ground and controversy, pp. Educación XXI, 10pp.