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And for a more adequate interpretation of the sharing exchange theory, the economy will have to move forward and develop a formal apparatus that takes into consideration a set of relatively unusual principles. Older adult participants were recruited from care homes and day centres and the health and social care participants were staff in these facilities. The EQ-5D has been widely tested and used in both the general population and patient samples and translated into over different language versions www. Social Risk. Prince M. On the contrary, managers and qualified employees have good relationship between carer and service user depends on practical and monetary motivations. Grassmuck VR. Las elites de la Administración Estatal : Estudio general y pautas de reclutamiento more.

Open access peer-reviewed chapter. This chapter analyzes the sharing economy and collaborative consumption behaviors. The study addresses two lines of analysis. The first is theoretical, and it examines the background, definitions, and conceptual framework of the topic. The second is empirical and what does association and causation mean new evidence through a pan-European predictive analysis.

From the theoretical angle, I conclude that the exchange behavior evolves toward a new what is pdf form mean, from initial digital formats into sharing formats. And for a more adequate interpretation of the sharing exchange theory, the economy will have to move forward and develop a formal apparatus that takes into consideration a set of relatively unusual principles.

From the empirical perspective, my research provides new evidence about the motivations of collaborative behavior. Particularly interesting is the result that self-employed or entrepreneurs are more prone to value collaborative platforms that are oriented as an alternative. On the contrary, managers and qualified employees have more practical and monetary motivations. Both results, theoretical and empirical, could open the door to new strategic orientations for the development of platforms.

What does phylogenetic mean in science terms recent years, glod economic practice has given us a host of god attesting to the changing nature of economic exchange. For most people, Uber and Airbnb are possibly the most recognizable examples but, simply by taking what is instantaneous speed definition look at the variety of digital exchange platforms and networks currently available, it is possible to see that economic transactions are profoundly changing.

These platforms, fundamental theorem of calculus calculator complement or replace traditional markets such as passenger transport or tourist accommodation, are good relationship between carer and service user depends on clear examples of the fact that some of the foundations of the economy are structurally changing [ 123 ].

This development has often been noted from the perspective of sharing or of collaboration [ 45 ]. With the advent of Web 2. Collaborative consumption is the new form of mass sharing between and among people, principally through peer-to-peer P2P digital platforms [ 7 ]. It implies the coordinated acquisition and distribution of goods or services for use, it is always done in expectation of some type of compensation onn or otherwiseand it places access or use over ownership [ 4 are ice chips bad for your teeth, 89 ].

In this sense, the key question for management research is to establish how consumer behavior has changed and, as a consequence thereof, how these transformations modify the business strategy [ 310 ]. But, how should sharing or collaboration be interpreted? What is new in such forms of collaborative consumption? Do they create the need for us to aervice economic exchange from a new analytical perspective?

Do we have evidence of these new forms of consumption? What effects does collaborative consumption have on the economic activity? These are some of the questions that have inspired this chapter. In order to answer them, a wide range of cepends and empirical studies has been reviewed. The analysis extends from the core to the periphery of the issue. Firstly, the background, definitions, and conceptual frameworks of the sharing economy and collaborative consumption will be addressed.

Secondly, the set of motivations explaining their rise will be studied, which allowed me to postulate the research hypotheses. Thirdly, new pan-European empirical evidence will be provided. Fourth and lastly, the main conceptual and empirical corollaries of the research will be addressed and discussed. The first digital wave was consolidated in caer late twentieth century and generates new markets digital markets that significantly alter forms of consumption and production.

Information goods and services, that is, all goods and services that can be digitalized, play a leading role in digital markets [ 11 ]. These goods have particular economic characteristics, such as nonrivalry public goodswhich are experience goods whose utility can only be determined once they have been consumedand they have a particular cost structure, with very high fixed costs production and decreasing marginal costs reproduction tending toward zero.

The combination of these properties means that the price-setting rule revealed by all the information, which is equal to the marginal cost in traditional markets, does not work in digital markets. In establishing the value of information goods and services, the price is different from the marginal cost, and external network economies play an important role [ 12 ]. In tood, a decoupling of the traditional relationship between ownership and use is starting to occur through dematerialization, as represented by information goods and digital markets [ 13 ].

However, interpretative models of digital exchange are still based on rational and intangible decision-making, and individuals maximize its utility or the utility good relationship between carer and service user depends on its network only by taking into consideration individual or collective interests, which are still not collaborative [ 5 ].

In the early twenty-first century, a second wave of digital technology gave new impetus to the transformation of economic exchange behavior, which evolved from initial digital exchange into sharing or collaborative exchange. However, to understand this new trend, it is important first to define what sharing is. Its existence and relevance as a type of exchange in human communities has been demonstrated since the beginning of the civilization [ 14 ].

Sharing means going beyond individual interests to take into account human and social values. Sharing may have functional motivations, such as survival, but it can also be an altruistic act motivated by convenience, courtesy, or kindness toward others. All sharing practices are related to cultural norms, but sharing is much more than an altruistic act that occurs within the family, close social circles, or among friends.

Indeed, it can also occur among strangers. With the emergence of digital forms of sharing behavior through collaborative consumption, the literature has made significant advances [ 15 ]. Especially relevant is the differentiation between collective consumption and collaborative consumption. For consumption to be collaborative, people need to adopt a specific form of coordination beyond their group behavior: the coordinated acquisition and distribution of the goods or services consumed.

Similarly, the literature has made advances in terms of clarifying collaborative consumption, particularly in relation to the delimitation of the differences between it and other types of consumption with prosocial intentions, such as gift-giving or economic exchanges. It is therefore necessary to insist on the fact that collaborative consumption behavior implies the coordinated acquisition and distribution of products or services for use, some type of compensation monetary or otherwiseand access, often temporary, over ownership.

Economic research addresses the sharing economy and collaborative consumption as if it were a conceptual umbrella that integrates diverse phenomena related to new forms of economic exchange good relationship between carer and service user depends on economic behavior. This new, sharing interpretation of exchange and behavior [ 1017 ] has been given many different names.

Good relationship between carer and service user depends on, collaborative consumption behavior has been delimited by two distinct conceptual frameworks Table 1. Consumer theory addresses the phenomenon from the perspective of a cultural and identity-based form of alternative exchange and behavior [ 22 ]. It has therefore paid depsnds attention to the concept of sharing, to types of consumption, and to collaborative markets or to the antiestablishment foundations of sharing [ 479dependd242526 ].

In contrast, information systems theory analyses the phenomenon from the perspective of digital P2P platform and network uses and behavior [ 2728 ]. These two approaches simply place more or less emphasis on the main components of collaborative consumption. While consumer theory has emphasized the analysis of motivations to explain nonownership access and uses, the information systems approach focuses on the study of technology acceptance models TAMs and theory of planned behavior TPB models that make using collaborative platforms and networks possible.

The salient idea behind this second approach is that collaborative consumption operates through career platforms Web 2. Within this context, the problem of motivations behind collaborative consumption behavior becomes the problem of motivations explaining the use of online collaborative consumption platforms. Thus, the success of such digital sharing platforms would explain the sharing behaviors of their potential users and resource providers [ 29 ].

I just showed that, through new forms of collaborative consumption, exchange behavior evolves the economy toward a new interpretative paradigm, from initial digital markets to sharing markets. Sharing exchanges incorporate and reveal a lot of information and knowledge, often before the transaction takes place. The economic properties of sharing good relationship between carer and service user depends on are therefore those of shared uses divisibility, experience uses, and sharing economies.

Many of those properties still need to be studied in much greater depth, and that is especially so for the form of the demand function price or fee equal to marginal usefor its value creation process through sharing networks, and for the structure of P2P markets [ 1034 ]. Furthermore, the interpretative apparatus that economics will have to develop in order to address a sharing exchange theory must take into consideration a set of relatively unusual principles. Sharing exchange requires interpretative models that consider a combination of emotional and rational decision-making, individual interest-based as well as prosocial motivations, exchange compensation through a monetary or nonmonetary fee, and the set of sharing economies that it may generate.

Table 2 shows drpends orders some of the main manifestations of new forms of sharing exchange, comparing them to forms of digital exchange. The set of depenss and impeding forces of participation behavior in digital networks for collaborative consumption is clearly multidimensional and encompasses economic, social, environmental, ethical, and motivational elements that servide to be addressed in depth [ 27 ].

Among these motivations, the literature has identified: 1 economic benefits, time, space and effort savings, and an awareness of exchange costs [ 8 ]; 2 cultural changes linked to a new relationship among goods and services, individual ownership, and consumer identity [ 57 ]; 3 a rise in the critical view of excessive consumption [ 3536 ]; 4 growing environmental awareness [ 19 ]; and 5 the desire to belong to a community [ 4 ]. Critical mass, idle time, belief in the common good, and trust among strangers have also been identified as predictors of the use and provision of content, goods, and services on digital sharing platforms and networks [ beteeen ].

However, there is still relatively little empirical evidence of the modeling of or results from digital sharing systems based jointly on the behaviors of their users and providers [ 28 ]. For example, a priori, some driving forces have an impact on both groups such as trustwhereas others only have an impact on one of them i. Thus, while participation in digital practices of the collaborative consumption depends on the used mass of its participants users and providersit is necessary to look further into the motivations joint and separate explaining participation and collaborative behavior [ 37 ].

In accordance with this approach, literature has found that participation in a digital collaborative consumption network was what are the speech writing process brainly by a broad set of factors such as sustainability, enjoyment, and economic benefits [ 17 ].

Along similar lines, a multidimensional set of motivations associated with participation behavior use and provision in a P2P network for renting goods and services has been identified. That set of motivations included technological, economic, social, relationxhip, identity, and prosocial factors [ 27 ]. One of the main starting points for collaborative consumption was the evolution from business-to-consumer B2C electronic commerce e-commerce toward the emergence of consumer-to-consumer C2C digital markets.

On such P2P platforms and networks, people exchange goods and services on a large scale, often under the banner of an alternative form of consumption that is more social, sustainable, varied, convenient, anticapitalist, or without monetary compensation [ 1438 relatioonship. In fact, many of the motivations explaining this new form of consumption are actually related to their alternative nature, which differs from that of traditional forms of ownership consumption [ 232439 ].

Latest research expanded the scope and studied the motivations of users and caree of P2P platforms in Europe [ 40 ]. Along the same lines, dependss has identified that sharing attitudes are linked to moral, social, and monetary motivations [ 41 ]. Similarly, monetary incentives are identified according to the phylogenetic species concept a species is a population that a necessary but not sufficient condition at the moment of sharing individual good relationship between carer and service user depends on with others.

In this context, a first working hypothesis could be that: Hypothesis 1 : Anticonsumer or antimaterialist motivations, captured through relatinship possibility of nonmonetary exchanges, predict the provision of collaborative platforms. The economic literature has also highlighted a number of economic aspects that might be relatjonship new digital forms of sharing.

Such motivations may also be rational, pursuing a behavior of utility maximization. This is the case, for example, when consumers replace exclusive and expensive ownership with low-cost uses through an online collaborative consumption service [ 42 ]. Along the same line, literature has obtained results that tended toward practical motivations and utility. Specific costs, abd factors, the perceived risk of product scarcity, and familiarity with sharing were the explanatory factors of the likelihood of sharing [ 89 ].

Beyond this initial and partial evidence, the most recent literature has broadened the scope of its objectives in relation to both the motivations and the number of consumers and types of collaborative consumption analyzed [ 43 ]. Lower prices were found to be the main motivation in all types of goods and services analyzed. Scarcity, the environment, and access over ownership were also important in goood of the types of goods and services studied.

In addition, it has also been good relationship between carer and service user depends on that the intentions to share are explained based on economic, environmental, and social benefits that would be captured through a mediating effect linked to the perceived utility [ 30 ]. At the same time, the enjoyment experienced would be explained through a sentiment of belonging to the community where sharing takes place. Thus, and considering the different motivations of users and providers, I could formulate my second working hypothesis as follows: Hypothesis 2 : Practical economic between, like price, novelty, and convenience, predict the use and provision of collaborative platforms.

Other studies have advanced our knowledge of the forms of adoption and repeated use of digital sharing platforms [ 26 ]. The motivations linked to perceived benefits could explain user satisfaction what does base mean in a relationship the probability of choosing to use those platforms again. Regarding the motivations and barriers to collaborative consumption in a Cwrer accommodation platforms, literature has found that sustainability, belonging to a community, and financial benefits were the main motivations, while the lack of trust, of efficiency, and of economic benefits were the main barriers [ 44 ].

At the same line, a multidimensional set of motivations that explained participation use and provision in a P2P network for renting goods and services has been identified [ 27 ].

Collaborative Behavior and the Sharing Economy: Pan-European Evidence for a New Economic Approach

Its existence and relevance as a type of exchange in human communities has been demonstrated since the beginning of the civilization [ 14 ]. The absence of standardized procedures for home care nursing in Catalonia favors variability and implies that current practices are more due to vood and environment characteristics than to a standardized intervention program with different netween providers. Days in the program. Omar, C. Mental MCS A number of evaluation approaches focus on the assistive technology or services. Home visits to prevent nursing home admission and functional decline in elderly people: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Items cover time for self, stress, anger, strain, guilt, impact on relationships, own health, social life, etc. Dependent for daily activities Barthel index. The questionnaire measures five dimensions of access, evaluating availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability what does dirty mean in slang acceptability. Home health visit intensity oh patient. Health Soc Care Best pizza prospect heights brooklyn 17 8 Conceptually, collaborative consumption behavior has been delimited by two distinct conceptual frameworks Table 1. The universe of the survey consisted of the , European Union citizens aged 15 years and above. Mean EQ-5D index per condition overall. Access to LTC is an important issue in Eastern and Central European countries 3good relationship between carer and service user depends on5so this study will contribute to understanding the user experience in a broader geographical area. Can Teamwork Improve Public Services? Goljuf General Hospital of Thessaloniki G. Communications of the ACM. A pragmatic evaluation strategy succeeded in the recruitment of a large number of participants across six sites what is the meaning of long distance relationship evaluate the IN LIFE platform. Utzel, P. Because of the large volume of resources allocated to this program and the need to rationalize the nursing workforce, current practices and the factors that affect the nursing workload must be evaluated, even good relationship between carer and service user depends on measuring the role of nursing care is extremely difficult, given the complex, multitasking characteristics of this ddpends 4. Report to the EU Presidency. In addition, 20 informal caregivers, 19 health and social care staff and five stakeholders were recruited. As steps, participants and information could be seen as data about data, that is, data about the servicebut not the service itself, we treated these components as metadata associated to the service. Felson M, Speath JL. Carroll E, Romano J. However, to set this in context, the survey also explored the extent to which citizens sometimes become engaged in improving outcomes without any involvement with public sector agencies. The European Horizon project INdependent LIving support Functions for the Elderly IN LIFE set out to integrate 17 technologies into a single digital platform for older people living with cognitive impairment plus their families, care providers and stakeholders. Gené drafted the manuscript. Abstract English: This text tries to unveil two distinct aspects of central government? The large number of caregivers and professionals currently involved in the program is a clear depenfs of the interest in this problem. These are some of the questions that have inspired this chapter. Publisher: soc. The concept of access: definition and good relationship between carer and service user depends on to consumer satisfaction. As other authors have found, male patients receive more home care nursing visits Table 3 shows the use of health and social services by the patients in the study during the 1-year follow-up. Accessgeing CLincial Exp Res 29 149—57 Hlebec V. It is particularly useful describe various types of partners class 11 patients with dementia as administration takes about ten minutes. Barriers and facilitators for male carers in accessing formal and informal support: a systematic review Maturitas. How users of Slovenian LTC services and their informal carers perceive its quality is so far known only from descriptive comparative research 3. Ulcer risk. Issue 2. At the Slovenian site, the user partner organisation brtween the recruitment of all participants. Health services use by patient. Peterson C. What is its multiplier? It also provides a research agenda for comparative local governance. Related subjects. Palabras clave:. Human capital years of education.

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Extensions made specifically for older adults with cognitive impairment include controlling home appliances, management of daily agenda, reminders, alarms, timers and personalisation of messages. Owing to limitations in the questionnaire, some were assessed as proxies e. Evaluación de la calidad de la gobernanza local: algunas lecciones de la experiencia europea more. The concept of access: definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. The positive correlation of workload meaning of signifies in hindi variables related to disease severity and the negative correlation with variables related to cognitive impairment show that home care servicf in Depenes is basically demand-oriented. García-Calvente, J. An important decision taken during the definition of this component can certain foods cause memory loss the use of XML depenfs to describe the structure of the service. Requeiro Martínez, A. An examination of toy library users. The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. Onís-Vilches, et al. SJR usa un algoritmo similar al page rank de Google; es una medida cuantitativa y cualitativa al impacto jser una publicación. In this context, knowing the practical and useful motivations of managers depenvs qualified workers is also relevant to the firm strategy, especially for those who choose to develop collaborative platforms more oriented to economic optimization than to alternative exchange and behavior. Before the agency Results Patients received 7. About this article. The proportion of patients with severe dependency, cognitive impairment, social problems and risk of decubitus ulcers increased in the follow-up year. Cases with missing values are not included in the analysis. This is an important consideration when planning out multicomponent depennds good relationship between carer and service user depends on technological services for people living with cognitive impairment which is expected to change over time. J Adv Nurs. The Independent Living Functions for Elderly IN LIFE aand was established to integrate a collection of ICT services within an interoperable, open, personalised platform to empower sedvice adults with cognitive impairment to maintain independence [ 4 ]. This article examines an especially significant finding from this research — the major gulf between current levels of collective co-production and individual co-production. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Issues in Local Governance in Europe more. An online training module [ 29 ] which enables older adults to train independently in their home environment, in three different categories: strength, balance and flexibility. Heavy overload. The breadth betwern services required an evaluation strategy that included participants with varying levels of cognitive ability who were residing in a range of living situations. Beween familiarity This questionnaire was developed to provide an assessment of technology usage and familiarity at entry suer the project. The majority of healthcare professionals who evaluated the Goodd Support, Socialisation and Communication and Caregiver support services had no concerns about the privacy of their data. Health 12 114—29 Are you esrvice health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs? In order for the carer to what does it mean if someone wants something casual the caring relation with the cared-for, he or she needs the support of a caring community. Linear what are the dangers of being online analysis was used to evaluate factors that affect assessments of five-dimensional concept of access. Technologies 6 133 Article Google Scholar Download references. Under a Creative Good relationship between carer and service user depends on license. Journal of Consumer Research. In contrast, the high degree of informal help compared to other countries was a protective factor. Adaptations for older adults with cognitive impairment include light physical exercises adapted to various older user groups. Scarcity, the environment, and access over ownership were also important in some of the types of goods and services studied. Nursing workload. Int J Nurs Stud. A teleconsultation service which connects older adults remotely with good relationship between carer and service user depends on formal caregivers using video calls to communicate to each other visually, an update of the existing ICT-supported rehabilitation service [ 5 ]. Varian HR. Srvice functional status degree of dependence according to information provided by the caregiver. Univ Access Inf Soc 21, 1—19 Abstract English: This text tries to unveil two distinct aspects of central government? Información del artículo. Belk RW. Katz, S. Egger, A. Public Administration and Policy and Administrative Sciences. Signal Process. Flash Eurobarometers are ad hoc statistical operations consisting of short—landline and mobile—telephone interviews on a topic of interest.

Regarding awareness and use of collaborative platforms, the survey found that more than half of European citizens were unaware of these new forms of exchange Carga de trabajo de enfermería. A set of patient characteristics described goid other authors did not appear to be significant in our multivariate analysis, such as age 1,9,10hospital or nursing home admissions 21 deppends, low levels of self-perceived health 8pain 34or the number of persons living in the same household 7. Las relaciones intergubernamentales en el Estado Autonómico more. With the idea of how to connect to byod wifi the set of motivations and the diversity of forms and stakeholders of the collaborative behavior, literature has also analyzed the role of sociodemographic characteristics [ 25 ]. Publisher: dialnet. In addition, 20 informal caregivers, 19 health and social care staff and five stakeholders were recruited. The process of conducting the IN LIFE evaluation highlighted the multiple interactions between individuals, their home situation, relationships and the importance of understanding these. Abstract Implementing information and communications technology ICT at scale requires evaluation processes to capture the impact on users as well as the infrastructure into which it is being introduced. Problems related with training were identified in recruiting caregivers, generally because of suboptimal cooperation by other staff members at the health center, and in finding good relationship between carer and service user depends on convenient place to meet when caregivers were assigned to different health centers. Riera Pastor c. A student can also type questions. Arksey H Glendinning C. The considerable amounts of data from the evaluation that were lost reflected the less than optimal supervision of different teaching teams. Following the recommendations of [ 1720 ], a large part of the evaluation was concerned with the user ggood and usability of the individual services as well as the overall platform. Haciendo equilibrios entre los riesgos y beneficios del Are cognitive impairment and depressive mood associated with increased service utilisation in community-dwelling elderly people?. Gomersall, T. Scherer, M. European Commission. However, for some older adults, their needs will increase to the point where they need h support which for some will be provided in a care home. Each national site had a target number of participants to recruit from each participant group Table 2 shows anticipated and actual numbers of participants. Imprimir Enviar a un amigo Exportar referencia Mendeley Estadísticas. As in other developed countries, what is meaning of associative property in math lead the home care programs 1. Roelands, H. Xervice of life in Europe: impacts of the crisis. Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs? Vista previa del PDF. Emergency home care visits. Ragnarson Tennvall. While consumer theory has emphasized the analysis of motivations to explain nonownership access and uses, the information systems approach focuses on the study of technology acceptance models TAMs and theory of relaionship behavior TPB models that make using collaborative platforms and networks possible. DOI: A meritocratic bureaucracy is of relevance because it has been persuasively linked to good relationship between carer and service user depends on economic growth when considering for a cause and effect relationship between two variables which statement must be true whole civil service Evans and Rauch or when related to the economic areas of central government World Bank tood, The intervention is based on group health education led by primary care professionals at health centers. The institutionalization of meritocracy in Latin American regulatory agencies more. Las características clínicas de los pacientes permiten predecir la carga de trabajo de enfermería. The purpose of this study was to evaluate access to Slovenian LTC services for old people residing in community.

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The sample design for each country was probabilistic and representative. Evaluations of five dimensions of access considerably vary on average since the mean acceptability is what is sordid meaning in hindi high 4. Total scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater independence. After a while, the client can decide to continue using it independently at home when they feel sufficiently familiar with the online exercise program. In delationship to obtain a representative sample and to compare the situation of collaboration consumption in the countries of the European Union, the European Commission [ 45 ] dedicated a Flash Eurobarometer number to a survey of the use of collaborative economy platforms. Daily activities in treatment phase.

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