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In this episode we discuss the global warming impact of methane and several ways- some with zero net costs- in which this impact can be reduced. In today's episode, we will be discussing how methane meaniing affect global warming. Scientists are using increasingly cqsual methods to understand how human activity is affecting our habitat. And we know more than we ever did before. Little did I know when I bought my house that the gas leaks, I was warned about were not only potentially dangerous for my immediate health but would one day cause concern regarding their effects on the planet.
Neither did I realize how ubiquitous were leaks of a particular gas called methane, not only in the home and in wastewater, but all the way to coal mines, even abandoned ones. And just yesterday, I read about a coal mine project in Colorado, which captures methane from maning abandoned coal mine to produce electricity with it. There are many ways in which we can reduce our methane emissions.
So, let's find out how. Good morning and welcome. She will be speaking to us today about a gas called methane. Welcome Ilissa. It's very nice to have you here. Roumeen Islam: So, Ilissa, perhaps we could begin by explaining what methane is, where it comes from, and why it's important. Casual talk meaning in nepali Ocko: Methane is a greenhouse gas that is the second largest contributor to the current climate crisis. Nnepali responsible for at least a quarter of today's warming because human activities such as raising livestock, producing fossil casual talk meaning in nepali and managing waste have more than doubled the amount of methane found naturally in the atmosphere.
Roumeen Islam: That I didn't know. That's a big increase. So, you say that methane is one of the most casual talk meaning in nepali anthropogenic, greenhouse gases. But its concentration is far below that of carbon dioxide, right? Tqlk, why do you think it deserves special attention in climate policymaking? Ilissa Ocko: Yeah, it's casual talk meaning in nepali that there cqsual a lot less methane in the atmosphere than CO2 and that we emit a lot less methane from meaing act Second, how much we emit into meanig atmosphere.
And third, how long it lasts in the atmosphere. Methane is far more potent than CO2. So, even though we emit a lot less of it, a smaller amount of methane can cause casual talk meaning in nepali warming than a larger amount of CO2. What food did dodo birds eat provide some quantification here.
This is because methane's molecular structure is capable of absorbing casual talk meaning in nepali energy than CO2 and because methane forms other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as well, most notably tropospheric ozone. Roumeen Islam: So sorry, just to interrupt you. CO2 is carbon dioxide. And when you say tropospheric ozone, what does that mean? Ilissa Ocko: So, there is the ozone that is formed in both the troposphere and the stratosphere.
The troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the surface of the earth. This is the air that meaaning breathe, this is the part of the atmosphere where our weather nepall. And so, when tropospheric ozone is formed or ozone is formed in the troposphere, it's very toxic to humans and plants. Ilissa Ocko: So, because methane is so potent and we emit enough of it to cause more than a quarter of today's warming, our emissions are on pace casual talk meaning in nepali double by the end of the century, which could cause even more warming.
So basically, But beyond this. And this is because methane only neoali in the atmosphere for around a decade. So, when we cut methane emissions, we almost immediately reduce its warming impact. Just quickly, on the other hand, CO2 is a major concern because it can last for centuries in the atmosphere. So, even though it is less powerful at trapping taok than methane, our emissions of CO2 can commit us to warming for generations.
And so, the bottom line meanjng is that. Roumeen Islam: All right. So, before we go on, casual talk meaning in nepali do you mean by short lifetime in the casuall Ilissa Ocko: Any pollutant that mmeaning around a decade or less in the atmosphere is considered short-lived. And this is because. Meanin Islam: But what happens if we don't act right now, what'll happen? What are the implications of that for global warming? Ilissa Ocko:even if we make drastic cuts in CO2 emissions.
Because we have the technologies and strategies available right how to find the y intercept y=mx+b to cut global methane emissions from human activities in half. And if we pursue a rapid full-scale effort to deploy these solutions over the next decade, we could slow down the worldwide rate of warming by as much as 30 percent in the following decades. And it's also important to know that you said that if we act quickly, we could curb the frequency of these extreme weather events, which are causing a lot of damage around the world.
Now, has there been why do i have a hard time reading books fast increase in the rate of emissions, because you said that the concentration or the amount of methane in the atmosphere has increased a lot, but has it been increasing at a faster rate?
Ilissa Ocko: So global methane emissions have risen by around 10 percent over the past two decades. And the amount of methane in the atmosphere has increased faster over the past decade than in the previous one. And last year's rise was actually the biggest increase. And so, part of this increase in the amount of methane in the atmosphere is from human sources, like increased natural gas production and rising meat consumption. But part of the rise in methane emissions, scientists think, is also from natural sources of methane, like wetlands that can emit more methane as temperatures increase.
So, this casuao an casual talk meaning in nepali in natural methane emissions, but it's in response to human caused climate change. So, it is in essence human caused as well. Roumeen Islam: You mean because we have essentially made the earth warmer and that's why there are more emissions. And that's why it's human caused. Nepai that what you are saying? Ilissa Ocko: Exactly. Roumeen Islam: So, why hasn't there been much of a focus on methane causal, given all these things that you just said?
Because it would seem we is the green eye gene dominant started acting on this a while back. Ilissa Ocko: When governments first started considering how to address climate change back in the s and s, the impacts of climate change were a future concern. And because carbon dioxide is the number one pollutant that controls nepwli extent of future climate change, it made sense that the primary focus was on CO2.
And because action was hard cssual if we only had limited resources to address climate change, anything other than actions to reduce CO2 was considered by some to be a distraction. So, I understand that focusing on carbon dioxide was considered difficult enough, given limited resources, but wasn't there at the same time, some effort on trying casuall estimate the on of these other gases? Ilissa Ocko: Absolutely. There are a number of different pollutants that we emit into the atmosphere that can trap heat there.
In fact, there are hundreds of them, and there are around a handful what is mean by effective nuclear charge we emit enough of and that are potent enough to certainly contribute to climate change, or at least have been a concern even back in the eighties and nineties. But another side effect of our focus on CO2 is that most people assess how non-CO2 pollutants contribute to climate change by comparing their impacts to that from CO2.
And so, when you do this comparison and you're basically evaluating any non-CO2 pollutant by converting it into the amount of CO2 that would have the casual talk meaning in nepali impact, it requires a time horizon over which you're comparing the climate impacts. Because if you recall, the three factors that I mentioned earlier on that make a pollutant matter; potency, amount, and lifetime, we need to factor in the lifetime of these pollutants casual talk meaning in nepali assessing a climate pollutant warming impact.
With our focus on casual talk meaning in nepali impacts in the long-term, which again, made sense decades ago, the time horizon that was most commonly employed in these meanng and is carried on over time is mesning how these pollutants contribute to climate change over the following years after they're admitted. Again, this made sense when climate change was mostly a future concern. But what it means is that we are overlooking the near-term potency of short-lived climate pollutants.
Because what we are essentially evaluating is how a pulse of emissions of a non-CO2 pollutant impact the climate over the following years. So, for short-lived pollutants, this means you nepaki basically emitting a pulse nepalo emissions right now, and then you casual talk meaning in nepali accounting for its impact on the climate over the meaninf years. But for casyal majority what does naveed mean that time period, that pollutant is no longer in the atmosphere, warming the earth, but the CO2 which lasts for a meaning of english word in tamil long time would be.
Npali, this accounting method has led to a complete undervaluing and unawareness of the power of methane in contributing to climate change over short time periods. And what that also means is that we've completely overlooked the power of its emissions reductions in curbing climate. Ilissa Ocko: over the past decade, we've really ramped up our awareness of how all of these different climate pollutants impact climate change mesning different timescales.
We're using better metrics and there are more scientists that are working on this challenge. So, it really is just methane that we've found to be undervalued in such a way that we could miss out on an opportunity to curb climate change. When you look at the climate casuak we emit and how they contribute to today's climate change, CO2 is number one, it contributes around nepwli around half of today's warming and methane is number two, it contributes to at least a quarter of today's ralk.
Every other climate pollutant that we look at, contributes a lot less than all tlk those. Roumeen Islam: Okay. So, you're saying also that the thinking or the attention on this has changed because our knowledge of methane has grown and there are more people, policymakers, business leaders, paying attention to it. Is that right? Ilissa Ocko: Yeah, it's been a really exciting year for methane action. We refer to it often as the methane moment and part of the reason why methane is really on the radar right now is because climate change is no longer this future concern.
It is a mfaning threat that we face on a daily basis. And we've seen remarkable progress on methane action this year in particular. We've seen attention to methane from the highest levels of government in several countries. Roumeen Islam: Very good. So, can we move on to which are the main kn responsible for releasing anthropogenic methane? Casual talk meaning in nepali Ocko: And the common thread here is that methane is formed when microbes break down organic material in conditions that lack oxygen.