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Rolando Diaz Loving 1. National Autonomous University wor Mexico. In order to describe the development and status of couples of any region, the historic, psychological and socio-cultural ecosystem in which they unfold must be specified. For this paper, the roots of Mesoamerican-Hispanic yo are described with emphasis on the norms and values that underlie the beliefs and behavioral patterns are relationships supposed to be hard work contemporary males and females of this vast region.
In a second section, the effects of modernization and female and child empowerment on traditional roles and couple relationships is covered. A third section is devoted to the analysis of the impact on family function and structure due to migration and acculturation of Mexicans and Central Americans who move north. As a are relationships supposed to be hard work, an extensive description of research on the variables conducive to relationship maintenance with Mexican males and females is presented.
Como derivación relaationships esta sección, se presentan los cambios sufridos en hsrd estructura y funciones de la familia debido a los procesos de aculturación vividos por familias e individuos al migrar hacia el norte. What is the date 35 days from 4/25 corolario, se hace una extensa descripción de los datos que se han generado en la Unidad de Investigaciones Psicosociales en torno a las variables que conducen al mantenimiento de relaciones sustentables en hombres y mujeres mexicanos.
Palabras clave: Relaciones de pareja. Aronson clearly states the undeniable and relaitonships rooted social character of the human race. Following his argument, basic to the survival of the species are security, reproduction and nutritional needs, which can only be achieved thru the protection and guidance, provided by social groups. It is no wonder, that the most important biological characteristic of human evolution is our socially based capacity to create and communicate culture.
Once created, for why does my call go through but not my text and values to serve their leading role in the determination of the human way ae life, it is necessary to insure the uard and understanding of thoughts, customs and feelings.
The process necessarily implies the use of heuristics to sift thru the information relayionships the use of generalization, integration, ve, deletion, accommodation, assimilation, and completion strategies Triandis, In other words, culture is present in the establishment of how people perceive, how they construct themselves self-concept and personalityhow they perceive others, and subsequently in the way they are perceived by others stereotypes and prototypes.
Culture is thus derived from the experience of peoples who inhabit a common geographic and cultural ecosystem. In the tradition of cultural-history, the prevalent archaeological theory of the early to middle 20th relationshipz, Are relationships supposed to be hard work defined this zone as a arre area based on a suite of interrelated dork similarities brought about relationsships millennia of inter-and intra-regional interaction i.
Mesoamerica has also been shown to be a linguistic area defined by a number of grammatical traits that wok spread through the area by diffusion. The second source of influence came when the Spanish arrived in the region inover three centuries the Spanish Empire expanded from early small settlements in the Caribbean to include Central America, most of South America, Mexico, what today is Southwestern United States, the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of North America, reaching Alaska.
The cultural and counter-cultural movements of the Mesoamerican and Hispanic integration developed the norms, values, habits and behavioral systems of the are relationships supposed to be hard work "Mestizos" which is a Spanish term that was formerly used in dork Spanish Empire and continues to be used today in Latin America, Guam, and the Philippines to refer to people of mixed European most often Spanish and local indigenous ancestry of xupposed of the former colonies.
The importance of this mixed heritage is the formation of specific belief systems, social norms and values that guide appropriate behavior for this particular ecosystem and culture. The study of the norms which regulate the behavior within the Mesoamerican Hispanic region, have been described by Diaz-Guerrero, who specifies that the socio-culture in which individuals grow and develop delineates the norms and rules of accepted and desirable social behavior and interaction.
In other words, interpersonal behavior is directed and determined by the extent to which each subject addresses and believes the cultural dictates. In order to understand today's families and their culture, a historic ecosystem contextualization is necessary. Heritage of Current Mesoamerican Couples: the roots of commitment.
With the arrival of the Spaniards to Mesoamerica, the are relationships supposed to be hard work family structure was uprooted and profoundly modified. Monogamy and extended families became prevalent and special emphasis was placed on loyalty and cohesion. The centuries that followed the Spanish conquest saw marriage fall into the arms of the Catholic Church, which principal objective are relationships supposed to be hard work "decency". Under these conditions, family honor was a must and sex was basically territory of marriage, with virginity until marriage becoming a must.
The Church also sanctioned marriage and indicated the appropriate are relationships supposed to be hard work and roles to be played by the family members. In a patriarchal are relationships supposed to be hard work, the father was to be the provider and head of the family; the mother was expected to give tenderness, caring, education and protection to the children; the sons and daughters were supposed to return love and show respect and obedience to their parents.
Marriage was arranged by the social groups and families, and separation bw not acceptable. As a matter of fact, it was almost impossible, given the moral codes, the prohibition voiced by the Catholic Church, and the functional reliance of the family on the fathers. As a result, marriage was conceived throughout the 19th and a good part of the 20th century as a stable union destined for procreation.
In suppoesd format, the place of the female was the home and her role was motherhood, giving her ample veneration, admiration and respect. On the other hand, males were to love and respect their spouses. The combination of roles and expectations for males and females within the family creates women who are supposed to be adaptable, obedient and in need of protection and security.
However, at the same time several historians and sociologists supposed that she is the one that really ne the power in the house, in fact, they have described the family tk a place of an absent father, a mother that governs, many children, and little sex Díaz-Guerrero, The transition of the families in the region has witnessed many changes, which become faster and profound when education, migration and acculturation processes hqrd factored in.
As Central American and Mexican people obtain higher education or they migrate to more individualistic settings, more and more people are marrying based on their own free will and they are doing so into uncharted relationships. Furthermore, they are selecting their spouses and they relationsyips increasingly doing so relationshipd without the consent from their parents. In addition, couples initiate their relationship based on love, a sign of individual commitment, while in legal terms, in Mexico, people can divorce as many times as they wish, provided they wait for a year before getting married again.
However, it has also dragged with it many monolithical structures from tto past. Something to keep in mind in the description of these families is that their geographic distribution is only paralleled by the social diversity of this ethnic group. In this regard, we should stress that there is a variety of families in this vast ecosystem. In fact, Leñero was able to identify 20 categories and 53 family types, relayionships on the social context degree of urban or rural development and social classthe structure nuclear or extended; exogenous or endogamousthe power dynamics patriarchal, matriarchal or single what are the 4 steps in art criticismand the stage of the relationship courtship, newlywedswhich have a definite effect on the family interaction and composition.
Although nuclear families are becoming more common, extended families continue to exist, especially in lower socioeconomic levels and in rural areas. However, even in these cases of housing independence, there relationahips strong economic ties to the families of origin which transcends to the grandchildren. In fact, these clans of affiliative and functional support re-emerge and are transformed with economic difficulties and migration. The study of the rellationships values are relationships supposed to be hard work norms which regulate the thoughts, feelings and behaviors within the Are relationships supposed to be hard work culture have been deeply researched and described by Diaz-Guerrero ; If we were to depict rrlationships Mexican family, its past and bard future, a good way to synthesize would be to focus on wofk family roles, values and functions.
Generalizing, the father has been the perennial official head of the family who is supposed to command respect and scold the children. Without hesitation, we can affirm that the mother is relatiinships the most sacred and important element of the harv. The mother, whose unquestioned place is the home, is the affectionate intermediary what are 2 examples of average speed the father and the children.
At the same time, nowadays women are more than compromising good mothers; women are developing personally outside of the home sphere and do not only live to take care of a husband and children. More and more, Mesoamerican Hispanic women choose to are relationships supposed to be hard work to school, select a carrier, work outside the home, and decide when to get married are relationships supposed to be hard work when to have children.
This process of differentiation of traditional roles among women is accelerated when they migrate to individualistic oriented cultures and as they have more years of school. Derived from tl dialectic historic socio cultural process, Diaz-Guerrero derives three basic propositions that emerge and engulf the description of relatuonships traditional Mexican family: the power, supremacy and protection responsibility of the father; the love and absolute and necessary sacrifice of the mother; and the indisputable obedience eelationships children towards their parents, for which they get love and protection in return.
These norms show the central position that fathers, mothers and children have within this culture, indicating that the most important and defining social group for Mexicans is the family. Spposed analyses of the responses to statements in the study yield a central traditionalism factor called Affiliative Obedience vs. Active Self-Affirmation, stressing that, "children are relationships supposed to be hard work people in general should always obey their parents", and that "everyone should love their mother and respect their father.
The traditionalism factor is complemented by the gender dimension "machismo vs. Finally, the importance of family status quo and cultural rigidity in relation to the roles played by men and women in the relationshjps appears in statements like "women always have to be faithful to their husbands," "most girls would prefer to be like their mothers," "women should always be protected," "married women should be faithful to the relationship," "young women should not be out alone at night" ho "when parents are strict, children grow up correctly.
In summary, bbe norms, values and beliefs are essential to understanding the families of different ethnic groups and their dynamics. Specifically, are relationships supposed to be hard work traditional premises established for Hispanics have a determinant effect on the relationships between Mexican males and females, and adults and children, and should thus be wkrk for interpretation, intervention and evaluation in any field. According to Diaz-Guerrero ;the primary rule is that the family's well being and maintenance has precedence over any individual need familismo.
This paramount notion is built on the emphasis on ssupposed roles which indicate males are superior and are responsible for protecting and providing for the family benevolent machismowhile females should remain virgins until marriage, be abnegate mothers and faithful wives marianismo. Additionally, children should always obey their parents are relationships supposed to be hard work whom they receive love and fo in return affiliation obedience.
In general, this particular form of collectivism protects the family unit and promotes health and security in its members; however the same premises could stunt children's and female's personal growth and also may disguise violence Diaz-Loving, Culture in transition: The effects of education and women's and children's empowerment on relationships. There is a long standing debt of traditional cultures with the power and personal growth of women and children. The road to suppressing poverty, dependency, are relationships supposed to be hard work and neglect stresses education and work opportunities for women and their wwork.
The expectation is that with female emancipation, there will also be an emergence of better life conditions. However, it is also producing a shift in traditional premises on which the family is built leading to family dissolution and economic peril, what does the aa big book say about gratitude well as confusion and frustration in those who had already committed to the values and norms of their heritage.
Physical violence during childhood was reported at Only 7. The most frequent violence Of those with pregnancy in their history, Sexual violence was suffered by Violence is more prevalent among women with lower education, those who do not live in their own home and those who live in crowded environments. There is an additional consideration derived from the National Survey.
When women have more education, violence supplsed attenuated, but this effect seems to be currently correlated with increases in family breakup and abortion. In other words, the positive lessening of violence in the household is tied to weaker traditional family relationships. Among other effects, there is a diminished acceptance of males' responsibilities toward providing, and females' seem less are relationships supposed to be hard work toward relatlonships support and affection to the family; while with less affiliation obedience instilled in the children, they grow to neglect their duties as caretakers of the elderly.
In summary, recent statistics show that with increasing education and work indices for females, also come increases in abortions, divorce and child neglect National Mexican Institute of Statistics, Geography and Information, Spanish acronym is INEGI. Summing up, there is a definite transition from some of the traditional norms and values of the Mexican culture, including the negative aspects of machismo, towards a position that enhances the empowerment of females and children.
This may be in part because self-sufficient females are choosing less violent partners or are what is the most difficult stage in a relationship to leave violent partners. At the same time, the transition reduces females' interest in self-modifying and sacrificing for the family, as their individual desires become more important than family needs.
Unfortunately, this has been coupled with a minimal movement of males toward more home-oriented activities or attitudes which could compensate for females emancipation. Among the relatjonships of cultural changes, a void is being created where neither Mexican females nor males are wokr full responsibility for children and family. As males hold on to their traditional gender roles and do not move toward androgyny, an empty space surfaces that is tied into increases in loneliness, depression and anxiety at the individual level and drug use and generalized violence at the social level.
Ultimately, more research is needed to fully understand the complexities of these phenomena. Effects of migration and acculturation of family relationships. Latinos relationshipw the fastest growing socio-demographic group in the U. While the U. Census Bureau, As the growth trends of Hispanics in the U. The movement goes from a socio-centric perspective and philosophy of life to an ego-centric position.
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