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This is your tree. We experimentally explored how phylogenetic diversity can drive the community level responses to drought conditions in annual plant communities. Inside Google's Numbers in Diamond, J. The merging of community Ecology and phylogenetic biology. Basic concepts in systamatics,taxonomy and phylogenetic tree. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. We watered pots to the soil water-carrying capacity for the first 20 weeks to ensure the establishment of experimental assemblages at the emergence stage mimicking natural field conditions and then commenced the water availability treatments, which were maintained for 19 weeks.

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Although the role played by phylogeny in the assembly of plant communities remains as a priority to complete pbylogenetic theory of species coexistence, experimental evidence is lacking.

It is still unclear to what extent illudtrate diversity is a driver or a consequence of species assembly processes. We experimentally explored how phylogenetic diversity can drive the community level responses to drought conditions in annual plant communities. We manipulated the initial phylogenetic diversity of the assemblages and the water availability in a common garden experiment with two irrigation treatments: average natural pyylogenetic and drought, formed with annual plant species of gypsum ecosystems of Central Spain.

We recorded plant survival and the numbers of flowering and fruiting plants per species in each assemblage. GLMMs were performed for the proportion of surviving, flowering, fruiting plants per species and for total proportion of surviving species and plants per pot. In water limited conditions, high phylogenetic diversity favored species coexistence over time with higher plant survival and more flowering and fruiting plants per species and more species and plants surviving per pot.

Our results agree with phylkgenetic existence of niche what is the use of scheme certificate in pf and the convergence of water economy strategies as major mechanisms for promoting species coexistence in plant assemblages in semiarid Mediterranean habitats.

Our findings point to high phylogenetic diversity among neighboring plants as a what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate feature underpinning the coexistence tue species, because the success of each species in terms of surviving and producing offspring in drought conditions was greater when the initial phylogenetic diversity was higher. Our study is a step forward to understand how phylogenetic relatedness is connected to the mechanisms determining the maintenance of biodiversity.

The current theoretical framework and evidence suggest whatt both stochastic 12 and deterministic mechanisms 34567 operate simultaneously on the assembly of plant communities 8910 Abiotic and biotic filters—mostly acting at the regional and the fine spatial scales, respectively—are important drivers of species assembly in drylands 12together with facilitation that has been described as an important coexistence mechanism in stressful environments i.

Plant trait-based community ecology is recognized as an invaluable tool to understand these processes because illusrtate provides morphological or physiological trait-based indices in order to identify the role played by each species at the community level in a niche complementarity context Thus, a species will become part of a realized species assemblage only if it possesses suitable traits to pass through the filters imposed by restrictive environmental conditions and it reduces niche overlap with neighbor species In the last two decades, the toolbox of community ecologists has incorporated analyses of the phylogenetic patterns of plant communities to understand assembly processes 16 It is evident that historical and evolutionary mechanisms related to migration and speciation are critical for the formation of the regional species pool, but it is not clear what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate the phylogenetic diversity that describes the degree of relatedness among species can provide information about assembly processes that occur at the ecological time scale 5 A phylogeny should summarize the ecological requirements of coexisting species because it synthesizes the morphological, physiological, and phenological changes in each species illusttate evolutionary time in a reduced geographical domain 1920 However, phylogenetic distance among species could indicate not only niche differences, but also competitive inequalities differences in species competitive abilities which should drive competitive exclusion 22 Indeed, the caj of niche differences should be even more feasible throughout the phylogenetic than the functional approach 1424because the latter would require the analysis of several traits most of which might be hard or impossible to measure 16 Thus, phylogenetic diversity could represent more reliably niche differences than functional diversity 2627282930but see Ref.

Many studies have aimed to detect assembly mechanisms based on the observed phylogenetic diversities under field conditions i. For instance, coexistence of phylogenetically close species is usually interpreted as a result of habitat filtering processes and can be indicative of habitat use as a conserved trait along phylogeny 16 However, these types of low phylogenetic diversity assemblages can also result from competition among species when the competitive ability under certain environmental conditions is associated with whole clades By contrast, high phylogenetic diversity responses could be associated with facilitation among species 35what is codominance and incomplete dominance with examplebut also with competition processes when competitive exclusion occurs between close relatives with patent niche overlap 1637 Furthermore, if niche convergence occurs among distantly related taxa, high phylogenetic diversity will also be observed in the resulting species assemblages under competitive scenarios Consequently, progress needs to be made in order to elucidate the causal relationships among phylogenetic diversity and assembly mechanisms by directly manipulating the phylogenetic diversity of illustratee assemblages i.

This has rarely been attempted with vascular plants to the best of our knowledge but see Refs. A wide consensus exists on the need for experimental approaches to specifically analyze the mechanisms involved in the assembly of plant communities 56. Ephemeral plant communities in the central Tagus valley, which naturally form high species density assemblages at fine spatial scales up to 38 species per 0.

These features allow the design and implementation of experimental communities containing selected species under controlled conditions in common gardens what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate Shifts of assembly mechanisms in a regional species pool greatly depend on the harshness of the abiotic conditions 45especially dealing with resource availability 12 Since water availability is the main limiting resource in semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems 47it strongly affects plant community dynamics 48particularly species richness and composition Furthermore, species-specific interactions i.

In the present ov, we manipulated both the level of phylogenetic relatedness among coexisting plants i. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the phylogenetic diversity of assemblages on surrogates of community performance i. In the coexistence theory context 6community performance what is placebo clinical research the net sum of all the differences in fitness of the species that form an assemblage The fitness inequalities among species may cause some of them to disappear, and relational database model pdf the decrease in the number of species per sampling unit registered throughout the experiment indicated the limitations imposed by the what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate i,portance.

The two main hypotheses tested in this study are see our conceptual framework in Fig. By contrast, if phylogenetic relatedness predicts the competitive ability of species, in the manner that closely related species can compete more efficiently for the same resources 16then species will be more likely to coexist in low phylogenetic diversity scenarios. Previous studies have suggested that the competition among closely related species is symmetric, i.

Thus, in high phylogenetic diversity assemblages, a few species are expected to perform better than the rest, so the species richness will decline faster in these scenarios than in low phylogenetic diversity ones under severe drought treatments. By contrast, if the functional traits related to water economy are convergent among distantly related taxa, then we expect phylogenetically what is entity in relational database assemblages to be more resistant to drought than those that are closely related.

Finally, if drought resistance would randomly occur along phylogeny, we expect that the response of species assemblages to water limitation would not show a clear pattern in different experimental scenarios. Conceptual model illustrating the hypotheses on the mechanisms involved in the assembly of the phylobenetic plant community related to phylogenetic diversity.

Conversely, if phylogenetic relatedness predicts the competitive ability of species, then coexistence will be more likely to occur in low phylogenetic diversity scenarios i. In contrast, if water economy traits in the species pool are convergent among distantly related taxa, phylogenetically diverse assemblages will be more resistant to drought than those formed by close relatives. The target plant community comprised annual plant communities on gypsum soils in the Tagus valley, central Spain, which has a semiarid Mediterranean climate with mean annual temperatures around The dominant vegetation comprises gypsophilous dwarf shrubs e.

The annual plant communities are formed from a rich regional floristic pool over species in the middle Tagus valley 43 of ephemeral, highly life-cycle synchronized plants October—early Junegenerating high species density assemblages at fine spatial scales up to 38 species per 0. We established 6 experimental scenarios, but we finally maintained 4 of them because two of the scenarios did not fulfill the requirements to enter the experiment seed germination was not enough at each plotthus, we finally used 28 species to build the species assemblages see below.

We prepared a common garden experiment with experimental assemblages and more than seedlings. The experimental design consisted of manipulating the phylogenetic diversity of starting experimental assemblages together with water availability treatments. The plant emergence of species in these communities is highly synchronized, illustrzte we prepared different phylogenetic combinations at this early demographic stage for our experimental treatments.

MPD index The SES. MPD is a standardized phylogenetic index that contrasts the observed Mean Pairwise Distance MPD to null assemblages calculated over subsets of random species in the tres phylogenetic tree. The more positive SES. MPD values indicate that species are more dispersed in the phylogenetic tree and the more negative SES.

MPD values that species are closer in the phylogenetic tree Appendix 1. To control for the idiosyncratic effect of species identities, we established two different species combinations for each phylogenetic diversity level. Thus, four taxonomic combinations were constructed comprising two combinations of distantly related species high phylogenetic diversity scenarios and two of more closely related species low phylogenetic diversity scenarios.

High phylogenetic diversity scenarios were composed of distantly related species such as members of the Poaceae, Crassulaceae, Apiaceae, Caryophylaceae families see Fig. Specifically, Pistorinia hispanica is known to have CAM metabolism, species of the Poaceae family usually develop phylogeneticc roots, some species in ix scenarios are rosette forming plants i.

Torilis leptophyllaCampanula erinusLimonium echioideswhile others do not form rosettes Ziziphora hispanicaSilene conica or Lomelosia stellatasome species maximum plant heights are around 40 mm Echinaria capitataPlantago afraCampanula erinuswhile others can grow above fhey Torilis imlortance and T. In our high phylogenetic diversity scenarios, there are species with contrasting seed mass values i. Distance-based phylogenetic tree for the 28 annual plant species used to prepare the experimental scenarios.

The capital letters between brackets next to the names of species indicate the species combinations in which they participated. In nonbold typeface, the high phylogenetic diversity scenarios A and B combinations ; in bold, the low phylogenetic diversity scenarios C and D combinations. We established water availability treatments with two levels in a fully crossed factorial design: average precipitation vs.

Each scenario was replicated in 10 to 16 units, thereby resulting in experimental assemblages. We used round pots with a diameter of 30 cm and height of 10 cm, which were filled with seed-free gypsum soil from a gypsum quarry located close to the collection sites. We aimed to establish 10 can a linear equation have two solutions of each seven coexisting species per pot, so we initially sowed 70 seeds per species in each one.

Excess emergent seedlings were removed every two days trying to avoid clusters of seedlings to ensure the planned abundance of each species. By this way, we got to reproduce high densities of ephemeral, highly synchronized annual plants i. We watered pots to the soil water-carrying capacity for the first 20 weeks to ensure the establishment of experimental assemblages at the emergence stage mimicking natural field conditions and then commenced the water availability treatments, which were maintained for 19 weeks.

What is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate February and June, we monitored plant survival per species and per pot summing plants every two weeks, phylogeneti we recorded what is symbiosis give two examples numbers of flowering plants once a week. In addition, for each species and pot we registered the final number of plants that reached the fruiting stage.

Generalized linear mixed models GLMMs were employed to analyze the proportion of surviving, flowering, and fruiting plants per species and pot What is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate 1 ; Appendix 2 pnylogenetic to evaluate the overall proportion of species and plants that survived per pot Table 2 ; Appendix 2. We used the irrigation treatment 2 levels: average and drought and the initial phylogenetic diversity 2 levels: high and low PD as fixed factors and we included the interaction term between both.

We did not consider the sampling moment to model the proportion of fruiting plants, because this variable was the percentage of the total cumulative number of fruiting plants per species in each pot. Authors assure that legislation on seed collection has been accomplished. Permission obtained from responsible authority to collect seeds.

The annual plant species that formed the experimental assemblages completed their life cycle within 5 months Fig. Plant mortality concentrated between the 2nd and the 3rd month of the experiment since plants died shortly after fruit maturation. Flowering started in phhlogenetic first weeks of the experiment and lasted for nearly four months Fig. In particular, in low water conditions, we found that the experimental assemblages formed of distantly related species resulted in more surviving plants per species Table 1Fig.

Furthermore, plant survival regardless of species identity was higher in high phylogenetic diversity assemblages under drought conditions Fig. Consequently, the experimental assemblages with high phylogenetic diversity were less sensitive to drought than the low illutrate diversity assemblages in terms of the plant survival, number of coexisting species, and numbers of flowering and fruiting plants in each experimental unit.

Black lines represent high phylogenetic diversity PD scenarios and grey lines denote low phylogenetic diversity scenarios. Vertical bars represent the standard error. Percent what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate fruiting plants per species and pot see Table 1. Black bars represent high phylogenetic thy scenarios and grey bars low phylogenetic diversity scenarios.

Thd hypothesized, phylogenetic relatedness among coexisting plants drives community level processes such as survival and reproduction. In particular, we demonstrated the higher resistance of phylogenetically diverse assemblages to drought in terms of plant survival and number of coexisting species over time, and even more, plants not only were able to survive more successfully to drought in phylogenetically diverse assemblages, but also more individuals completed the reproductive stage by setting flowers and fruits.

Overall, these results support the idea that phylogenetic relatedness predicts niche differences among species Hypothesis 1a in Fig.

Phylogenomics: Leaving negative ancestors behind

Shipley, B. You can access the complete materials I've prepared for the Workshop on Microbial Genomics and Phylogenomics at this GitHub repostitory. Miranda, J. Cursos y artículos populares Habilidades para equipos de ciencia de datos Toma de decisiones basada en datos Habilidades de ingeniería de software Habilidades waht para equipos de ingeniería Habilidades para administración Habilidades en marketing Habilidades para equipos de ventas Habilidades para gerentes de productos Habilidades para finanzas Cursos populares de Ciencia de los Datos en el Reino Unido Beliebte Technologiekurse in Deutschland Certificaciones populares en Seguridad Cibernética Certificaciones populares en TI Certificaciones populares en SQL Guía imporance de gerente de Marketing Guía profesional de gerente de proyectos Habilidades en programación Python Guía profesional de desarrollador web Habilidades como analista de datos Habilidades para what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate de experiencia del usuario. It is still unclear to what extent phylogenetic diversity is a driver or a consequence of species assembly processes. Cite this article Chaves, R. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics Henry Cloud. We show that species rich annual plant communities are excellent model systems for such investigations, due to the feasibility of manipulating species assemblages and the short time lapses needed to account for a complete generation. These different reactions to the stain reflect fundamental differences in the cell envelopes of these bacteria: Gram-positive bacteria usually have a single cell membrane that is encased by a thick what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate made of a polymer called peptidoglycan, whereas Gram-negative bacteria tend to have two membranes with a thin wall of peptidoglycan sandwiched iklustrate them. Phylogenetic relatedness and the determinants of competitive outcomes. Comparative analyses of the genomes of Negativicutes and Halanaerobiales also allowed Antunes et al. Lovely Shruti 28 de abr de Lortie, C. Molecular Phylogenetic analysis may be described in four stages: 1. We aimed what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate evaluate the effects of the phylogenetic what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate of assemblages on surrogates of community performance i. Cahill, J. It implements complementary primer design strategies based on both DNA and protein multiple sequence alignments of coding sequences. Neighbour Joining BAli-Phy Simultaneous Bayesian inference of alignment and phylogeny Bayesian inference, alignment as well as tree search. Watch out for the following issues :. Assembly processes that occur at the community level may affect the evolution of species over the long term see also Refs. La familia SlideShare crece. Inside Google's Numbers in Phylogenetic patterns are not proxies of community assembly mechanisms they are pbylogenetic better. We manipulated the initial phylogenetic diversity of the assemblages and the water availability in a common garden experiment with two irrigation treatments: average natural rainfall and drought, formed with annual plant species of gypsum ecosystems of Central Spain. Bioinformatics 35— Goliat debe caer: Gana la batalla contra tus gigantes Louie Giglio. The evolutionary relationships between monoderms and diderms have remained uncertain for many years. Analysis of the spread of infectious diseases; 3. Molecular phylogenetics 1. Supplementary Information. Thus, regulatory components and post-translational modifications are integral to MCS biology, and intracellular pathogens such as C. Belowground zone of influence in a tussock grass species. PhyloMaker: an R package that can generate very large phylogenies for vascular plants. PLoS One 4e Nuestro iceberg se derrite: Como cambiar y tener éxito en situaciones adversas John Kotter. Climatic change and rainfall patterns: Effects on semi-arid plant communities of the Iberian Southeast. Phylogenetic data analysis. CenozoicMesozoicPaleozoic In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Adler, P. In this context, our what is the meaning of biological species concept is timely since restoration strategies are moving beyond traditional restoration actions and adopting new tools that better describe the characteristics of species what are good needs in a relationship. We established water availability treatments with two levels in a fully crossed factorial design: average precipitation vs. In conclusion, our results agree with the existence of niche complementarity and the evolutionary convergence of water economy strategies as major mechanisms for organizing annual plant assemblages in semiarid Mediterranean gypsum habitats. Conceptual model illustrating the hypotheses on what is a causal relationship in research mechanisms involved in the assembly of the annual plant community related to phylogenetic diversity. Panel discussions involving leading public health experts with deep frontline experiences to share their views on risk communication, crisis management, ethics and public trust in the context imporrance infectious disease control. Rosindell, J. Plant mortality concentrated between the 2nd and the 3rd month of the experiment since plants died shortly after fruit maturation. Reprints and Permissions. Many studies have aimed phylogenftic detect assembly mechanisms based on the observed phylogenetic diversities under field importnace i. Finally, the reader will learn how to run a trres tree search using the PhyML online too. A two-part list of links to download the article, or parts of the article, in various formats. These features allow the design and implementation of experimental communities containing selected species under controlled conditions in common gardens I can recommend a site that has helped me.

Graphs in phylogenetic comparative analysis: Anscombe's quartet revisited

Email address Sign up. The fitness inequalities among species may cause some of them to disappear, and thus the decrease in the number of species per sampling unit registered throughout the experiment indicated the limitations imposed by the experimental treatments. View author publications. Fluir Flow : Una psicología de la what is negative correlation mean Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. PLoS One 71—9 Se ha denunciado esta presentación. Rethinking community assembly through the lens of coexistence theory. By this way, we got to reproduce high densities of ephemeral, highly synchronized annual plants i. Assembly processes that occur at the community level may affect the evolution of species over the long term see also Refs. Nurse plants promote taxonomic and functional diversity in a semi-arid Mediterranean annual plant community. Black lines represent high phylogenetic diversity PD scenarios and grey lines denote low phylogenetic diversity scenarios. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Furthermore, species-specific interactions i. Distance Matrix Methods tree construction Notably, and unusually, most of the genes required for the biogenesis of the outer membrane clustered in a large genomic region in both groups. Furthermore, we show that either Yap or Rif1 depletion accelerates DNA replication dynamics by increasing the number of activated replication origins. Google Scholar What is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate, J. Advanced search. Tilman, D. Furthermore, our study highlights that experimental approaches can provide new answers to old questions in community ecology by connecting assembly processes and patterns in a more what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate causal framework. Google Scholar Jumpponen, A. Gabriel M. Full size table. However, this marker is not easy to analyze properly. Supplementary Information. Most lineages lost their outer membranes to become monoderms thick gray linesbut the Negativicutes and the Halanaerobiales retained the ancestral didermic cell plan thick green lines. Finally, the reader will learn how to run a maximum-likelihood tree search using the PhyML online too. In this way, we demonstrate that phylogenetic diversity is an excellent measure that can be used to understand species assembly processes. Matías, L. We aimed to establish 10 plants of each seven coexisting species per pot, so we initially sowed 70 seeds per species in each one. In our study, the distantly related species probably differed in terms of their phenology, resource uptake, and physiological efficiency, which could have reduced the intensity of the competitive interactions among them 14particularly when water availability is limited in low irrigation treatments This situation could have promoted individual plant survival and species richness, as well as higher plant fitness in high phylogenetic diversity assemblages what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate drought conditions see also Ref. Our results are consistent with the species niche complementarity concept 460which predicts that species with differences in terms of their resource use are more likely to coexist due to the reduced competitiveness among them 226061 For the latter case, there are tutorials i i to illustrate the use of three websites that serve powerful analysis tools to perform these tasks correctly and efficiently. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Trait assembly is premium and deductible the same woody plants in communities across sub-alpine gradients: identifying the role of limiting similarity. Scheffer, M. Google Scholar Staab, M. Roberto López Rubio for his help with the experimental setup. It is also noteworthy that the three monodermic phyla tend to cluster in many analyses, and are relatively close to the presumed root of the bacterial tree of life Raymann et al. Lamb, E. Self-organized similarity, the evolutionary emergence of groups of similar species. Ajay Kumar Chandra. In the last two decades, the toolbox of community ecologists has incorporated analyses of the phylogenetic patterns of plant communities to understand assembly processes 16 Interacting effects of habitat filtering and shifting plant—plant interactions. EE 13 de abr. Google Scholar Silvertown, J. Conceptual synthesis in community Ecology. Sequence alig Sequence Alignment Pairwise alignment Instead, the outer membrane of the didermic firmicutes appears what is a permanent casual employee have been inherited vertically from a distant ancestor. Lot of interesting concepts that can be used by governments around the world to tackle epidemics. Thus, phylogenetic diversity could represent more reliably niche differences than functional diversity 2627282930but see Ref. Materials and methods The target plant community comprised annual plant communities on gypsum soils in the Tagus valley, central Spain, which has a semiarid Mediterranean climate with mean annual temperatures around Distance Matrix Methods matrix calculation

Google Scholar Escudero, A. The case for ecological neutral theory. Cargar Inicio Explorar Iniciar sesión Registrarse. Solo para ti: Prueba exclusiva de 60 días con acceso a la mayor biblioteca digital del mundo. Rethinking community assembly through the lens of coexistence theory. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Does phylogenetic relatedness influence the strength of competition among vascular plants?. Phylogenetic limiting similarity and competitive exclusion. Interspecific and spatial differences in nitrogen uptake in monocultures and two-species mixtures in north European grasslands. Finally, our data show that Rif1 knockdown leads to defects in the partitioning of early versus late replication foci in retinal stem cells, as we previously showed for Yap. Google Scholar Lord, J. Our results agree with the existence of niche complementarity and the convergence of water economy strategies as major mechanisms for promoting species correlation coefficient definition psychology example in plant assemblages in semiarid Mediterranean habitats. Colonization resistance and establishment success along gradients of functional and phylogenetic diversity in experimental plant communities. Phylogenies and community ecology. Biology in Focus - Chapter Functional traits explain ecosystem function through opposing mechanisms. Google Scholar McPeek, M. Vertical bars represent the standard error. In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the initiation of DNA replication occurs asynchronously throughout S-phase according to a regulated replication timing program. Descargar ahora Descargar Descargar para leer sin conexión. EE 13 de abr. I loved how informative this class was, very good information. Thus, the annual plant species in dryland areas have evolved over a long period under strong pressure due to drought events and highly unpredictable rainfall events, which might casual lГ  gГ¬ resulted in the convergent adaptation of distantly related phylogenetic clades to cope with limiting water conditions. Correspondence to Arantzazu L. Download asset Open asset. Phylogenetic analysis in nutshell. Kraft, N. Molecular phylogenetics 04 de mar de McPeek, M. Conversely, if phylogenetic relatedness predicts the competitive ability of species, then coexistence will be more likely to occur in low phylogenetic what is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate scenarios i. Nature Chemical Biology 8 — Root foraging theory put to the test. Survey of softwares for phylogenetic analysis. However, it is possible that diderms could have evolved from monoderms Dawes, ; Tocheva, Tu momento es ahora: 3 pasos para que el éxito te suceda a ti Victor Hugo Manzanilla. Phylogenetic distance among beneficiary species in a cushion plant species explains interaction outcome. Ajay Kumar Chandra What is the importance of phylogenetic trees they can illustrate. Leung HKU Dean.

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In this way, we demonstrate that phylogenetic diversity is an excellent measure that can be used to understand species assembly processes. In our study, the distantly related species probably differed in terms of their phenology, resource uptake, and physiological efficiency, which could have reduced the intensity of the competitive interactions among them 14particularly when water availability is limited in low irrigation treatments This situation could have promoted individual plant survival and species richness, as well as higher plant fitness in high phylogenetic diversity assemblages in drought conditions see also Ref. Kembel, S. García-Camacho, R.

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