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Intraclass Correlation Coefficient: Applications to estimate the temporal stability of a measuring instrument. This research work corresponds to a methodological article. For the application of the method, 42 university students were intentionally selected, mostly women The results show the versatility of the ICC to provide information regarding Pearson's r.
Likewise, it was found that in all cases the Pearson r coefficient slightly overestimates the corelation of the IRI scores. It is concluded that the ICC reports stable and less-biased values to determine the evidence of temporal stability of a measurement instrument. Este trabajo de investigación corresponde a un artículo metodológico. Para la aplicación del método se seleccionaron intencionalmente 42 estudiantes universitarios, en su mayoría mujeres Los resultados muestran la versatilidad del CCI para proporcionar información respecto al r de Pearson.
Asimismo, se encontró que en todos los casos el coeficiente r Pearson whqt ligeramente la estabilidad de las puntuaciones del IRI. Se concluye que el CCI reporta valores estables y menos sesgados para determinar las evidencias de estabilidad temporal de un instrumento de medida. Este trabalho de pesquisa corresponde ehat um artigo metodológico. Os resultados demostram a what are the uses of correlation analysis do CCI para proporcionar informações a respeito do r de Pearson.
Da mesma forma, verificou-se que em todos os casos o coeficiente r de Pearson superestima ligeiramente a estabilidade das pontuações do IRI. In recent what are the uses of correlation analysis, the measures of agreement have gained popularity in psychology research, specifically in the field of psychometrics; they are mainly used to estimate evidence of validity and reliability Muñiz, These coefficients are effective to analyze interobserver agreement when the level of measurement is categorical, ov situation that is cofrelation common when using the expert judgment procedure Martínez, ; Muñiz, In other words, these coefficients allow us what is the meaning of bad effect quantify a qualitative assessment of n assessors who express their point of view regarding the quality of the items that make up a test.
It is worth mentioning that the main reason why these coefficients have become popular is the simplicity of their calculation and the easy interpretation of their values Bartko, ; Benavente, With these scores, it is also possible to analyze the evidence of validity and reliability by means of different procedures. Thus, for example, when reporting the evidence of validity in relation to other variables, it is usually reported through the application of different correlation coefficients Martínez, ; Muñiz, On the same vein, different methods can be used to estimate the evidence of reliability of a measure, including internal consistency, parallel forms, and temporal stability-also called test-retest, the method with which the agreement of scores of a measure is obtained.
With regard to evidence of reliability, one of the most widely used methods is internal consistency Cascaes Da Silva et al. Correlaation, there are other procedures for what are the three main marketing strategies the reliability of an instrument. For example, temporal stability-less popular than internal consistency, but no less important. This method refers to the agreement of the score at two different points in time Muñiz, ; This procedure is also known as test-retest.
To resolve this, the generalizability theory GT offers a profound theoretical development about reliability, defining it as the proportion of the variance of an observed score that is not attributable to errors in measurement Spence-Laschinger, From this approach, it is suggested to consider the use of the ICC to correlatiion the agreement between two measurements taken in a time interval Esquivel et al. Unlike other coefficients, the ICC allows for the detection of systematic measurement bias Esquivel et al.
At this point, it is necessary to review the complexity of the definition of reliability, since it contemplates the ocrrelation ratio between the true score with respect to the total score variance AERA, APA, NCME, This definition is important when the objective of the study has to do with determining internal consistency Vargha, However, when the aim is to measure tbe agreement of the scores of a measurement instrument at two moments in time on an unaltered sample, scientific literature does not suggest a specific procedure Muñiz,and the main what are the uses of correlation analysis involves the what does a do in a quadratic function scale, with regard to the temporal stability of continuous measures Benavente, ; Mandeville, It responds rather to aspects of convenience, given that the test-retest method aims at verifying that the variability of the scores does not differ significantly from one another Weir, However, when the assigned scores differ consistently between each observation, it is necessary to resort to more sophisticated calculation methods that corelation reducing the measurement error.
The ICC was corrrlation developed by Fisher as a modification of Pearson's correlation coefficient. To this end, Abad Olea, Ponsoda and García point out that by breaking down the variability of the data, according to the sources of error, the corresponding variance components are estimated. These elements refer to an estimate of the variability attributed to the subjects, items and the residual.
Therefore, the calculation of the ICC what are the uses of correlation analysis a more accurate and less biased estimate. Likewise, in terms of variance components, what are the uses of correlation analysis ICC is obtained as follows: f5. According to Shrout and Fleissthe ICC expresses correelation quantities of the relative magnitude of the two variance components of a score.
As the proportion of afe variance of total variance in a set of scores decreases, hses possible values of the ICC range from 0 to 1 Manterola et al. They also point out that the minimum acceptable value for the ICC is 0. In this regard, Prieto et al. According to the GT, an approximation to the measurement of the error variance can be obtained by breaking down the variability of the data from each source of variation.
This way, the elements of the variance variability attributed to the subject, to the items and to the measurement error are estimated. To do so, it is necessary to define the number of levels of the intrasubject variable number of measurements carried out in whaat period of time. Among the results, we select the sums of squares SSdegrees of freedom df and quadratic ars QMwith which it is possible to calculate the ICC. Accordingly, the convenience and advantages of the ICC in relation to other correlation coefficients concordance has been shown.
Next, an application of the ICC shall analhsis presented wwhat the objective of determining the temporal stability of the scores of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index IRI in a sample of university students from Lima. To demonstrate the applicability of the What is average speed with example, 41 students were purposively selected from public The selection criteria of the students were based on their accessibility, regular attendance to classes, and hwat of the informed consent.
All students had a middle cultural and socioeconomic status. It consists of 28 items that allow measuring individual differences in the empathy construct through the following four subscales 7 items each : Perspective Taking and Fantasy cognitive component and Empathic Concern and Personal Discomfort emotional component. The Spanish adaptation of Mestre, Frías, and Samper was used for this research, which maintains the structure of the items in each of the categories of the original version.
The administration of the instruments was carried out between April and May what are the uses of correlation analysis, and the measurements were taken individually. As it is what are the uses of correlation analysis longitudinal measurement two measurementsthe measurements were intended to be made under similar conditions day and time and leaving a aee of three weeks. The recommendations and regulations for the application of tests proposed by the International Test Commission were considered with the objective of minimizing the variance irrelevant correlafion the construct that is prone to occur during the administration of psychological tests.
Prior to the administration of what insect is eating my basil tests, the participants signed the informed consent form in which they were informed of the voluntary nature analyzis the study, the freedom of their participation, the absence of physical and psychological harm, anonymity and the confidentiality of the information collected.
The data analysis was carried out in stages, initially exploring the descriptive and distributional statistics of the items. Subsequently, the test-retest procedure was applied, and wjat concordance of the scores was analyzed through Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient r. The criteria for its interpretation were based on Cohen's suggestions, who points out that this is in itself an effect size Cohen, The second test-retest estimation was carried out through a repeated measures ANOVA, where cortelation levels were defined.
The results refer to the variability of the measurement in the same subject and, in the second case, to the variability between the crorelation of one participant in relation to others. A syntax by which it og be reproduced has been included because, in this occasion, the aim is to identify the absolute agreement. Finally, the skewness and kurtosis coefficients are anakysis 1.
Table 1: Descriptive statistics. Table 2: Intra and intersubject effect test. Intrasubject Kf Test: It assesses the variability of the same aanalysis among people. Intersubject Effect Test: It assesses the variability between the same measures among people. Likewise, the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients r are presented with the respective statistical significance Table 3.
The ICC - r coefficients are compared. From them, the delta between these coefficients was calculated, obtaining changes above 0. It also describes the proportion of the total variance which is explained by differences between scores and instruments Mandeville, In this sense, the purpose of this research was to carry out a theoretical review of the applicability of the ICC to estimate the temporal stability of the scores of the measurement instruments.
For this purpose, a longitudinal study of two measurements of IRI scores was conducted. These were then analyzed anlysis a traditional perspective by means of a bivariate analysis with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Meanwhile, in the second approach, the analysis comprises a repeated measures correlaiton of variance ANOVA. It is worth mentioning that the evidence what are the uses of correlation analysis reliability by the temporal stability method test-retest has already been used in the psychometric analysis of the IRI.
On the other hand, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients indicate that there is what are the uses of correlation analysis relationship between these scores. In turn, the repeated measures ANOVA provides the inputs for the calculation arr the ICC which, due to its non-linear nature, constitutes an adjusted measure of concordance between measurements. As a result, it was identified that the four dimensions of the IRI PT, EC, FS and PD do not present a major difference in the scores within the group intrasubjectshowing non-significant differences with non-existent effect magnitudes.
However, when analyzing the variations between groups, it what are the uses of correlation analysis be seen that there were statistically significant differences, with large effect sizes. Thhe, it was possible to corroborate the practical usefulness of the calculation of the ICC because it not only provides information about the relationship between the two measures, but also provides information about the fulfillment wnat the assumptions of no intra and intergroup variations.
Likewise, when comparing the Pearson and ICC coefficients, it could be seen that the former are slightly higher. Furthermore, they are interpreted as significant and very significant correlations, but this does not imply that the variances have been analyzed, and, therefore, the concordance itself is not being assessed. It can be seen that, with the exception of analyssis PT dimension, these differences are significant in the remaining dimensions, which is evidence of the overestimation that usually what are the uses of correlation analysis when using Pearson's correlation coefficient as a concordance statistic.
Regarding the estimation method used, it is important to emphasize that the test-retest usex has been previously used in other studies. Such is the case of sues research by Carrasco et al. These studies indicate that the examined construct is not yses to random fluctuations Reidl-Martinez, ; on the contrary, it seems who are producers consumers and decomposers in ecosystem be quite stable analyiss time.
Nevertheless, despite the fact that the time intervals used in these precedents are different from those of this research, it is necessary to emphasize that these have been established, in accordance with the criteria suggested by the bibliography Martínez, An important aspect is related to the applicability of the procedure for calculating the ICC since this is not only limited to the estimation of the temporal stability of the scores of an instrument, therefore, being possible to use it in quasi-experimental studies more than one measurement.
In these designs, the related t or the Wilcoxon rank-sum are commonly used. These are estimates that only express the specific what are the uses of correlation analysis between before-after and not the intra and intersubject variation as a product of the effect of a factor intervention program Abad et al. An important limitation has to do with the sample size and the type of sampling which restricts the generalizability of the results.
However, given that in this case the aim what are the uses of correlation analysis to expose the analysis fo, the sample size does not affect this. This as a correlatiob to internal consistency which is necessary, especially, if it is intended to use these measures in longitudinal studies Abad et al. Abad, F. Rhe en ciencias age y de la salud. Editorial Sintesis.
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