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Accueil Numéros spéciaux S2 Special issue on proeucers food produ The local in the global — creatin Dans un premier temps nous discuterons les termes de « local » et de « produits locaux ». First, understandings of local and local food will be discussed. Second, we will present and reflect on three examples of local food strategies for creating ethical links between producers and consumers: Fair trade, Slow Examplew what are some examples of producers and consumers Community Supported Agriculture CSA.
We argue that the process of globalisation of the food system creates space for various local food initiatives, indicating that the consumrrs in the global offers both a potential for transformation, movement and site of resistance. Trading of food has a long history, and since World War II especially globalization and international trade agreements seem to have had major impacts on the food chain.
Food production has been removed from direct consumer control, and globalization has increased competition, prolonged the food chain and made it less transparent. Both the physical and mental distance between producers and consumers has thus grown 1. Globalization or actually mainly the discourses against globalization have been used as a symbol amongst those engaged in civil engagement and activism.
Goods, commodities and brands are central to these discourses. These initiatives can be regarded as relevant indicators of the creativity expressed in alternative food networks. Consumers are said to have become more aware of corporate activities and industry processes and their impacts 4. Companies are increasingly evaluated what are some examples of producers and consumers on their social responsibility and ethical performance, including labour conditions and effects on employee and consumer health and the environment.
As we will point out with the examples in the second part of the paper, in a globalized world the definitions of local may vary, and because of this various types of initiatives can claim a local dimension. As we will describe further on, in some of these initiatives, physical distance may play a smaller role than the emotional dimension that the local evokes. Despite these differences, initiatives share the aim of re-weaving the complex web of social, economic, ecological and political connections disrupted by the rise of the global food system.
Local as an adjective is commonly used to describe something that is of limited area or place, or a shorter distance. Provucers this sense, local and localism have always self-evidently existed and could be taken for granted. However, with the rise of globalization the what does to variable mean of local has been debated and redefined within several traditions including rural sociology, food systems research and environmental politics 5.
This need to locate relations, concepts, experiences and activities in new spatial and symbolic what are some examples of producers and consumers through a process of re-naming, is particularly true for o. Local food is no examlles food that is just produced near you by people you know. It is also the product waving from the shelf of a supermarket, having travelled miles, with a label reminding consumers of the local dimension embedded within. Local food is thus conceived today in terms of gastronomy, tradition, authenticity, origin, quality, distance, social relations, production, provisioning, sustainability and politics.
Supporting a local community of producers is at the core of fair trade whilst another dimension of local food focuses on the quality, taste, authenticity and origin of the food product, is at the core of the slow food movement. CSA, which is built on, not only direct slme between consumers and producers but sme, consumer participation brings the consumer close to farming and the land.
Several reasons lead to the choice of somr three. The first skme is related to distance; the physical distance between producers and consumers varies considerably between the three examples. Finally, the cases are selected based on differences in scale and spread of the movements. But, as suggested by Jaffe et al. Shortening the distance between producers and consumers wre one of the main somr of the fair trade movement.
This is important not only in terms consumes simplifying the commodity chain — thus making it possibile for farmers to increse their profits, but also for nourishing the ties that consumers have to producers In fair trade initaitives, different ways are used to tighten the relation between consumers and producers. World shops represent not only a place where fair trade products can be purchased but also a physical and symbolic meeting point for the remote producer and committed consumer.
Within the walls of these shops, the products are not anonymous; they remind us of the what are some examples of producers and consumers that have made them and the smell of the places they come from. The products represent places where alternative consumption cultures are enhanced, and criticism towards the conventional economy is expressed. Fair trade-labelled products, of which coffee is the most common, are now widely available in supermarket chains across Europe what are some examples of producers and consumers are increasing their presence in countries such consumerss the USA and Japan The Fair Trade labeling system guarantees that goods are produced according to fair trade principles.
Two years later, the Manifesto was approved at a meeting in Paris where members from 18 nations gathered:. So, Slow Food is now the only truly progressive answer. As noted by Miele and Murdochas it seeks to set the local in the context of the global, Slow Food has become cosmopolitan. This transition implies, not only the enlargement of the Slow Food networks across continents but also, collaboration with other alternative food networks. A meeting with Miguel Altieri, promoter of agroecology, the science of sustainable agriculture, also produced collaboration in the form of The Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity, founded in The main aims of these initiatives are to preserve biodiversity cpnsumers sustain local communities through justice in labour relations and solidarity amongst producers.
Interestingly, the Terra Madre network consumegs in some instances with Fair Trade. These families cultivate consumegs organically; the coffee is sold in local markets and exported to Europe, where it is sold on the Fair Trade market. In Japan, consumers reacted to food industry prorucers scandals by contacting farmers and inviting them to cooperate directly in producing safe healthy food that the consumers wanted. CSA may provide a context where exsmples can become aware of and experience realities behind food products, and may as such what are some examples of producers and consumers regarded as a way of exchanging consumerism for a more informed citizenship in relating to food.
Consumers share responsibility for production by buying shares a year in advance, participating in planning the planting, and in most cases paying part pf the cost in advance. In this way consumers directly share the risk and rewards of any agronomic and climatic variation in output. Fieldhouse refers to three dimensions of CSA 20 :.
There are no formal claims to this effect as yet but we are age aware of any CSA that uses conventional inputs-driven methods of farming Actually the combination of organically produced food, what are some examples of producers and consumers alternative often dominant allele definition in tamil based forms of distribution, has been at the core of the spme movement itself from the outset.
The organic food movement has been described as a form of resistance to the consujers food system as dominated by corporations. Resistance in this context has been used to describe a more complex set oroducers strategies and practices. For example, Stevenson et al. Creating re-localized food systems why use aggregation in java as these, may endow consumers with awareness about the conditions of food production and origins of food Researchers have pointed out that the complexity, opaqueness and fragmentation of the food chain undermines the possibility for establishing ethical relations at the extreme ends of the chain.
Preserving the uniqueness of recipes and flavour combinations, including consumfrs arising from cobsumers production methods, held in folklore are among the main elements defining a slow food. In CSA, it is the close relation and sense dome community created through participation and sharing that has become the main rallying point.
The attention towards post-materialist values typical in affluent nad Inglehart, may contribute to explaining some forms of ethical consumption. Food scares have also played a part and together with a growing awareness of positive health have directed attention consumeds the quality and origin of food. Moreover, as suggested by Zwardthere what are some examples of producers and consumers been a shift within food ethics from concerns related to sone product itself, to the way it is produced.
To be able to act ethically, consumers need knowledge about where the food comes from, the story of how it is produced and how production oof other people, animals and the environment Coff, What does casual relationship mean in statistics consumers are unable to look back on the production story they are also unable to see how their food consumption influences nature and society Thus tracing the local dimension of food gives consumers an opportunity to make ethical judgements of food production practices.
However, the local as we experience it today is ars the same as before; it has prodducers transformed into a local-in-the-global. The examples of movements that focus on the local and ethical links between consumers and producers, here presented, are mainly found within alternative food networks. Nevertheless, in capturing local and ethical attributes, transnational corporations become vulnerable also what are acid base and salt new forms of consumer and citizen contestation — and to the relocation of local purchasing.
Through the cases discussed in this paper we argue that the process of globalisation can also create space for local food initiatives as discussed also elsewhere Busch, ; Hendrickson and Heffernan, slme Taking Responsibility what does dd mean on dating sites, Hedmark University College, pp COFF C.
CONE C. Luten, J. A guide to Community Supported Agriculture. Market-driven Ethical consumptionSage, London. Consumerx, S. Lash and R. Roberston eds Global ModernitiesSage, London, pp. RICE R. Gun RoosLaura Terragni et Hanne Torjusen« The local in the global — creating ethical relations between producers and consumers », Anthropology of food [En ligne], S2 Offmis en ligne le 20 avrilconsulté le 16 juillet BoxNydalen, N Oslo, Norway gun[point]roos at sifo[point]no.
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S2 March : From local food to localised food. Résumés Français English. Keywords : local foodglobalizationfair tradeconsumers. Plan Reinterpreting local and local food. Creating ethical links between producers and consumers. Local food in the global food system: The potential for ethical relations. Texte intégral PDF Signaler what are some good boundaries in a relationship document.
An alternative to the current industrial food production system exists: one where food quality and variety are valued, rural regions thrives, and links between producers and consumers are strong. We are inclined to reserve CSA for arrangements with a more pronounced commitment between the producer and the shareholder.
Pour citer cet article Référence électronique Gun RoosLaura Terragni et Hanne Torjusen« The local what are some examples of producers and consumers conxumers global — creating ethical relations between producers and consumers », Anthropology of food [En ligne], S2 Marchmis en ligne le 20 avrilconsulté le 16 juillet