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Siti Kotijah aAh. Background: Menopause is a natural phase of a woman's life when menstrual periods stop permanently and cause psychological symptoms such as anxiety. Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a social support model to reduce anxiety in menopausal women. Method: This study applied explanatory research design with a Cross-sectional approach. Types of social models study population was selected menopausal women who were in 11 clusters in Diwek - Jombang Regency.
The participants were what is food science and engineering using Cluster Random sampling. The data analyzed by using the Partial Least Square test. Results: The results showed that 1 individual factors significantly influenced the evaluation of stress path coefficient of Conclusion: The development of social support models to reduce postmenopausal anxiety has a significant direct effect.
The development of the model consists of stress assessment consisting of experience, trust, coping resources, informative support and award support. The development of social support is highly recommended to reduce anxiety among menopausal women by promoting stress evaluation and social support from close relationships. Antecedentes: la menopausia es una fase natural de la vida de una mujer en la que los períodos menstruales se detienen de forma permanente y provocan síntomas psicológicos como la ansiedad.
Método: Este estudio aplicó un diseño de investigación explicativa con un enfoque transversal. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Los datos analizados mediante la prueba de mínimos cuadrados parciales. El desarrollo del modelo consiste en una evaluación del estrés que types of social models de experiencia, confianza, recursos de afrontamiento, apoyo informativo y apoyo de premios.
Menopause is an important and normal developmental process in a woman's life which is characterized by the cessation of permanent menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity. Most people think menopause is a scary thing that affects psychological disorders. This condition is influenced by changes in hormone waves and the need to adapt to new ways that make menopause very difficult L.
Miller et al. Menopausal women have changed physically, psychologically, and socially. The menopause transition that occurs in women is seen as a complex bio-psycho-social construction with many factors influencing women's experiences in their life phases K. Miller, These factors are social demographics, attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, comorbidities, and mental health problems.
These factors affect the vasomotor, mood, and stress during the menopause transition which affects the physical and emotional health of women Yin et al. Negative emotions that occur continuously can affect psychological health which affects anxiety disorders. Anxiety experienced by menopausal women encourages women to solve problems through how to seek help and support from family and friends.
The existence types of social models such assistance will make women feel more relaxed and relieved so that it will reduce their anxiety. Environmental factors in the form of social support will have an influence on women's stress. Social support in the form of support types of social models family and the surrounding environment in the form types of social models health services.
One of the efforts that can be done to reduce anxiety in women during menopause is social support. Social support received can make individuals feel calm, cared for, and develop self-confidence and competence. The availability of social support will make individuals feel loved, valued and part of the group.
The results of the research by Uly Artha stated that social support can reduce the anxiety level of menopausal women in Cikalang Village, Tawang District. So that the need for knowledge of menopause is not only for women, but involves the participation of husbands in facing menopause. One effort that can be done to reduce anxiety is social support. Social support has undergone many developments. So the purpose of this research is to develop a social support model to reduce anxiety in menopausal women.
Postmenopausal women experience physical, psychological and social changes. The menopausal transition that occurs in women is seen as a complex bio-psycho-social construct with many factors affecting women's experiences at this phase of life. These factors are social demographics, attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, comorbidities and mental health problems.
These factors affect vasomotor, mood and stress during the menopausal transition which impacts on women's physical and emotional health. Negative emotions that occur continuously can have an influence on psychological health which has an impact on anxiety disorders R. Sood et al. The anxiety experienced by menopausal women encourages women to solve problems through seeking help and support from family and friends.
The existence of this assistance will make women feel more at ease and relieved so that it will reduce their anxiety. Rook in Sarafino defines social support as a social relationship function that describes the general level and quality of interpersonal relationships that will protect individuals from the consequences of anxiety and even stress Uly Artha, The results of research by Uly Artha state that social support can reduce the anxiety level of menopausal women.
The need for knowledge of menopause is not only for women, but involves the role of husbands in facing menopause. The main concepts of support proposed are social networks, perceived social support, and support behavior. Social network refers to the social-relationship structure, number, and type of relationships. Perceived social support refers to the perceived function of social-relationships that social relationships will if necessary provide resources such as emotional support or information.
Finally, supportive behavior refers to the mobilization and acceptance of behaviors intended to assist a person in dealing with stressful events. When faced types of social models a situation that can cause stress, each individual's reaction is different. Some of these responses are unconscious reactions, while others are realized types of social models individuals to immediately do coping. Lazarus divides these reactions into 4 categories, namely cognitive reactions, emotional reactions, physiological reactions and behavioral reactions.
The reactions that occur affect a person's anxiety. Anxiety is a response to certain threatening situations and is a normal thing that occurs along with developments, changes, new or unheard experiences, as well as in finding one's own identity and meaning in life. Anxiety measures what does the yellow dot mean on match.com app carried out to measure the process of assessing subjective feelings about disturbing mental tension as a general reaction to the inability to solve a problem or a lack of security.
The design of this research using a survey explanative research design with a cross-sectional time approach. The population of this study as many as with a large sample of menopausal women in the work area Cukir Diwek District Jombang. The sampling technique of this research using cluster random sampling. Researchers used cluster random sampling techniques to collect data of respondents in 11 villages located in the District of Diwek. Data was collected door-to-door by researchers types of social models accompanied by village midwives each with an average data collection of respondents each day.
Data transfer using a questionnaire about the characteristics of the client namely social networks, stress events, social support and stress assessment. Explanation of the research process and requests for approval from respondents were carried out before data collection and signing of consent letters Inform Consent provided by researchers. Types of social models 4. The next step is to analyze examples of casual language register connect between variables, to find strategic issues and solutions as a basis for recommendations in developing a social support model for anxiety disorders in menopausal women.
The results of data analysis obtained from the calculation of the questionnaire scores are described in terms of frequency and percentage. The research procedure difference between affect and effect in kannada by identifying the factors that influence the social support of menopausal women who experience anxiety disorders in Diwek Jombang District, then analyzing the data to determine strategic issues.
The first is to do a description analysis to find out the frequency distribution of each variable in the form of categories and produce data in the form of a whole presentation of respondents. After that, an inferential analysis is used to test the hypotheses that fit the research objectives. Evaluate the measurement model outer model with reflective indicators.
The model is evaluated based on the results of the validity and reliability of the indicators. Next, an inner model evaluation is conducted to find out the magnitude of the influence or causal relationship between the variables in the study, namely by getting an R square or coefficient of determination which is a value that explains the size of the model goodness. Designing Structural Models inner models. Path, loading and Weight.
Partial Least Square PLS test showed that 1 individual factor did not significantly influence social network path coefficient of 0. This stage displays the PLS result testing of the measurement model stage outer model on social support model to decrease anxiety among female factors these are individual factors, social networking, stressful events, social support, stress evaluation, and anxiety. Figure - 2. The figure above shows the final model and the outer value loading model of social support to decrease the anxiety of menopausal women.
The value types of social models outer loading for all indicators both from indicators for latent variables such as individual factors, social networks, stress events, social support, stress, and anxiety assessment can be seen in the following table 1 :. Based on the above table it can be seen some invalid indicators are emotional support, instrumental support, valuesand behavioral reactions. Next is to see the value of Composite reliability to test the value of the indicator reliability in a construct.
Reliability test results can be presented in the following table 2 :. It can be concluded that all latent variables individual factors, social networks, stress events, social support, stress evaluation, and anxiety have met the reliability test. Evaluation of discriminant validity begins by looking at cross-loading. The value of cross-loading indicates the magnitude of the correlation between each construct or latent variable with its indicator and indicator of another block construct.
A measurement model has good discriminant validity when the correlation between constructs and indicators is higher than the correlation with indicators of other block contracts. The inner model evaluation aims to determine the magnitude of influence or causality relationship between variables in the study or test the research hypothesis. Next, do a R Square test or the coefficient of determination which is a value that describes the size of the goodness of the model or the amount of influence of independent variables on the dependent variable.
The value of path coefficient and t value on the inner model the following conclusions can be drawn:. Stressful events t statistics 0. Next is to look at the value of R square R2 for constraints or latent variables of social support to decrease anxiety. If it refers to this value belongs to the high category. The value of the goodness of fit GoF types of social models of social support for reducing anxiety in menopausal women above is 0.
Social support in this research consists of informative support and award support. Informative support is giving advice, advice, knowledge, and information about menopause. The award support in this study is through the expression of respect or positive appreciation for menopausal women, an impulse to move forward or agree with individual ideas or feelings and a types of social models comparison of menopausal women with others.