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ISSN: Este informe, proporciona valores detallados sobre el desempeño de la innovación en economías del mundo. Sus 80 indicadores aportan una visión amplia de la innovación, lo que incluye al entorno político, la educación, la infraestructura y la sofisticación del mercado entre otros. En los pasados dos añosel uso de la propiedad intelectual PI alcanzó cifras récord.
Otro dato interesante del informe es el auge de las economías de ingresos medios. Desafortunadamente, Latinoamérica sigue estancada respecto del desempeño promedio de las economías globales. Solamente Costa. Rica -país de ingresos medios altos- sostiene resultados por encima de sus expectativas económicas. Países de ingresos altos como Chile, Uruguay y Argentina se mantuvieron en concordancia a su nivel de desarrollo.
Lo mismo ocurrió con países de ingresos medios altos como Colombia, Brasil y México. Por otro lado, países de ingresos medios bajos como Bolivia, Paraguay y Guatemala, lamentablemente estuvieron por debajo de sus expectativas de crecimiento económico GII, linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets En aquella oportunidad fuimos muy críticos.
La región no ha sido eficiente en promover la innovación en el sector productivo. En términos generales, las políticas de fomento en Latinoamérica no consideran a la empresa como foco del proceso de innovación. Nuestra reflexión nos llevó a argumentar la necesidad de crear redes de valor que potencien el desarrollo inclusivo, las trayectorias de aprendizaje y principalmente la cooperación. Inserción laboral de investigadores, Informe de resultados: 2da Encuesta de Inserción de Investigadores con Postgrado.
En este sentido, la presente edición confirma en términos generales lo planteado por Geldes y col A continuación, se presentan 12 artículos que fueron seleccionados a partir de 29 trabajos provenientes de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y Uruguay. Primero, una mirada desde la empresa, en donde se abordan las capacidades ambidiestras de las mismas, el rol de los sindicatos en la innovación empresarial, la relación de la cooperación interorganizacional en la innovación, y como la innovación se relaciona con el desempeño exportador.
La segunda dimensión, incluye una perspectiva sectorial de la innovación, abordando temas como la gestión de portafolios innovadores en la academia, los servicios intensivos en conocimiento, los conocimientos base para la innovación en los sistemas de información y tecnológicos, y el efecto de las innovaciones de marketing en el sector de manufacturas. En nombre de la Facultad de Economía y Negocios de la Universidad Alberto Hurtado, queremos agradecer a todos los editores, revisores y especialmente a sus autores.
Santiago de Chile, diciembre, Referencias Brenes, E. Strategy and innovation in emerging economies after the end of the commodity boom—Insights from Latin America. Journal of Business Research, 69 10— Technological and non-technological innovations, performance and propensity to linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets across industries: The case of an emerging economy.
Industrial Marketing Management, how to read good books online, 55— New approach to the innovation process in linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets economies: The manufacturing sector case in Chile and Peru. Technovation, 79, 35— Introduction: innovation in Latin America.
Academia Linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets Latinoamericana de Administración, 26 112— Innovation and business research in Latin America: An overview. Journal of Business Research, 67 4— Non-technological innovations: Market performance of exporting firms in South Linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets. The study introduces valuable information on ambidextrous organizations in emerging economies, contrasting to traditional literature frequently focusing on developed countries.
Findings confirm the importance to measure ambidexterity in a multidimensional perspective, relating exploration to radical innovation, and breaking down exploitation into incremental exploitation, related to incremental innovation and repetitive exploitation related to operational efficiency. This work also finds that higher GDP per capita relates to higher exploration and exploitation ability of firms and supported our hypotheses that political and economic uncertainty of each country impact on organizational ambidexterity.
Introduction As some studies suggest, the actual objective of companies is to remain competitive and to thrive in the long-term, and this purpose is possible when organizations become ambidextrous Levinthal and March ; March In other words, firms should focus on their ability to what is connection diagram their current capabilities while simultaneously exploring fundamentally new competencies. Studies have identified many antecedents to ambidextrous firms in developed countries Piao and Zajac,; Jansen et al.
Accordingly, the primary purpose of this article is to analyze the determinants of organizational ambidexterity in emerging economies, specifically, companies from Latin American countries - Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. This paper examines the effect of the country-specific environment on the development of ambidextrous organizations. Additionally, the present study contributes to filling a gap in the literature on the direct effect of country-specific characteristics in organizational ambidexterity.
Controlling by GDP per capita, there is evidence to suggest that ambidexterity is more spread in countries with better economic situation. The rest of the paper is structured as follows, the second section provides a brief overview of the literature and develops hypotheses on organizational ambidexterity.
The third section outlines the methodology used for the study and provides sample descriptive statistics. Next, the econometric results of the study are presented along with a discussion, conclusions and contributions. Literature Review and Hypotheses 2. Linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets to linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets definition, the relation between exploration and exploitation is the crucial characteristics of ambidexterity.
The term of exploration is commonly related to the acquisition of new knowledge through learning and innovation. Innovative behavior among Latin American and developed economies Most studies about organizational ambidexterity and innovation have focused on developed economies with less emphasis on emerging markets such as Latin America, representing a gap in the systematic investigation of these constructs process Heredia Pérez et al.
Meanwhile, exploration is the development of new products aimed at entering new product-market domains in terms of knowledge. Studies have shown that in comparison with other regions, the economic growth of Latin America has been unsatisfactory with stagnant productivity levels being the most urgent challenge Crespi et.
Consequently, these studies have suggested the importance of innovation to improve productivity, applying technological advances to lead more effective use of productive resources, and the transformation of new ideas into new economic solutions Crespi and Zuñiga, For this reason, a main area of research has been to identify the requirements to balance the tension between exploration and exploitation, a central issue of ambidextrous organizations. According to this, the current research recognizes different ways to achieve ambidexterity.
These different practices and the fact that innovation performance increases faster in developed economies warrants a more detailed view of organizational ambidexterity linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets Latin America. Indeed, firms may use combinations of sequential, architectural, or contextual ambidexterity according to the nature of the market faced.
The key is to determine the rates of exploration and exploitation required over time, Piao and Zajac linear equations in one variable class 8 icse worksheets exploitation that could impel exploration. Additionally, the authors introduced three dimensions of organizational ambidexterity: exploration, incremental exploitation, and repetitive exploration. For the objectives of this article, the approach proposed by Piao and Zajac is used to measure ambidexterity.
The impact of the country environment on organizational ambidexterity The extent to which environment determines organizational ambidexterity remains poorly understood. Simsek postulates a multilevel model of organizational ambidexterity, where environmental factors moderate the effect of ambidexterity on firm performance. For example, in environments with little dynamism, the need to introduce new innovations is not necessary for enhancing performance because the organization might benefit more by being exploitative.
In contrast, organizations in dynamic environments must be strategically flexible and efficient because customers need, and competitor activities demand, immediate action Sidhu et al. Patel et al. As a result, ambidextrous companies are more likely to be able to both refine existing resources and develop new competencies in an uncertain environment.
Meanwhile, firms that lack ambidexterity are less likely to respond effectively to environmental demands. Exploitation — related to process innovation- is more frequent than exploration -related to product innovation- due to the preponderance of capital goods and machinery in innovation investment. Additionally, it is important to recognize that environments in Latin American region differ between countries and; for instance, countries like Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, with active innovation policies have better results in innovation rate than other countries in the region.
In emerging economies, firms adjust strategies to the dynamic external environment to remain competitive american airlines phone number mexico city balancing exploration and exploitation activities Heredia Pérez et al.
Geldes et al. Accordingly, one of the objectives of this article is to analyze the effect of country environment on organizational ambidexterity. Studies focusing on ambidextrous organizations have failed to explain the role of country-specific characteristics in this phenomenon, especially their direct effect. Accordingly, the hypotheses to be tested are: H1.
The original work by Diaz-Molina was tested only on Chilean firms, we contribute to the validity of the model by diversifying the source of firms including three additional countries. Regarding a strategic dimension, love quotes good morning for her capacity is observed as strategic learning, improving the innovation performance of the firm Lin et al. Therefore, using and integrating external knowledge, a firm could acquire a competitive advantage in new products and markets, in other words, in exploration Chen et al.
Moreover, in the case of incremental innovation, Diaz-Molina proposed that external knowledge is used for the creation of new designs for existing products. According to Lichtenthalertechnological knowledge is the knowledge the firm explores, but also exploits, identifying application and commercialization opportunities. Consequently, we can formulate the following hypotheses: H5.
Higher strategic absorptive capacity increases the exploratory component of organizational ambidexterity H6. Higher strategic absorptive capacity increases the exploitative component of organizational ambidexterity. Therefore, companies could understand how to perform innovation on new products and processes implementation, which is closely associated to exploration and exploitation activities.
Consequently, we expect that: H7. Higher operational absorptive capacity increases the exploratory component of organizational ambidexterity. Higher operational absorptive capacity increases the exploitative component of organizational ambidexterity. Finally, another aspect understudied has been the complementary relation between strategic and operational absorptive capacity, when both capabilities impact the organizational ambidexterity of companies.
Some studies have reported that not only external but also internal dimension of absorptive capacity are complementary, interrelated, and necessary Zahra and George, ; Harris and Lee, ; Chesbrough, For this reason, it is possible to infer that acquisition and assimilation of external knowledge are influenced by internal units of company that transform this kind of information.
In turn, the development of these internal units is conditioned by the scope of external sources that support innovative activities. Another objective of this paper is to expand on prior research on the relationship between absorptive capacity and ambidexterity DiazMolina, Absorptive capacity is the ability of a firm to recognize. There is a potential complementary effect between strategic and operational absorptive capacity when both impact on the organizational ambidexterity.
Additionally, we postulate that political and economic uncertainty impact organizational ambidexterity. Methodology 3. Data Regarding the objectives of this research, we conducted an exploratory quantitative study based on secondary data available from three Latin American countries: Chile, Peru, and Ecuador.
One of the values of this study has been the collection of data compatible and comparable across countries. For this purpose, the OECD guidelines included in the Oslo Manual was a relevant help, because countries -given certain limitations- used the similar sampling methodologies, questionnaire design, and data processing.
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