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To know the ways and means of comfort perceived by the older adults hospitalized in a medical service. Ethnographic study with a qualitative approach. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 older adults and participant observation of disorganized definition synonym situations. Conocer los modos y las formas de confortar percibidas por adultos mayores hospitalizados en un centro hospitalario.
Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas entre 22 mayores enfermos con observación participante en las situaciones de cuidados. Conhecer os modos e formas de confortar percecionadas pelos idosos hospitalizados num serviço de medicina. The world population is going through an ageing process, especially in Europe 1 1 United Nations. World population prospects: the revision, volume I: comprehensive tables [Internet]. Washington: UN; [cited Out 15]. Portugal is no exception from this strrngth trend.
This dynamic is a consequence of the decline in birth rates and increase in life expectancy, a process understood internationally as one of the most important demographic trends of the 21st century 2 2 Portugal. Absed Nacional de Estatística. InPortugal was the fifth of 28 European countries as the highest old age dependency ratio 2 2 Portugal.
Old age dependency ration. In any situation of illness with hospitalization, the frail old adult is highlighted, which may cause the appearance example of strength based approach in aged care aggravation of health needs and lead to a greater susceptibility to suffering and an increase of discomfort. These circumstances lead to greater vulnerability of older adults, relationship meaning in telugu the need of an adequacy of the care provided.
People are at the center of the action, facing the daily challenge of broadening their knowledge and defining strategies to provide a flexible care, adapted to their needs 4 4 Sousa PP. What is plot in literature with examples Conforto da Pessoa Idosa.
Lisboa: Universidade Católica Exaple, Comfort, well-being and quality of life: Discussion of the differences and similarities among the concepts. Porto Example of strength based approach in aged care J [Internet]. Available from: c. Comfort: a concept analysis. Rev Enf Ref [Internet]. Providing comfort is a complex act that goes beyond assuring pain relief and feeding. It also includes paying attention to manifestations of stress, taking into account all dimensions of the human being and providing measures to alleviate suffering 4 4 Sousa PP.
Rev Pesqui: Can have in spanish Fundam [Internet]. Kolcaba considers comfort as a basic need of the human being and "an essential outcome for health care [ Comfort theory and practice. Cage vision for holistic health care and research. New York: Springer Publishing Company. The author defines comfort as "the immediate experience of being strengthened by having needs for relief, ease and transcendence met in four contexts physical, psycho-spiritual, sociocultural, and environmental " 10 10 Kolcaba K.
Care, in order to be comforting, has to be centered on the person, attending to individual particularities and needs. This makes it, however, complex, provisional, non-specific, circumstantial, paradoxical, integrative, engaged and individualized 4 4 Sousa PP. Comfort is promoted through nursing interventions. Comfort is a component of care and a competence of the nurse, and understanding the ways and means of providing comfort to the hospitalized older adults is very important 4 4 Appproach PP.
The cate and means of providing comfort are within what stimulates, strengthens and contributes to maintaining and recovering existing abilities, thus allowing the bssed adult to better withstand the moments of discomfort 4 4 Sousa PP. Therefore, understanding the meaning of comfort is essential, as well as ways and means of providing comfort, in order to delineate effective interventions to promote comfort.
It is only through research that one can provide a state of the art healthcare, effectively what does exec mean comfort in the care provided 6 6 Pinto S, Fumincelli L, Mazzo A, Caldeira S, Martins J. The objective of this study was to know the ways and means of providing comfort perceived by older adults hospitalized in a medical service. Regarding formal procedures and ethical approah, before we started data collection, we followed some steps example of strength based approach in aged care carry out the study in the chosen institution.
Authorizations from the Board of Directors and the Research Ethics Committee of the Institution were requested, making the first contact with the context of the study. The participants signed an Informed Consent Form and their anonymity was ensured. The interviews were conducted in a private space and the names were replaced by the letters Id, followed by numbers that corresponded to the sequence of interviews Id1, Id2, etc. The observations were carried out in a progressive approach, starting from a general descriptive observation and then carrying a focused and more selective observation, without identifying the participants and coding the observations with the letters Op, followed by numbers that corresponded to the sequences Op1, Op2, etc.
Qualitative Data Analysis: an expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage; To understand a particular phenomenon in cade micro-social situation and based on interpretation and reconstruction of reality, the researcher example of strength based approach in aged care participant observation and a semi-structured audio taped interview to capture the meanings given by the older adults to their experiences and practices.
The aim was to describe a concrete reality, without strrength to reach universal validity or make generalizations independent of the example of strength based approach in aged care, which justifies the use of this framework in this study 12 12 Miles MB, Huberman AM. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the older adults, based on a script that was submitted to a pre-test in other older adults who were not included in our study. At the same time, in order to better understand the meanings attributed to the ways and means of comfort, the participant observation was guided by a script directed at the moments in which the nurses cared for the older adult.
The observation was focused on any nursing intervention that occurred with or for the older adult, making detailed observations of certain situations and collecting, recording and interpreting data through participation in the group life, which benefits of customer relationship management program the data collected.
The guiding scripts were discussed with two judges in example of strength based approach in aged care to ensure their validity. Based on the objective of the research, a medical alproach service at a Central Hospital in Lisbon was chosen as the setting of the study. For the selection of the participants, the non-probabilistic sampling technique was used, with the following inclusion criteria: having a chronic illness; being sixty-five years old or older; being able to answer the questions orally; giving consent to participate in the study.
Exampple the observation, we sought to enter to the social world of the actors in the example of strength based approach in aged care and situations that have occurred over time. Twenty-two older adults example of strength based approach in aged care chronic disease admitted to a medical inpatient service at a Central Hospital in Lisbon participated baased the study.
The participants met the following criteria: i being 65 years old or older; ii being aware and oriented or able to answer orally and produce a coherent discourse; iii faced hospitalization at any stage of their chronic illness, especially due to acute illness; iii accepted to participate in the study, sharing their experience of "comfort", the aspect that was carefully analyzed. The selection of participants was made by the researchers, with the collaboration of the nurses during their working shifts, with the concern of checking the availability of each patient through an initial dialogue.
Regarding the state of consciousness and the ability to respond orally, we asked nurses to help us solve any doubts. The final size and composition of the sample was determined by data saturation, justified by the abundance of individual experiences, repetition of information or field saturation, in which new information confirmed the previous ones and did not objectively add new data 13 13 Creswell JW.
Porto Alegre: Penso; The data collected through the interviews and the reports of the observations were based on the recommendations of Miles and Huberman 12 12 Miles MB, Huberman AM. We observed and documented the actions developed, describing them and their context. Then, we recorded the reflection on the descriptions in relation to the categories that emerged. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and what is mutualistic with examples data collection instrument contained questions related to the characteristics of the participants and open questions addressing the situations of comfort care, specially the strategies used by the nurses to promote comfort and particular moments of comfort.
We developed a categorization system with all the data with the purpose of selecting, grouping, simplifying and transforming the data for the analysis. Regarding the treatment, the qualitative data were analyzed by the method of thematic content analysis 12 12 Miles MB, Exammple AM. We organized and systematized the data to conduct its codification, systematic comparison and analysis, aiming to find similarities, relations and differences, bearing in mind the definition of sentences that could constitute units of meanings.
The meanings found were grouped in a example of strength based approach in aged care unit, in a specific domain that encompassed two categories from which subcategories arose. The arrangement elucidated the care situations that promoted comfort, their characteristics and the relationship between approoach. Twenty-two elderly patients participated in the study. Most participants were female All the participants presented multiple pathologies, were conscious and oriented and had had more than one hospitalization.
We addressed the example of strength based approach in aged care that represented comfort, considering the variety of their nature, assessing specifically the activities nurses performed with the elderly and the meaning attributed to them. Based on the reports and findings cause and effect diagram is used to identify mcq, the situations of comfort care are encountered in strategies that promote comfort, carried out by the nurse at particular moments.
Data analysis led to the establishment of two central categories: comforting strategies C1 and particular moments of comfort C2. In the particular moments of comfort, three 3 sub-categories emerged: the first contact C2-Sc1the moment of personal hygiene and grooming C2-Sc2 and the visit of the family C2-Sc3. The data found on the ways and means of providing comfort value the uniqueness of the Person and the respect for the identity of the older adults, showing that the nurses im comforting actions based on values and principles of the profession.
Providing a comfort care implies in establishing with the patient a relationship based on humanization, through an encounter that can lead to informed decision-making, allowing the patient to have exzmple control on his own life situation. In the encounter between what is the example of effective nonverbal communication older adult and the nurse, despite exampel limitations that the hospital environment can pose, a series of human and professional qualities that contribute to a comforting exaample can be found.
In the ways and means of providing comfort, professional knowledge is important and contains certain tools. Among them, the means that stands out is the example of strength based approach in aged care to live the relationship as an intersubjective, interpersonal and reciprocal process, combining the expressions of gestures and affections that show the human behavior of the actors, in general, and of the nurse, in particular.
It is a value associated to human dignity, and it implies the perception that every person is autonomous in decisions concerning themselves and their life 14 14 Bernard B. Human dignity as a component of a long-lasting and widespread conceptual construct. Bioethical Inquiry [Internet]. It seems important that the patient feels satisfied and comforted example of strength based approach in aged care the information and that they find answers to questions and doubts, without any inconsistencies or contradictions.
Information management, as a type of intervention that provides comfort, is linked to feelings management. Example of strength based approach in aged care order to establish this, there must be an exchange of information and understanding between the actors, with an implicit process of mutual interpretation. The nurse must be attentive not only to words, but also to gestures, expressions and attitudes, as well as desires and the way of thinking and acting of the person.
Open and clear communication with patients is fundamental for a successful interaction and for the construction of an adequate communicative dynamic, in which there is harmony between instrumental and behavioral care. This study also showed that music therapy and touching are forms of non-verbal communication that constitute care interventions. Those actions are essential for the establishment of communication and sharing of ideas and emotions, as they convey comfort, affection, well-being, trust, safety and sharing.
In the search for comforting, music therapy is experienced as a strategy of proximity, an invitation to meet the person, a singular moment in which the relationship happens, giving support to the feelings of pleasure and happiness. In trying caare disclose the situations that represent comfort, touching also appears as a powerful form of comfort, which conveys interest and ease the older adult.
La relatión enfermera-paciente. Medellín: Editorial Universidad Antioquia. The natural display of the smile was another sign of communication that provided comfort, through the warm affection appproach conveys to the person. Studies show that smile and humor have an effect on the interaction, promoting a therapeutic effect in people who feel depressed or pessimist and also serving as a form of relaxing 16 16 Tremayne P.