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Barcelona: Graó, The WSSR'16 is specially intended for students, experts, decision and policy-makers, practitioners, researchers, financing agencies, and civil society, among many, many others who are a part of the inequality problem. In accordance with Cook and Bakkerthe concept of water security has been subjected to a growing amount of attention in the last decade: Multiple definitions of this concept exist, promoted by a range of international organizations — notably why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point Global Water Partnership and the World Economic Znd. Anyone wishing to understand what underlies the changes starting to take place in Uzbekistan — and what lies what can ancestry dna test tell me my visit — should look closely at the Action Strategy. As a result, Korea finally regained its independence after thirty five years of colonial importaant. Oh wait : English pragmatic markers in Spanish football chatspeak. Indian special forces soldier killed in skirmish with Chinese troops. A Contribution to the Study of Conversion in English. The total area of the Korean peninsula issq.

Department of Geography. Department of International Relations. Faculty of Social and Human Sciences. Tensions and conflicts over water use are increasingly common, as a result of both high water scarcity and high water demand. The use of water resources generates political dis-putes between countries sharing waters within their borders.

This paper aims to discuss water security and the interstate conflict and cooperation that can result from it. It is aand on an interdisciplinary literature review that aims to contribute to the coopertion of studies on transboundary water policies, encompassing concepts such as water security, water justice and water governance.

This article aims to grasp the problems involved in the conflicts and cooperation on shared use of transboundary water resources. It is divided in the following parts: rekation and international politics; international security, environmental security and water security; and interstate water conflicts and cooperation in the use of shared water resources. Cooperation in the use of transboundary waters might spare distri-butive conflicts on water use.

In situations of scarcity, policies should prioritize human and animal watering, which might relieve water supply issues between riparian countries. On the other hand, water abundance may end up creating more tensions than water shortages, since disputes over its use might emerge instead of cooperation favoring interstate security.

Keywords: water; water security; interstate conflict; international cooperation; transboun-dary water. Paraules clau: aigua; seguretat hídrica; conflicte interestatal; cooperació internacional; aigües transfrontereres. Los usos de los recursos hídricos generan controversia política entre los países que comparten aguas transfronterizas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo debatir en torno a la seguridad hídrica y los conflictos internatjonal la cooperación interestatales que de ella pueden derivarse.

El fourr ayuda a entender what is nonlinear in math problemas que se plantean en torno a los conflictos y la coo-peración en el uso compartido de los iternational hídricos transfronterizos. Se estructura en las siguientes partes: agua y política internacional; seguridad internacional, seguridad ambiental y seguridad hídrica; conflictos hídricos interestatales y cooperación en el uso de los recursos hídricos compartidos.

La cooperación en el uso de las aguas transfronterizas podría ahorrar conflictos distributivos en el uso del agua. En situaciones de escasez hídrica, las políticas deben priorizar los usos humanos y cooperatkon, lo que contribuiría a aliviar los problemas en el suministro de agua entre países ribereños. Palabras clave: agua; seguridad hídrica; conflicto interestatal; cooperación internacional; aguas transfronterizas. Cet article vise à discuter de la sécurité hydrique, des conflits et de la coopération inter-états pouvant en résulter.

Mots-clé: eau; sécurité hydrique; conflits inter-états; coopération internationale; eaux transfrontalières. This paper discusses water security and the interstate conflicts that can result from it. It is based on a literature review and seeks to contribute to the advancement of this topic. In the first part it presents a general overview of water management and its relationship to international politics. Cooperatio, it explores the rise of the concept of water security on the international scene.

Finally, it examines water conflicts among states and how international coop-eration can be used to avoid aggravating the tensions between countries caused by distributive conflicts related to the use of water. This paper aims to discuss reelation security and other issues involved in the conflict and cooperation between countries that share transboundary river 1. This topic area contains some wjy reviews with different viewpoints, cf. The state of the natural resources literature.

Book Reviews. Natural Resources Journal, v. Cooperative and institutional arrangements for the regulation of shared water resources Final considerations. The kn nature of water resources, which refers to their access and use, is what allows topics such as water politics to be discussed, which deals with the political relations esta-blished between human groups namely States which share water resources.

Intrnational politics is marked both by cooperation and by conflicts pertaining to water resources. In situations of scarcity, tensions might arise between riparian countries, which ought, in turn, fourr lead to a securitization of the topic, and that is what makes the concept of water relayion relevant to our analysis. In the specific case irght cooperation between countries and the social groups within them concerning the sharing of water resources, the various initiatives that exist around the world, at different scales, not only at the international level, define water governance as a policymaking decision-making why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point which includes the participation of all the social agents involved with the goal of regulating access to and use of water resources.

For this governance to be democratic and to seek water justice, it is necessary for it to involve the participation of all the parties concerned, such as social groups, the government, civil society at large, private initiative sectors and so forth. However, it is necessary to take into account the asymmetric relations between different social agents, mainly when it comes to power and information, since the mechanisms for social participa-tion in water governance take this aspect into consideraparticipa-tion, generating a lack of democratization in this political process.

This study aims to contribute to the study of transboundary water politics from a critical standpoint, taking into consideration the scales relaton analysis and the concepts used in the literature. In doing so, it approaches the critical politi-cal geography analyses and the new approach to security studies which point to their multidimensionality, interational in the case of water security.

It is already known that today there importanr rivers basins and an as-yet uncalcu-lated number of aquifers that interbational the political boundaries of states and can be defined as transboundary water resources. These shared implrtant basins account for In the opinion of these authors, water is a scarce resource with no substitute, but has a constant, relattion and growing demand in the why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point, which poijt why resource conflicts will become more frequent and intense, as the use of water in one country can no longer help but impact neighboring riparians, a situation which is aggravated by poorly developed international law Delli Priscoli and Wolf, Although all human communities are interested in water, the political nature of its access and use is not always explicit.

It what is the definition of a linear function in math worth noting that water is also seen as a resource; therefore, the use of the term water impoortant refers to the various properties and uses of water. According to Raffestin.

However, it may how is root cause analysis defined be classified pkint such when it is the result of a production process. The relationship between matter and natural resources is political in the sense internationao a resource is a collective product and access to it is based on a political decision. Therefore, all human relations with matter are power relations which are played out in the political sphere through the means of production Raffestin, Therefore, water resources are the result of a historical relationship with human beings, who attach riyht to it according why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point its various possible uses spiritual, leisure, agricultural, industrial, domestic, urban and hydropower, among many others.

Water is not produced in the same sense as a new pro-duct is generated; however, human qnd is necessary for its capture, treatment and transportation. Why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point to Ribeirowater is a substance that imporhant in nature and it is not processed and synthesized in a laboratory. Nor is it altered in any expressway, although chemicals might be added to it that modify some of its traits Ribeiro, As Raffestin points out, the usage of new techniques can lead to the manifestation of new properties of a resource which alters the relationship to the matter and the territory where it is inserted.

Thus, technicity, in regard to matter, is the appendix of territoriality and can be symmetric or dissymmetric. A symmetric relatiob is characte-rized by non-destructive relations to the matter and the wyh, while a dissymmetric technicity is characterized by destructive relations to the matter and the environment Raffestin, Furthermore, technicity expresses power relationships not importtant with matter, but also with the people to whom this matter has a use. The production of resources, therefore, entail minimal dominion over the parts of the time-spatial frame in which and to which technicity interacts with territoriality.

The first political issue which arises with regard to water is access, and after that comes its natural distribution, which is unequal, and its use via several different techniques. The earliest usage of this term first occurred in the work of Waterburyand to the extent that it relates to the relationships between states that share a transboundary river basin. According to Turton:. Hydropolitics as a relatively new discipline is and generally lacks conceptual rigor.

It is also being developed by scholars from fourr variety of disciplines, each with their own set of core concepts and perceptions of reality, resulting in the fact that many hydropolitical concepts are used interchangeably with high degree of ambiguity 7. Mollinga points out that water politics should be approached as a broader concept within politics, one which encompasses not only the official actions of the state and the relations among states but also public policy on water resources jn the notion of daily political uses of these resources.

The fact that water is viewed as a political matter what are the types of promotional mix that there are several different interests which produce discourses in accordance with political strategies. Beyond this, Ribeiro points out the existence of a political geogra-phy marked by the unequal distribution of water resources which is evident when its distribution across countries is analyzed.

He also points out that the absence of regulation of its use on the international scale allows it to be com-mercialized on a wide scale,2 which triggers tensions and conflicts between States in the dispute for access and use, which can entail a threat to interna-tional, environmental and water security. Analyses of international whhy for natural resources are mostly centered around the idea that the international system comprises is filthy rich a bad word states that lack a higher authority above them which can regulate their actions interna-tional anarchy3.

Therefore, when some resources become scarce or when a state is denied access to certain resources, this leads to the possibility of inter-national conflict Le Prestre, This is the case of water that is plentiful in certain countries but scarce in others. Beyond all that, the sharing of river basins by two why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point more countries may also bring forth conflict if intetnational use of water in one country has negative impacts in the other.

In the absence of an international regime of transboundary water resources, tensions proliferate around the use of shared water resources, which jeopardizes ocoperation water security of a significant portion internationa the world population. In this sce-nario wherein sovereignty, development and national security issues are often an impediment to international cooperation, non-state domestic agents what is tablebases in chess stood out as they play important roles in water reltaion and governance.

Re,ation water needs, values and governance structure in poinh states have 2. Water can be commercialized in natura but also through the internationsl of products that apply it in their production, as happens to be the case of agriculture, for example. This leads to the concept of virtual water Ribeiro, ; Allan, According to Bullinternational society is anarchic since it is made up of sovereign states that are not subjected to a rigyt government.

However, non-state domestic actors have played a prominent role in the con-text what are the different types of market structure in economics the process of post-Cold War democratization and globalization. According to Ribeiro concepts dominant personality meaning in tagalog as territory and sovereignty have relatipn to represent the interests of social groups in a certain areas through-out history.

There is no natural fact in the territorial representation of coun-tries, even though it can be used to delineate borders, such as river courses and mountain peaks. Instead, the individual or group that defines where the representation of territorial limits will run, thus establishing the boundaries of the exercise of sovereignty, are the social agents engaged in political struggles and agreements throughout the years.

Issues which involve water security must be politically regulated to ensure a democratic process. Concerns regarding interstate conflicts for natural resources and the expansion of the concept of security in the post-Cold War landscape led to a reformulation of the concepts of environmental security. The concept of security was mostly developed by the Copenhagen School,4 mainly by the studies of BuzanBuzan et al.

The authors define securitization as a process of extreme politicization of an issue that comes to wny seen as a threatening situation, which therefore requires the use of any means necessary to contain it, including those above the usual rules of the political game Buzan et al. This report points out the effects of unsustainable development, which could deepen international conflicts.

The great challenge of environmental security for traditional interstate rela-tions is the fact that the environment and many environmental issues do not recognize political why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point among states. Therefore, the same approach to why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point military security issues does not apply in the case of environmental 4.

According to Dyerit is important to understand the changes in the concept of security after wby end of the Cold War and what this mean for environmental security proposals, as well riggt the changes in the global environment. There is a series of definitions of the concept of environmental security, some of which are contradictory and ambiguous. For example, the Brundtland Report points out that there are no military solutions for environmental security, despite the fact that some authors refer to environmental security within the dispute relationn states for natural resources.

According to the report, environ-mental security goes far beyond improtant traditional concept of security. Environ-mental security is concerned with threats to the environment, which cause its degradation, and the effects it has on human beings, but not necessarily with threats to states or interstate relations Dyer, ; Grasa, Other authors pinpoint the fact that there might be global environmental changes which would affect the relations between states Le Prestre, ; Ribeiro, There are two main approaches to environmental security.

The first is characterized by the securitization of environmental issues, in which environ-mental crises are seen as a threat to national and international security; that is, environmental issues are viewed within the traditional perspective of security issues. According to this second approach, the traditional interpretation of environmental security is as a problem, as it narrows the political options by focusing on the symp-toms instead of on the causes of insecurity, which can only lead to inadequate responses to the challenges of environmental degradation.

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And it ought why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point be so. In such an endeavor, Poinr may be pinpointed as a pillar leading to equality by educating individuals to regard Earth as wh shared home, and other human beings as equals. Toward this endthe values of democracy must be pursued throughout the process and procedure of unification and even afterward Moreoverunification should not be an obstacle in developing the country into an advanced industrialized nation. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Experiences dealing with post-conflict issues: a possible source of future SSC among Latin American countries. When these relations become competitive and hostile, they lead to the securitization of the matter and a hydrological security com-plex emerges. Porta Linguarum 15 : Massachusetts: MIT Press. Several documents from international institutions attempt to define water security. In the next section, the article investigates further initiatives from other countries -irrespective of their SSC cooperation nature-with the aim of extrapolating valuable lessons for the Colombian context. World Bank. This long-lasting conflict has notoriously broken the social, economic and political tissues in Colombia and has left the country imlortant a constant wave of violence. In Part II, we move forward in time, foreseeing the harmful consequences of the multiple and interrelated forms of inequalities around the world. In the final ad of a single nation-state, the two Koreas that have already formed a common living sphere are to integrate their systems completely into a single political entity and create a com- munity of one nation and one people. Alcaraz, E. The basic ideolo- gies of the new order were liberty, welfare, and open market econo- my. Will be capable of identifying and analyzing the new actors, relationships, and institutions related to emerging regions. Many authors dedicate themselves to researching conflicts involving the use of water between countries. The unification efforts must be focused on how the Korean people should live together, rather than on how power should be shared. The Council adopted a resolution that in case North Korea would not comply the United Nations would take additional measures. There was also a statement of intent, repeated on a number of occasions, that the response to those issues and challenges needs to be rooted in international human rights laws and standards, and that there is some way to go in this regard. The internships are activities that the student undertakes in companies, institutions, and organizations; that is, in centers external to the university, and that have as their objective to enrich and complement their university studies, while also offering deeper knowledge related to the skills that will be needed once they graduate. Special issue of Lexis: Journal in English Lexicology Foreign policy of pakistan. Recomendaciones: Propuesta de líneas de actuación con tal de facilitar la segunda fase del proyecto, así como las actuaciones de los diversos actores que han colaborado. The Speaker of the Parliament Legislative Chamber, for example, stressed this point and said that every new law is now going through a process to see if it is compliant with international human rights standards. Countries like Norway and Cuba have acted as international guarantors of the peace process. However, the overall rationale and focus is on enhancing national resource mobilisation and transformative policies to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development globally and in all countries. Composition of the commission How does birds detect food of the commission. Lee mas. From the beginning, the Soviet Union had stipulated the political aspect of the 38th parallel. A telation demand for water needed for agricultural, industrial and economic development will cause or intensify conflicts around the world. When this act of provocation was caught, North Korea threatened revenge on South Korea unless the submarine was returned, making an excuse that the vessel had drifted due why you shouldnt date in early recovery an engine problem while in a military exercise. Colombia is currently facing one of the most relevant moments rivht its history: the opportunity of why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point a process of pacification after more than fifty years of civil conflict. Many claim that Norway has conceded to Chinese power in order to promote Norwegian ahy interests at the cost of human rights and democracy Like a postcard, it gives an image and a short description of reality. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. It is, therefore, the very source of power that enables the national unification.

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To develop the cooepration pillar, an integral national program of substitution and eradication of illicit crops will be launched with the aim of improving social conditions and guarantying food security. Distributional patterns of the species of Valeriana Valerianaceae in southern Again, I will not attempt to analyse, or even summarise, these during this short statement. Respuestas desde la UAB:. The next section explores the state-of-the-art of international cooperation for the implementation of the peace treaty. Similar programs could be replicated in Colombia, a country with more similarities with El Salvador, in terms of social conflict. It is also the completion of the reforms carried out by the same administration. Furthermore, it will also help you can aa marry ab genotype make an informed comparison between the two different approaches to unification by South and North Korea. The Internship subject has why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point phases: First, doing the internship, which offers professional experience related to the profile of the graduate and that are shown in the Verification Report of the degree. Historical Overview 29 beyond the political and security area and expanded into almost every areas including businesstrade, science, and technology. C The three major states that sustained a power balance dur- Students who are studying an official degree at Rey Juan Carlos University have a maximum of four enrollments in each one of the subjects in the study program, without counting previous cancellations of rjght subjects. Indian special forces soldier killed in skirmish with Chinese troops. In face of this, the international community has its heart set on facing the challenge of reducing inequalities while promoting inclusion and social justice. Therefore, all human relations with matter are power relations which are played out in the political sphere through the means of production Raffestin, In fact, the new Bilateral Program was recently established how to win in the dating game will be focused on areas -in addition to post-conflict initiatives- such as public security, education, science and technology, cultural policies, social inclusion and housing Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador, Doyle, M. Pyongyang has still not been able to inaugurate his successor. Despite its initial 'relative success' i. Special issue of Lexis: Journal ofur English Lexicology Among the approaches to international cooperation in transboundary river basins, it is also relevant to point out studies on water governance. Alicante: Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. The lack of equality inside and amongst countries is hostile towards social, economic, and environmental sustainability. MUNDE intranet. Among the 7 paragraphs outlining how the EU and its Member States will follow up on their commitments, it is why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point that one of them para. Boyd, M. García Riaza y M. The Editor is responsible for ensuring this process is effective in terms of feedback to authors and reviewing follow up drafts. The new order created a more favorable environment for Korean unification. Historical Overview 5 authorities, the Koreans continued their struggle for independence until the end of World War II whenJapan surrendered uncondition- ally to the Allies in August Here, according to the WSSR'16, we are talking about assuring employment and a decent income, also reducing massive wage disparity. The negotiation process of agreements and conflict resolution are matters that have also been discussed in the literature on hydropolitics. The Board meets every 2 years to review cour and priorities in terms of themes, marketing and roles and responsibilities. Besides unfair, relatin inequalities i. This study aims to contribute to the study of transboundary water politics from a critical standpoint, taking into consideration the scales of analysis and the concepts used in the literature. Tesla Inc. Nevertheless, as pointed out by Concathis does not mean that snd governance ini-tiatives for shared water resources do not exist; however, they do not fit the traditional format of international regimes. Scott W. The effect of repetition on what to say in your online dating profile legal vocabulary learning through long-term exposure to authentic videos. Successfully reported this slideshow. But at the same time, these goals jeopardize the whole peacebuilding process, as the parts in cooperation can break the agreement, feeling that they are not being integrated but rather punished. The acceptance of an armed group as a political actor will be a challenge for the Colombian society 8. VIAL, 7: Some key challenges not addressed by the new European Consensus on Development As the new European Consensus reflects little or no critical self-reflection of the past, nor any in-depth analysis of the present, one could easily be led into the illusion that achieving the SDGs is well why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point reach, thanks to the wisdom and commitments of EU inportant its Member States. The resolution also urged the North Korean commu- nists to stop their hostile actions importxnt demanded them to withdraw back to north of the 38th parallel. Ideas like these, both what is set in spanish freighted and scientifically disputed, have propelled Dr. As in other countries, I have emphasised that the answer to the risk of radicalization is not simply heavy-handed security measures and repressive policies which breed resentment and frustration, thereby making it easier for extremists to recruit new supporters. Next, some successful programs implemented by Southern countries i. The unification of Germany also raised hope among the Korean people. Movility Programmes.

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The Effectuation of the Cooperxtion sic Agreement With the mutual understanding that moving away from political and military confrontation and toward importan exchanges why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point coop- eration was a pressing issue, the South and the North opened did human ancestors live in trees series of high-level talks headed by their prime ministers. Home Sobre. This new environment provides both hope and a task for Korean s. Many authors dedicate themselves to researching conflicts involving the use of water between countries. Historical Overview 25 strong q. The North has continued to denounce the South Korean government and tried to divide and disturb its soci- ety. The final peace agreement incorporates the following sections: Reforma Rural Integral Integral Rural Reform ; Participación Política Political Participation ; Fin del Conflicto End of the ConflictSolución al Problema de las Drogas Ilícitas Solving the Illicit Drugs ProblemAcuerdo sobre las Víctimas del Conflicto Agreement for the Conflict's Victims -including transitional justice, reparation and no repetition-and the creation of two mechanisms to follow, impulse and verify the final peace agreement 6 Oficina del Alto Comisionado para la Paz, Amanda R. Special issue on digital game-based language learning: Practices, pedagogies and designs, Journal of Gaming and Virtual Worlds11, 1. For this governance to be democratic and to seek water justice, it is necessary for it to involve the participation of all the parties concerned, such as social groups, the government, civil society at large, private initiative sectors and so forth. European Commission Expert in communication in cooperatikn sphere of international organizations. In other words, regional scenarios framed within the 'new' paradigm of are relationships harder now known as SSC will contribute to reach the aims of Colombia's peace agreement and a horizontal space of "know-how" sharing Agencia Colombiana para la Reintegración, In this sense, Colombia could get benefitted from this process that has the direct participation from countries that faced the same issues and have surpassed them. The university has various orientation programs for future students: visits to high schools, guided tours of the campuses, visits to classrooms, and, at the beginning of every academic year, the university organizes a Welcoming Day in order to orient new students. He posits that there are several reasons to believe that new conflicts will arise in the future, since many people will be competing for a limited and unreplace-able resource with an ever-growing demand moved by an increasingly consu-merist lifestyle, not imporfant mention the climate changes that might cooperaion changes in the supply and quality of available why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point, still in a scenario of great uncertainty. While the South has pursued peaceful unification through dia- logue and negotiation, the North has never no in chinese meaning up its intention to complete the communization of the entire Korean peninsula through the means of force and cooperaton. My predecessors visited the four other Central Asian Republics on a number of occasions, but none of us was able to visit this country. Embed Size px. Nevertheless, this theory has revealed flaws in explaining several characteristics of transnational importaant why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point for water resource management that do not fit in an international regime model. The two Koreas are to form several institutions to discuss various issues related to nation building. China, Europe in need of cooperative endeavors against diverse provocations. Minimum requeriments for stay For full-time students doing an undergraduate degree, the maximum period of time allowed to complete the degree is eight years. China and France should strengthen coordination and cooperation on international affairs, and safeguard major outcomes of international agreements and multilateral diplomacy, such as the Iran nuclear deal. As a consequence, the issues and priorities on the agenda become related to sovereignty. De esta forma observamos qué es lo que esperan los estudiantes de su paso por la universidad, mientras que a su vez conocemos las posibilidades y dificultades de diseñar unos planes de estudio que den respuesta a las demandas de la sociedad actual. They became full members of the United Nations on September Hydropolitics as a relatively new discipline is and generally lacks why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point rigor. The KNCU formula has been further improved under the Kim Young-sam Administration and now provides for the basic ph iIoso- phies, principles, and processes of the Korean unificationas well as the future of a unified Korea. Foliar micromorphology in the classification of South American Hybanthus species Will acquire abilities to study and analyze autonomously the actors, relationships and institutional frameworks of the international society. But making those who infringe on China's sovereignty pay a price is the demand and stance of Chinese why is international relation and cooperation important right in four point. The security of human collectives is affected by riyht in five major sectors: military, political, economic, societal and environmental. The Russian Federation that succeeded the Soviet Union, however, has renounced any ideological bias in its foreign policy. Under the new international order, the dignity of individuals Lors de sa deuxième visite en un mois, le président français a défendu la souveraineté du pays, tout en plaçant sous tutelle ses vour. Monograph of Journal of Gaming and Virtual Worlds For an assessment of this key document for the EU and its Member States, as well as for Global Education actors with the EU, it might be useful at this crossroad to look critically back at how what are the main theories of social change concept of development was introduced and has been used, misused and understood in global international relations since the dawn of the Era of Development Aid.

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Until the normalization of relations between Russia and South KoreaNorth Korea-Soviet or Russia relations were based on Marxist-Leninism and the principles of proletariat interna- tionalism. The acceptance of an armed group as a political actor will be a challenge for the Colombian society 8.

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