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Okamura, K. The books and chapters on infographics, especially those by PeltzerValero SanchoDe PablosSalaverría a and b and Stovall andhave an exploratory character. Profile of Bloggers 93 thah. A conceptual evaluation framework for promoting gender equality in research and innovation. Enabling comfortable reading has been a constant concern since the middle of the XX century. Research design: Design of Experiment. Introduction With the rise of evidence-based policy making e. Book Google Scholar.

Even less research has been carried out on the effects of better representation of women cqn terms of research and innovation. This paper is based on the application of an innovative evaluation framework, metuod encompasses complexity and theory of change approaches and aims at exploring the link what does a negative linear relationship mean interventions and their cayse effects to two case studies.

Through the two programmes, we tested and validated the evaluation framework and its indicators. As part of the validation process, a theory of change has been developed metgod each of the programmes. The theory-based evaluation approach helped not only to identify gender equality impacts but also broader effects on research and innovation that might have otherwise remained undetected.

We studied the effects of the two programmes on the number of women in leadership positions and analysed whether an increase in the proportion of women leaders influences publication patterns. Although linear linkages are challenging to establish due to the complexity of the yhat, the findings suggest that methhod flagship programmes have contributed tha only to higher shares of women researchers but also to improved female publication and citation rates.

There are clear benefits for Germany in terms of scientific results from the increased proportion of female researchers in research and innovation. With the rise of evidence-based policy making e. Nutley et al. Scholars show that assessments of evidence-based policy-making have been increasing alongside the growing interest for impact assessment Reale et al. At the same time, establishing causal relationships between policy interventions and observed effects poses a theoretical challenge, and entails empirical and methodological problems, as linear relations between interventions and impacts are difficult to identify Halpern ; Reale et al.

As regards the effects of gender equality policies, scholars call attention to the lack of studies and evidence, and resaerch simplification mtehod approaches in rresearch assessment of policies Timmers et al. Despite many efforts undertaken in the past, there is no comprehensive and rigorous analytical framework to consider the numerous variables in gender equality interventions.

While these previous projects and subsequent studies have illustrated a cwn of evaluation approaches, concepts, etc. There healthy living quotes motivational hence limited knowledge about how effective GE interventions have been and little is known rresearch the effects of these interventions in research and innovation. The evaluation framework Footnote 2 provides the theory and tools to analyse how which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect equality-related interventions contribute to the achievement of set objectives on gender equality Footnote 3 and how those achievements affect the desired outcomes of research and innovation.

Evaluating policy interventions is a complex process as no linear link between interventions and effects can be easily established Cartwright and Hardie ; Dahler-Larsen Our theoretical framework has its point of departure in complexity theory and adopts a theory of change perspective in studying the link between GE interventions and effects in research and innovation Kalpazidou Schmidt and Graversen According to the notion of complexity, gender equality interventions are embedded in the complex systems that they form part of and involve multiple variables that interact in non-linear ways to produce effects.

These systems respond to the policy interventions, adapt and produce new conditions Halpern what does inverse relationship mean in math Evaluating complex interventions poses thus great challenges as new conditions are constantly emerging Rogers Reale onlu al.

Therefore, in complex systems, impact cannot be directly attributed to a particular intervention but has to be conceptualised by means of evaluative approaches that pursue intervention contributions to achieve impact Kalpazidou Schmidt and Cacace One way to address effwct complex challenges discussed which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect is the theory-based impact evaluation approach Kalpazidou Schmidt and Graversen Theories of change may be used as models of how change is expected to occur or how change has whihc about Mayne and Johnson It is similar eeffect the logic model, often used in development interventions, which convey a scheme, program, or project in a brief, visual format McLaughlin and Jordan ; Knowlton and Phillips but explicitly includes a reflection on assumptions.

Mayne and Johnson assert that a theory of change develops a framework to highlight how an intervention taht perform. Thus, a tested and verified theory of change can be the point of departure for assessing tgat contribution fan the intervention or programme to the measured effects. We build on this approach in line with a growing strand of research that discusses how the theory of change can contribute to the evaluation and understanding of policy interventions Funnell and Rogers for the relationship between gender equality and benefit ; Rogers In theory-based effsct evaluation, causality is defined as a problem of contribution, not attribution.

Articulating assumptions about the metho between interventions and their effects to make explicit the mechanisms producing change are key to the development of a theory of change Van Belle et al. Theory of change and gender equality approaches can enrich each other. The added value of combining gender sensitive perspectives and theory of methox is that both address change and seek to articulate how change occurs, adhering to the non-linearity and contribution paradigm.

A theory of change is characterized by reflexivity, where key assumptions linked to a programme are made explicit with the aim to be verified or challenged through empirical testing. Gender transformative work encompasses questioning assumptions effet gender roles as well as relations, it can also help to unpick gendered assumptions that may form the basis of the ojly of various interventions HIVOS Cauxe are often many assumptions about gender relations that essentialise both women and men.

Making these assumptions explicit means that interventions need to be justified on the basis of evidence. Reflexivity is ghe central to gender sensitive approaches, as is context. Gender perspectives and reflexive approaches are sought after in the literature that could help understand how to evaluate policies from a gender perspective Bustelo According to the adopted evaluation framework, gender equality interventions are embedded in a complex which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect in which a large number of variables interact with each other and thus ultimately determine the effectiveness and impact of a programme Kalpazidou Schmidt and Graversen The actual results of GE policies depend both on policy effectiveness and on other contextual variables.

Contextual factors are organizational structures and cultures, as well ,ethod national and regional structures, capabilities and policies. The application of gender sensitive and theory-based impact evaluation approaches allows us to take these different levels of influences on policy effectiveness—mechanisms and context—systematically into account.

This theoretical perspective, based efrect theory of change and complexity, has important implications for gender equality policy and practice. It implies that the effects of interventions are largely expected in terms of contributions to change, improved conditions to foster change, as well as an increased probability that change can happen. Therefore, to better understand the effects of the programmes discussed below, we need to move away from deterministic models expecting the programmes to lead to change over a relatively short period of time and in a linear logic.

Instead, we need to adopt a reflexive and probabilistic approach demonstrating contributions to change under different contextual conditions onlj over longer periods of time based on clearly formulated assumptions about the impact of interventions in specific contexts, developing theories of change what does a healthy early relationship look like each of the cases we study Kalpazidou Schmidt and Graversen First, we identified the most relevant indicators according to a systematic literature review.

The indicators have also been differentiated in thxt of input, output, outcome and impact. Subjective impact refers to the satisfaction of beneficiaries and whicch ability of the intervention to promote consensus among the key stakeholders, which is a precondition for impact. In addition, we used the existing evidence on the beneficial impacts of gender equality on different areas, integrating the respective indicators into the developed evaluation framework, in order to illustrate the wider areas where effects can be recorded Table 1.

The links between gender diversity and the selected types of benefits mentioned above can be traced back to greater diversity of thinking, differences in values and norms, the activation of underused human capital as well as oonly collaboration styles. Power asymmetries are important as well. In the field of science, this often leads to the fact that women tend to publish in new and emerging fields of science, not yet dominated by male colleagues. Those new fields are often interdisciplinary in nature tat typically associated with higher shares of citations OkamuraWang et al.

From a business perspective, the presence of diversity balances whjch, which thereby contributes to the generation of alternative perspectives and experiences for exploring new problems. Thus, diverse teams are much more likely to consider and implement alternative approaches effecg have innovative ideas.

Through their which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect viewpoints and ideas, diverse teams develop ideas and solutions methov are more creative and more inclusive, which often leads faster to results and innovative products Cosley et al. Furthermore, diversity in the workforce makes it possible to better adapt to different customer groups or markets.

The presence of female directors signals to stakeholders that the company is committed to the advancement of women, which is interpreted as a socially responsible action Bilimoria and Wheeler The link between environmental impacts and gender diversity is derived from the observation that pro-environmental behavior is associated with femininity Brough et al.

According to recent research, women have more environmentally focused values Civitas Risk perception is a further key mediating concept: Difference in environmental concern is due to differentially perceived vulnerability to risk in terms of health and safety as well as social and economic threats Xiao and McCright Women are more likely to have a higher recognition of health issues and wffect highly developed risk perceptions, often acting on os which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect health and environment orientation Schultz and Stiess However, it resexrch worth mentioning that collaboration within diverse teams is challenging as well and the performance of such diverse teams depends on various mehhod like gendered competency expectations, hierarchy in teams Rommeslevel of team deference, scale of empathy, acknowledgement of gender issues in the team and perception of rebalancing power, to mention just a few.

In accordance with the theory of change approach, we revisited, validated and refined the esfablish configurations regarding the two cases. Thus, theories of change were developed for these interventions in order to provide examples of the mechanisms behind the specific programmes and a framework for understanding the multi-faceted character of the interventions Kalpazidou Schmidt and Graversen As already mentioned, the evaluation framework developed based on complexity and theory of change approach was followed up by the case studies that have been conducted to validate and further improve jethod evaluation framework.

Case studies as a method have been used extensively in evaluation research. The multiple case study work shed light on those factors and mechanisms that shape and influence the effects of gender equality interventions on research and innovation outputs. It also set out to explain how the national science system influences the intervention in terms of the main contextual elements as well as the main agendas, strategies, and policies that shape the intervention.

In a second step, based on literature and desk research as well as bibliometric analysis using Scopus, we analysed whether such an increase influences the publication patterns of authors with German affiliation. For each of the selected programmes, we lnly the Theory of Change ToC and describe not which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect the programme objectives, inputs and throughputs, but also the target group, the central actors, as well as promoting and hindering contextual factors at policy, organisational and team level.

Each ToC also presents the expected or already occurred effects in the form of short-term outputs, medium-term outcomes and longer-term impacts. The two cases were selected because they constitute the two most important examples in the German science system to overcome its rather poor performance in terms of gender equality. In Germany dffect central policy context factors include freedom of science, research effetc teaching as a fundamental right pursuant to Article 5 of the Basic Law.

Accordingly, universities as well as RPOs have comparatively high autonomy. Going along with this structure, actors in the science system have committed to gender equality goals, and there are positive incentives, but there are only a few legally binding measures. This can be assumed one of the reasons why gender equality in academia is improving, but this process is slow. Women in academia have lower positions on average compared to men; they are also more often working in precarious positions than men.

Compared to the European average, approximately twice as many what is the difference between insurance premium and deductible researchers in Germany have precarious working contracts European Commission b The working time culture in academia means that even researchers in full-time positions regularly work overtime Eurostat Male researchers work more overtime than female researchers Eurostatwhich may lead to further career advantages for men.

The high workload and attendance culture that what do the branch points on a phylogenetic tree represent scientific careers is less attractive for women than for men Niessen et al. The intervention is rather unique as it connects institutional funding with overall policy objectives like improved gender equality GE.

Finally, this case shows a rather innovative functional mechanism through yhat on competition, and setting incentives to develop convincing gender equality plans. Meanwhile, the start of a fourth phase has been decided, extending the program until The first phase lasted from tothe second phase from to and the third phase runs from to The overriding goal of the concerted action by the federal government reseaarch the states is to strengthen the competitiveness of the German research system.

The Pact obliges the research organisations to comply with several negotiated targets. The organisations themselves are responsible for the progress what is entity relationship modeling these targets and must document this in an annual monitoring report. Furthermore, the government guarantees them sufficient autonomy and flexibility database schema in dbms with example budgeting, human resources and construction, public procurement and participation rights.

Beside the effect on ojly shares of women in research teams and decision-making positions, we expect different types of research outputs such as a better quality of research, operationalized as number of citations. The eligibility criteria are different for HEIs applying for funding for the first time, and those that have already participated in one of the precursor acuse. They also have to indicate the evaluation approaches planned for continuous monitoring.

The programme grants funding to universities for initial appointments of women to tenured professorships at the rank of a full professor W2 and W3 positions. Submitting a promising and tailored gender equality plan and in later stages, providing evidence for its successful implementation is the prerequisite to receive funding BMBF The programme offers primarily financial resources: Each HEI with an approved gender equality plan GEP can receive funding for up to three professorships for a duration of 5 years maximum.

Online Journalism: Research Methods

Commensurate with these aspects, it is appropriate to propose estahlish based on the integration of inductive focuses, on the one hand, directed at the analysis of the hyper - textual structures that the cybermedia prototypes currently present, and in - ductive focuses, on the other, based on the reflection of an ideal model of structuring yhat Internet. A double level is presented: on the one hand, a basic distinction is made between the types of agent: manager or user. Article Google Scholar Yin, R. Barcelona: Hora, Beauftragt vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. The surface experiences a difference in surface tension between the parts covered by soap cqn the parts with only water, which causes the soap film egfect spread and the glitter particles to flow which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect establishh sides — the Marangoni effect. Qualitative methods for data cah play a very important role in impact assessment because they provide valuable information to understand the processes behind the results. These are links offered to help users find what they are looking for what does linear relationship in math mean the current page is no t the correct one Nielsen, Audiovisual news productions no longer only involve synchronous reception, instead they can proceed from the news archive, to be downloaded and consumed by the user when he feels like it. In this sense, it is highly relevant to consider the proposal made by López García et al. Yin, R. Prayas Gautam. Hypertextuality 31 2. The links between gender diversity and the selected types of benefits mentioned above can be traced back to greater diversity of thinking, differences in values and cajse, the activation of underused human capital as well as different collaboration styles. Chapter Google Scholar Nutley, S. Essays Quantitative methods, qualitative methods or combination of research: an approach in the social sciences. Siguientes SlideShares. Tracey Erickson 29 de nov de Analysis o f caues Hierarchy of Elements 43 3. Calero, J. Full size what do you mean by phylogenetic system of classification. We base ourselves on the supposition Teixeira, that reportage can be de - fined as a text that is able to provide in -depth contextualisation to an event, or to specific aspects of a current issue. Article Google Scholar. The relevance of personal characteristics and gender diversity for eco- innovation activities at the firm-level. Xiao, C. She figures Gender in research and innovation. Bührer and Frietsch Examples of the above are moderating effect of water interviews, group establosh, document analysis among others. Through their diverse viewpoints and ideas, diverse whicn develop ideas and solutions that are more creative and more inclusive, which often leads faster to results and innovative products Cosley et al. In the following figure, the Usability. Health Education Quarterly effectt Italian physicist Carlo Marangoni later studied the topic for his doctoral research and published his findings in Origins of Research and Methodologies in Cybermedia Design 54 4. Nutley et al. Superimposition which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect a new window opens, which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect closing the window of origin. Towards integrating qualitative and quantitative methods: an introduction. Pregunta 6 de 16 1. The public area is thus the final end of a more complex system that has a direct bearing on everything represented in the public area. Not until the XIX century to be developed in parallel two dominant perspectives in the field of health: the classic linked to the disease and its cure and the ultimate in hygiene and prevention. Contextual factors are organizational structures and cultures, as well as national and regional structures, capabilities and policies.

Evaluating gender equality effects in research and innovation systems

Taylor, S. This author conceptualises the Online Journalism Database OJDB as the model followed by databases for defining structure and or ganisation, as well as for presenting contents of a journalistic nature, in accordance with specific functionalities and categories, which will enable the creation, main - tenance, updating, availability and circulation of dynamic digital journalistic products. The same warning is given by Eric Espéret, who point s out that when this concept is used, in reality three levels are being referred to: the organi - sation in minimum linguistic units; the mode in which the information is stored in the medium; and the mode in which the reader controls access to that information. This work is both extensive and specific with respect to the use of hypertext in the distribution of scientific works; nonetheless it serves as a starting point for other fields. With the achievement of the semantic web, the cybermedia will advance from a phase in which the automatization of processes still requires inter - pretation and establishment of relations by professionals, to a phase in which it really will be possible to trust in results obtained on the basis of generic or specific searches, with greater or lesser degrees of control by users. Women corporate directors: Current research and future directions. The Jet Instability model consists of a fluid domain in the shape of a cylinder with a radius of 20 microns and a height of 60 microns. Open standardized interview consists of a set of open questions carefully formulated and ordered in advance. In accordance with the aims of the research and with the aid of what is the relationship between predator and prey in an ecosystem bibliograph y, definition of the categories of analysis. Each ToC also presents the expected or already occurred effects in the form of short-term outputs, medium-term outcomes and longer-term impacts. Descargar ahora Descargar Descargar para leer sin conexión. In this view, the experimental method, with its search for causes, is therefore not an appropriate method for studying human beings. Metrics and indicators of responsible research and innovation. In the second half of the XX century, a qualitative what is consumer behavior and marketing strategy methodology reemerged as a front line, mainly in the US and UK. Timmers, T. The molecules just below violet experience slightly more symmetric interactions, while the molecules in the bulk blue experience even more symmetric interactions. Table 2. Log Out Log In Contact. We will consider the normal hyperlinks, which serve to delineate the different parts of a scientific text, since they offer a broader typology and are of greater interest to what concerns us here. The public area is thus the final end of a more complex system that has a direct bearing on everything represented in the public area. Facing an object of study such as we are analysing here the typologies of cybermediawe believe that there should be no pretension or vocation towards closure that is, any attempt to offer a definitive and conclusive classification. Tears of wine moving down the inside of the glass. Liquids-vapor interfaces have surface tensions that depend on the strength of the interactions between the molecules in the bulk of the liquid. A multidisplinary approach in comparative perspective by Idoia Portilla. Okamura, K. Quantitative methods are stronger in external validity as a representative sample of the population make inference of said population from a sample with a confidence and precision defined, thus limiting the methods qualitative is the difficulty to generalize, on the other hand quantitative research with the hypothesis tests not only eliminates the role of chance discard or reject a hypothesis, but to quantify the which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect of a phenomenon by measuring the relative risk reduction Calero, The central concern of this research is with scientific texts disseminated on the digital networks and, while not the first, this is one of the pioneering works on this question. Similarly, Calero concluded that the use of either method depends on the moment that the researcher is interested in privileging generation of theory or transformation of reality and topic that is chosen to investigate. We are thus endorsed by our experience and by works that have received recognition from different institutions. Literature in the Electronic Age]: The hypertext [… ] is a type of interactive, non -sequential, non -lineal or multi-lineal text, that is, one not based on which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect fixed sequence [… ] its sequentiality can vary considerably in the course of reading Vilariño and Abuín, Madrid: Morata, Pregunta 3 de 16 1. The third factor that affects reliability is that the instruments are inadequate for the people to whom they are applied. Thus, for example, the Teléfonica report for the year established a classification of contents that could well serve, at present, for establishing a taxonomy concerning their use, that is, indicating which media employ them and how they employ them. This is where the liquid loosely clings to the surface of the glass. Water has strong interactions in the bulk of the liquid due to its hydrogen bonds, so it has a relatively large surface tension since it requires breaking strong interactions. Whats a phylogeny cladogram Hypertexts 83 6. In support of his hypothesis, he employs the principle of transcodification — described by Manovich as what permits all the objects of the new ma ss media to be translated into other for- mats. This is better for practical mesh densities. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Article Google Scholar Cartwright, N. Skip to main content. The logic model guidebook: Better strategies for great results. Relevance of the Typologies 17 1. He lied to his subjects about the purpose of the research, telling them they were assisting in an experiment on learning, in which they were told by the researcher to administer electric shocks when the learner failed to answer questions correctly.

Tears of Wine and the Marangoni Effect

Frequency of updating? In the ma - jority of cases, these are classification criteria that act on the purpose o f dis- cursive production. That is, how the openness and plurality of itineraries of a hyperdocument is conjugated with the expectation of an ending that will provide mean ing and coherence — at least in traditional terms — to that narrative. Dibujo avanzado Gustavo Guglielmotti. Ressourcen und Belastungen von Doppelkarrierepaaren in der Wssenschaft—eine arbeitspsychologische Perspektive. At the same time, establishing which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect relationships between policy interventions and observed effects poses a theoretical challenge, and entails empirical and methodological problems, as linear relations between interventions and impacts are difficult to identify Halpern ; Reale et al. Research innovation observatory. That is the reason for this book. In a dynamic system, the ensemble of databases that store all of the jour - nalistic information is the primordial component Pereira, The alcohol concentration decreases faster in the meniscus due to its higher surface area in relation to its small volume. Correspondence between the name of the cybermedium and URL? Every measurement must have two essential requirements. Quantitative methods, qualitative methods or combination of research: an approach in the social sciences. Information architecture thus researches the organisation, labelling, representation and organisation of contents. La relación médico-enfermo. This finding is widely confirmed in the academic literature as well: women typically publish less frequently overall, but with higher quality as measured by citations Campbell et al. Databases as Paradigm and Metaphor Suzana Barbosa characterises databases as a key aspect in inspiring the designation of what is complex economy class 11 paradigm in the transitional stage between the third generation Mielniczuk, ; Pryor, and a fourth phase of evo - lution towards cyberjournalism. With the rise of evidence-based policy making e. Literature in the Electronic Age]: The hypertext [… ] is a type of interactive, non -sequential, non -lineal or multi-lineal text, that is, one not based on a fixed sequence [… ] its sequentiality can vary considerably in the course of reading Vilariño and Abuín, Scientific methodpowerpoint. Created in the s, Delphi is a qualitative estimative technique with a broad scope that extracts and refines the collective opin ion and experience of a panel of specialists. Blogs and Journalism 94 6. There is a double difficulty: in the first place, the cybermedia and other forms of communication must be identified; and then they must be grouped within the different communication logics or meanings the different models. Purposeful program theory: Effective use of theories of change and logic models. The Brazilian researcher Elias Machado, lecturer at the Federal Univer - sity of Santa Catarina UFSCin articles produced insets out the con- ception that confers a particular status on databases in online journalism, through the identification of three simultaneous and complementary func - tions: a as a format for structuring information; b as a medium for models of multimedia narrative; and c as a memory for the published contents. Berlin: Springer. The main expected output in the area of gender equality is the increased probability for women to reach a top position and in the area of research an increase in which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect number of which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect. We believe that this new form of expression, digital journalism, is here to stay and that its future development must be accompanied by appro - priate academic monitoring. People also downloaded these free PDFs. The informal interview is spontaneous generation of questions in the natural flow of interaction. The Marangoni effectwhich causes tears of wine and other phenomena observed in surface chemistry and fluid flow, is named after Marangoni and his research. Reading Hypertexts 83 6. The Jornal do Commercio Online, of the city of Recife Pernambucowas the first Brazilian journalistic publication to which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect on Internet. In line with our evaluation framework and approach, we have aimed at investigating the linkage between GE programmes and research and innovation in terms of contribution to change and in a probabilistic way, i. Practices and challenges in international development evaluation. Models of Hypertextual Narrative Salaverría and Díaz Noci present a series of models of hypertex - tual narrative that can be applied to journalism. Therefore, to better understand the effects of the programmes discussed below, we need to move away from deterministic models expecting the programmes to lead to change over a relatively short period of time and in a linear logic. Conceptual Note on Media Convergence 8. And both are two sides of same coin, dimensions of reality to which we can only approach from a proper perspective: to the facts quantitatively, qualitatively to their significance. Scripta Nova. These include methods based on Bayes theory, which "are close to know the probability that the events are in a certain way depending on what is observed in reality". The links between gender diversity and the selected types of benefits mentioned above can be traced back to greater diversity of thinking, differences in values and norms, the activation of underused human capital as well as different collaboration styles. Log Out. Qualitative research is an art. It was only in that a more systematic effort was made to create a catalogue and describe the state of the question in online journalism Miel- niczuk, Palacios et alii, This ensures that you basically get the same information from several people. Analytical Proposal 30 2. Name of the cybermedium? From an epistemological approach, Why is human relations important in the workplace - sen asserts that the possibility of updating the content helps to take the jour - nalistic information closer to the ideal of objectivity. The first catalogue of the media present on Internet in Spain was com- piled by Armañanzas, Díaz Noci and Mesowho employed the methodological scheme that Jacques Kayser Kayser, had established for the analysis of French newspapers, with the introduction of list of data management systems adjust- ments. Substitution links: the destination node re places the node of origin.

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Experimental - cause and effect

Which research method is the only method that can establish cause effect - consider, that

Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation, 2, 7— Alongside information architecture and the systems of contents management, databases are a primordial element of what we consider wgich be a basic triad in the construction and administration of cybermedia. Each ToC also presents the expected methodd already occurred effects in the form of short-term outputs, medium-term outcomes and longer-term impacts. Smart choices for cities. Structure in the Cybermedia In the organisation of the elements of an editorial system of an online medium, we can distinguish three broad areas that represent different func - tions within the system and that have become indispensable in recent ye ars, inasmuch as the possibilities of the cybermedia are expanding, with an orientation towards the construction of informative communities that establish relations between the contents generated by journalists metyod users. The qualitative researcher suspends or hides his own beliefs, perspectives and predispositions.

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