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Normality and Mental Health: analysis of a multivalent relationship. Medellín, Colombia jjaramilloe ces. Medellín, Colombia drestrepo ces. Abnormxl Jaramillo, J. Journal of Psychology CES, 8 1 The categories pxychology and "Mental anormal are closely related. What is considered "mentally healthy" is linked with what is estimated as "normal" in every historical and cultural context.
This paper shows discussion teh the relationship between the categories "normality2 and "mental health" from the perspective of these four antithetical pairs and the psyychology of the theoretical and practical implications of each one of these perspectives. The World Health Organization WHO has recognized mental health as an essential aspect of welfare client centered approach in social work practice development of individuals, societies and countries World Health Organization, WHO defines mental health as "a state of welfare in which the individual realizes his own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able what is the biological model in abnormal psychology make a contribution to his community " What is the biological model in abnormal psychology, The ability of individuals and groups to interact with each what is the biological model in abnormal psychology and with the environment; psycholoty way to promote subjective well-being, development and optimal use of psychological potentialities, whether cognitive, emotional or relational.
Also, the achievement of individual and collective goals, according with justice and common welfare Republic of Colombia. Ministry of Health, July 13, More recently, the Colombian National Law of Mental Health Law, presents the following approach in relation to the definition of wgat health:. Mental health is defined as a dynamic state that is expressed in daily life through the behavior and interaction in such a way that allows individuals and collective subjects to display their emotional, cognitive and mental resources to transit through everyday life, to work, to establish meaningful relationships and to contribute to the community.
Mental health is of national interest and priority for the Republic of Colombia, it is a fundamental right, best mediterranean cuisine is a priority public health issue and an essential component of the general welfare and improvement ls the quality of life of Colombians Congress of Colombia, January 21,p. All these definitions of mental health, involve at least, three fundamental problems: the conceptual eclecticism, operational difficulties and equivalence classes definition in discrete mathematics gap between concepts and practice.
The eclectic conceptual refers to the moel of theoretical reference points at the moment of providing content to the central categories of each definition i. Since many of these categories have a counterpart in the world of common sense, the presentation of these definitions seem fairly clear and understandable; notwithstanding, to make a critical analysis of them, they will highlight significant inconsistencies, inaccuracies and gaps.
From thf eclecticism, a second problem arises: the operational difficulty. Different from the mental disorders, that following the precepts of the biomedical model, may be objectified and intervened within a certain margin of certainty, prediction and control using for them diagnostic manuals such as DSM and ICDthe definitions of psychokogy health developed from categories like "welfare" tje "abilities" are vague psyychology bring with them significant challenges to move from the conceptual and ideological level to the practical field of assessment and intervention.
Finally, and as a result of the above, there is a gap between the notion psychoology mental health - defined in "positive" terms - and the practices in the field of mental health, that usually concentrate on the area of risk and psycholoyy health. So, mental health has become in a socially acceptable what is the biological model in abnormal psychology to refer to research, policies, interventions and services that address mental illness. One of what is the biological model in abnormal psychology roots of this problematic situation is the notion of define the composition of atmosphere understood as whatt criterion of demarcation between what is considered "healthy" or "sick", "adapted" or "maladjusted", "welfare" or "discomfort".
The notion of normality is multivalent and what is the biological model in abnormal psychology, product of the socio-historical context in which it is conceptualized, and is anchored in the interests of different groups of power scientific, political, and economic Canguilhem, Consequently, the way "normality" is understood is a conceptual problem with serious ethical and political connotations that define -at great scale- the economic, social, educational and professional aspects of those who work in the mental health field, their roles, resources and social recognition Ardila, ; Eisenberg, ; Vergara Quintero, The ways in which "mental health" and "mental illness" have been understood has been closely tied to contextual conditions of each historical moment, so these conditions social, economic, cultural, political, religious, etc.
According to Guinsbergall cultures have an ideology of the deviation from which pyschology repressive management is justified according to some religious, social codes etc. For example, in the stories and histories of many Aboriginal communities are found a number of assumptions. They were understood and classified today as sick, from religious magical empty set transitive relation, for which the bizarre behavior was interpreted as an effect of possession - be it divine or devilish- or, in many cases, as the dialogue of higher entities who expressed through a chosen one Ardila, Thus, any behavior that transgressed the standards defined by the Church and then by the Holy Inquisition, was understood from the logic of sin and grace and, therefore, its treatment should be addressed by various purification strategies such as torture or fire Franz, ; Shorter, Finally, in cultures secularized -predominantly scientific- the social order is justified by the objectivity of the natural laws and in this case the deviation is associated with the disease Guinsberg, In the context of the nineteenth-century, at the time of the second industrial revolution, normality began to be linked with specific aspects of scientific logic.
Back in pshchology fifties, the perspective of normality found in neurotransmitters a promising alternative to explain the determinants of behavior, and with it, pharmacology as a strategy to correct its imbalances. The biological, now understood from this perspective became the model of normality that prevails in the conceptualization of what is meant by Mental Health Carrillo Ibarra, ; Villa Rodriguez, In this brief tracking, different historical conceptions of normality can be observed; whether they were linked to animistic, religious, biological -anatomic whay, psychic or biological, -neuro-biochemical- aspects.
Each one of them has determined what is defined as healthy or ill and, in themselves, the different social, cultural, political, economic, conceptual and applied alternatives that have intervened those who have entered the field of abnormality. Gómez, ; Gonzalez, The following four perspectives from which you can understand the relationship between "normality" and "mental health" are wjat. The concept of adjustment is closely biologiccal to reproduction, whether biological reproduction in yhe case of life sciences or social reproduction in the case of social and human abnorkal.
In other words, it is considered socially "adjusted" that who can play the social order. These adjustment criteria are of ideological, philosophical or religious nature, although often presented as scientific facts, and give rise to an ideal definition of mental health Guinsberg, According to the adjustment criterion of mental health, psgchology who deviate totally or partly from the established social norms, are not seen only as maladjusted, but as wnat ill Guinsberg, Adjustment is a non-disruptive operation, accepted by the community in which the life of the person passes.
In this sense, it is considered normal that who adjusts to the dominant rules, does not show serious problems and shat not give serious problems to others Jervis, Therefore, that who works more psychologh less well in the social sphere, that is, who works, produces, purchases his home, invests its resources in a profitable way, has a family with whom to spend the remainder of time after work, keeps good relations with neighbors and has no behaviors that create problems for the community where he lives, may be seen as appropriate and, in some way, be seen as a being with mental health.
Thus, nosotaxies are created which describe in detail the diagnostic criteria by which one can determine the existence of some kind of disease and consequently with it, the most appropriate treatment options to alleviate the disease. As is the medical logic behind this concept, it is understood that the causes of the disease mainly fall into some kind of biological or Neuro-biochemistry alteration, so it is expected that interventions can be made through standardized guidelines and protocols, objectively defined and with the fundamental support of psychopharmacology as basic treatment.
As Guinsberg states, the statistical criterion arises under the influence of social anthropology and breaks with the idea of a "model" of mental health because it is assumed that each town has various what is the meaning of my love in india appropriate to their concrete reality, and therefore "healthy" is defined by agreement with the behavior of most of what is the biological model in abnormal psychology population.
In this case, the rules are not philosophical or ideological, but statistical, that is, what is considered as abnormal is something that deviates giological the abnogmal statistical behavior or the general characteristics of a group Guinsberg, For a phenomenon to be considered "normal", biologkcal speaking, must meet four conditions: a degree of typological uniformity, a certain degree of us, a maximum and minimum variation and a certain correspondence between the phenomenon, the context in which it is manifested and the time of manifestation Pittaluga, This perspective is perhaps the most widespread among annormal entities responsible for defining and guiding policies on mental health at global and regional level, and allows approaching in an explanatory way to the mental situation of the great human conglomerates without being able to move directly their results and conclusions to individual cases.
What is the biological model in abnormal psychology this perspective, the defining psychologgy of mental health is the assessment that the subject makes of his life, either from a hedonic view seeking pleasure, avoidance of suffering or pscyhology realization of virtue. While welfare is what allows the subject to be a subjective experience of intrapersonal, waht, social and environmental integration, discomfort indicates a rupture of the subject with himself, with others or with some aspect of family life work, family, social, environmental that causes suffering or displeasure.
Since mental health refers to a psychological subjective and social welfare the interventions are not intended to supersede the symptoms neither to create an individual totally adjusted to the standards, but to build an individual happily integrated with himself, enthusiastic, efficient, productive, with initiative and imagination, spontaneous, calm and free. Jervis, This alternative responds to an ideographic, subjective perspective, which cannot be universal or objectified and that forces contextual readings through which one tries to understand, from the point of view of the actors, their subjective experience of comfort or discomfort.
As can be seen, it is not possible to think of an unambiguous relationship between normality and mental health, since in this way, they are generically referencing these concepts obey a vague logic Calventus, ; Munné,with multiple meanings determined by factors that are of contextual, historical, political, economic and cultural nature. They also include very different anthropological and epistemological elements, and thus conceptual possibilities and radically different intervention.
Therefore, the mental health interventions will aim to achieve the adaptation of the individual to the reference group through psycholoby strategies or of restrictive type what is the biological model in abnormal psychology defined and recognized as valid by the group. From this perspective, the intervention in pursuit of mental health should be based on a diagnosis based biloogical nosotaxies and subsequent application of mosel guidelines, defined for each of the disorders, seeking what is the biological model in abnormal psychology disease through biomedical devices.
This perspective has been widely what is the biological model in abnormal psychology from a utilitarian view of public action, becoming a key factor in the plans, policies and projects that focus their action on mental health. For these reasons, it is only psychlogy to tell if someone "has" mental health or not according to the reference that the same person makes of their subjective experience.
In this manner, that who has mental health concerns who is referred psychokogy, framing their assumptions within contextual readings that go deeply into the subjective in inter-subjective relationship frames. Thus, one abnornal different notions of what a mentally healthy or sick man or woman is, as the antithetical pair from which it is read, with the criterion of demarcation, the context, statistics, the scientific community or the subjective experience.
Each, in turn, involves several reference frameworks: social, mathematical, scientific or hermeneutical. A lo anterior se suma la necesidad de una reflexión crítica sobre los intereses ligados a cada una de estas nociones de normalidad y su función en términos de control social. Tabla 1. Relación entre las categorías de normalidad y salud mental. In response to agnormal, a rigorous approach to the notion of normality, both at epistemological and anthropological level is necessary to clarify the discourses and practices on mental health in the scientific, professional and political fields.
To what exposed is added the need for a critical reflection on the interests linked to each of these notions of normality whaat their role osychology terms of social control. Ardila, Whaat. La psicología biologgical Colombia. Interamerican Journal Of Psychology, 1, - Psychology in Latin America. Berlinguer, G.
Buenos Aires: Lugar Editorial. Calventus, J. La lógica borrosa como aporte a una nueva epistemología en ciencias sociales: una aproximación conceptual. Revista Psicología, 1 2 Canguilhem, G. Lo normal y lo patológico. Escritos sobre la medicina. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu. Carrillo Ibarra, J. La evolución del pensamiento científico, la medicina y las funciones mentales.
Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia, 9 1 Casullo, M. Evaluación del bienestar psicológico en estudiantes adolescentes argentinos. Revista de Psicología, 18, Congreso de Colombia. Ley por medio de la cual se expide la ley de Salud Mental y se dictan otras disposiciones. Eisenberg, L. Disease and illness. Distinctions between professional and popular ideas of sickness. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 1 1 Fierro, A.
Salud comporta mental: un modelo conceptual. Revista de Psicología General Y Aplicada, 53,
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