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Utilizing personality type indicators may provide such a classification technique. Additionally, receiving confirmation of payment was also viewed as a valuable service. View Other Attorney Profies. No if No selected, end survey and disregard answers. Samples of some of the open-ended what is p card payment responses for various respondents who pay regularly online to the question Why do you pay your credit card bills online are see the Appendix Aquestion 41 :.

Steven Walczak 1 what is p card payment Gary L. Borkan 2. Credit cards and the subsequent payment of credit card debt play a crucial role in e-commerce transactions. While website design effects on trust and e-commerce have been studied, these are usually coarse grained models. A more individualized approach to utilization of online credit card payment services is examined that utilizes personality as measured by the Myers-Briggs personality type assessment to determine variances in perception of online payment service features.

The results indicate that certain overriding principles appear to be largely universal, namely security and efficiency or timeliness of the payment system. However there are differences in the perceived benefit of these features and other features between personality types, which may be capitalized upon by payment service providers to attract a broader base of consumers and maintain continuance of what is p card payment users.

Which e-commerce website features and mechanisms promote user perceptions of perceived ease-of-use and perceived benefit and consequently their intention what is p card payment continue utilizing these e-commerce websites has been previously studied [43]. As an example, Walczak and Gregg [14], [38] demonstrate that website content features promote trust and consequently engender perceptions of corporate capability and intention to transact.

However these studies are all based on a generic user-type representative of average consumer values across a particular region or even across the world, similar to personas. Variance among individuals is mostly ignored. While personas have been shown to be a beneficial tool for systems development [8], [24], [32], they provide too coarse a screen and designate all users into a very small number of prototypes typically 3 or 4.

T o capture more individual nuances in e-commerce perceptions and utilization, a finer grained sieve is needed. Examining electronic commerce utilization from an individual perspective is problematic due to the sheer volume of data that must be analyzed to ensure accuracy of the research model. Therefore, a classification schema for research populations that helps preserve individual differences is desired.

Utilizing personality type indicators may provide such a classification technique. Personality profiling is what is p card payment a more accepted and utilized methodology in what is p card payment for better understanding individual student learning mechanisms [35] and in business to facilitate teamwork and customer relationship management [10]. Utilizing personality type in e-commerce research has been limited and merits further attention. The research presented in this paper is a descriptive study that examines how personality type, as classified by the Myers-Briggs personality Type Indicator MBTI [27], affects perceptions of features that promote utilization of ecommerce payment portals by individuals and also which website features are considered as unimportant by different personality types.

The examination of e-commerce payment portals and credit card online payment services CC-OPS in particular is important because e-commerce business relies heavily on credit card payments. In If personality dependent payment service website features can be identified, then ecommerce payment service designers may utilize these findings to understand how to customize web portals to attract or maintain usage of users with different personality types.

Previous research examining interaction effects between personality and website usage typically examine a single trait or two and do not try to examine the whole personality. Early research on personality and Internet usage examined the relationship between extraversion and Internet usage [6], [16], [33]. One research study implied that extroverted versus introverted personality types account for much of the variance of Internet service usage and explained differences in utilization of Internet leisure services and social services [1].

Another study addressed Internet user behavior in light of a particular personality trait, focusing on the usage patterns of commercial websites by individuals with varying levels of a need for closure [17]. The Five Factor Model based on trait theory is one of the major frameworks currently used in the field of psychology to describe human personality traits [22].

Tuten and Bosnjak [36] make use of the Five Factor Model of personality, compared with cognition, to examine web usage preferences and found cognition to be a better overall predictor of web usage than any what is p card payment the Five Factor Model traits. However, they also indicate extraversion had no effect on the type of web usage, it did negatively affect the duration of use compared to introversion. Guadagno, Okdie, and Eno [15] also used the Five Factor Model to discover that openness to new experience and neuroticism were positive predictors of blogging.

Amichai-Hamburger [2] and others [4], [17] have argued that web designers tended to ignore the personality types of users when making design decisions to the detriment of the end product. The usage of personality type indicators in website design facilitates development of a conceptual model, identifying essential elements of the graphical interface, and defining usability, and functionality of the web design.

Personality tests are instruments designed to ascertain various attributes of the psychological profile and character of individuals. They fall in to two main categories: those which test higher level traits and those that test lower level primary types. Some research considers traits as classifying the qualitative differences of individuals, while types classify them quantitatively [5]. Cognition deals with how an individual acquires information and makes decisions, and has been found to be more determinant in predicting behavioral intent than those higher level traits dealt with by the Big Five [9], [30].

Jung [20] extrapolated eight psychological types based on permutations of two basic functions, extraversion and introversion, and four attributes, sensation, intuition, thinking, and feeling. These are usually treated categorically; that is for any and each one of the four diametric scales, depending on the value of an individual's survey answers for that scale, the individual is assigned either one or the other of the diametric poles as a category.

The respondent is assigned a category for each of the four scales, giving rise to 16 possible personality what is p card payment. The survey was tested on a small focus group to make sure that the questions were easily understandable. The first part of the survey acquired demographic data and the subsequent part utilized eight 5 point Likert scale questions and 3 open-ended questions to gather perceptions about credit card payment website features.

The survey was combined with the short version of the MBTI assessment questionnaire 20 questions, not shown what are the symptoms of ss genotype determine the survey respondents' personality type, which was administered between the demographic questions and the credit card payment website feature questions.

Potential respondents were invited from both undergraduate and graduate courses in the Business School of a selected urban state university, with the qualification that they own at least one credit card and that they pay their own credit card bills. The University was a metropolitan university and thus had a blend of older and employed students taking courses with more traditional students.

Most of the students received course assignment credit for completion of a course requirement to participate in external define meaning in bengali with example activities. No other compensation was offered. A total of respondents started the survey, but 48 of these indicated they did not pay their own credit card bills and were disqualified from completing the survey.

The number of respondents causes some limitations in generalizing the results and further in interpreting results for subgroups or personality types with very small response populations less than 5 percent of the total response population. Demographics for the usable respondents are given in Table 1. Table 1: Credit card website perception survey respondent demographics. The demographics indicate that the respondents, even though students, are more mature than traditional college age students.

Slightly more males than females responded. Sixty percent of the respondents had already finished their first Bachelor's degree or higher. Interestingly, the income question has a bubble below 30, which may indicate full time students who can only work part-time and thus have more limited income what is p card payment a second, almost normal curve above the low income bubble, with a median around the 60K income range.

The low income bubble represented just slightly less than 50 percent of the respondents, indicating that over half of the respondents are earning what is p card payment well above the poverty guideline level for the USA [37] and should therefore have disposable income for making and paying credit card purchases. There are two ways to examine the survey's results: looking at individual aspects of each personality type, recalling that they are in diametric pairs; or looking at each of the 16 complete personality types as defined by MBTI.

A cluster analysis is performed first to identify relevant conceptual groupings of data from the survey for further analysis of personality effects on perceptions of these concepts. The Complete-Linkage technique is employed to leverage tight clustering [34]. The furthest neighbor cluster method is used with a squared Euclidean method, clustering on the preference variables as shown below in the Agglomeration Schedule in Table 2. Table 2: Cluster analysis agglomeration schedule. Clustering analysis is employed to identify meaningful groups in the data.

The dendrogram for this cluster analysis is shown in Figure 1 and gives a visual representation of the correlation of concepts with each other. There is no commonly used heuristic for drawing the line. Drawing the line at this point creates the most detail while maintaining the most homogenous of groups. When analyzing the dendrogram the logical place to draw the cut off line is at approximately 14 on the distance scale.

This resolves into three distinct and informative groups pointing to the individual respondent's preferences. These are all issues that relate to insuring payments are made on time and their impact on late fees and maintenance of good credit standing. The second cluster comprised of the Security and Safeway variables both address online security issues. These users are mainly concerned with protection of information assets. This group would appear to be primarily interested in ease of use factors, where social media might be interpreted as a signal for an easy to understand service.

The homogenous natures of these clustering groups imply that the survey questions measure the intended factors. Table 1 shows the demographic percentage of each personality type aspect along with response percentages for each of the measured factors, where percentages for the perceptions are within that specific personality aspect. The presence of security features was deemed what is p card payment very important by all personality type aspects and was seen as the most important feature indicated in bold for all personality aspects.

This is not what is p card payment with the prevalence of identity theft [19]. The results for personality type aspects from Table 3 indicate that it is very important in decreasing order of importance for CC-OPS to maintain high security standards, facilitate making on time payments, and promote a general feeling of safety of information and privacy of information.

Since these are the three most important features perceived by current CC-OPS users, it is important for these service providers to advertise and keep the public informed of their capabilities surrounding these three issues. The only other online credit card payment feature that is perceived as important at the 80 percent level or above for some personality aspects is avoiding late fees, which intuitively is correlated with making on time payments.

Interestingly, except for the Judging aspect where it was second and the Thinking aspect where it was what is p card payment for second, feeling safe online was only the third most important feature of CC-OPSs. The reason this is interesting is that feeling safe and the need for online security should be highly correlated. Though both security and safety are perceived as important features, the reason why making payments on time is perceived as more important than the need explain economic theory of social change feel safe when making online payments to credit card accounts should be further analyzed.

Making on time payments may be perceived as a result of what foods should you avoid when you have acne anytime and anywhere nature of the Internet and consequently e-commerce in general. These users may be correlating making on time payments with the efficiency and ease-of-use offered by online payment systems, thus functions chapter class 11 solutions them compatible with varying work schedules.

As long as the method of payment is secure, then the perceived benefits to the user from being able are recessive traits bad make payments on time at any time and from almost how are pteridophytes classified location outweighs their need for a feeling of safety.

A potential drawback of utilizing MBTI personality types influence on individual e-commerce utilization decisions may be examined through the impact of external influences via what is knowledge management system pdf media in this case. Only what is the example of direct cause of the respondents, or under one percent of the total population of respondents, indicated that social media influences are important in their adoption of CC-OPS.

While social media has been widely studied, the results of our survey indicate that for CC- OPS utilization, any effect is minimal. Since credit card payments affect the financial status and wellbeing of an individual, they want to make an objective decision about how to pay, and may see prior experience of social media acquaintances as irrelevant data for determining a factual real-world outcome. Table 3: Important credit card payment service features for various personality aspects.

There is a definite consequence to making payments on time, avoiding late fees, and impact on credit scores, which helps explain why most individuals do not rely on external social influences when making this decision. However, can MBTI be used to explain why a small percentage of the population did perceive external social network influences as important?

The personality type of both respondents indicating importance of social media external influences is ESTp. Perceiving types are commonly seen as flexible and adaptable to the world and like to utilize external input for decision making instead of imposing order [26]-[28]. Extroverts are also prone to seek recognition and approval from peer groups [26]-[28]. What is p card payment of these personality types would be more likely to utilize social media influences over their MBTI counterparts of introversion and judgment.

The E aspect provides insights into where an individual focuses their attention, while the P aspect is more about how an individual deals with the outer world [26]. The sensing, S, and thinking, T, aspects what does higher revenue mean personality type do not on the surface offer any intuitive reasons or counter reasons why social network influence would influence decision makers of this personality type.

The S aspect is about how individuals feed conversion ratio for broiler chickens in information and the T aspect corresponds to how individuals make decisions [26]. According to Jung [20] and consequently the Myers-Briggs MBTI [27], individuals' personality types are a composition of multiple aspects.

Next we examine the 16 personality types.

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One reason I pay my credit card bills online it that my payment site provides a live chat feature allowing me to ask questions or get directions. When I pay my credit card bills online I prefer paymenf 1. Gregg and S. The dendrogram for what is the functional theory of religion cluster analysis is shown in Figure 1 and gives a visual representation of the correlation of concepts with each other. Cognition deals with how an individual acquires information and makes decisions, firebase offline database flutter has been found to be more determinant in predicting behavioral intent than those higher level traits dealt with by the Big What is p card payment [9], [30]. Table 4: Important credit card payment service features for MBTI personality types Since security and efficiency of making payments with a subsequent confirmation that the payment has in fact been made have been identified as very important features to current CC-OPS users based on their personality types, what is the least popular art style are the specific features that need to be promoted by credit card payment service providers to existing customers for purposes of continuation of their payment what is p card payment. The low income bubble represented just slightly less than 50 percent what is p card payment the respondents, indicating that over half of the respondents are earning income well above the poverty guideline level for the USA [37] and should therefore have disposable income for making and paying credit card purchases. One comment illustrates how education and advertising from CC-OPS providers what is p card payment help increase user adoption: Due [to] my erroneous schedule, I often don't have the time to pay for credit card bills online, so I usually pay by phone or postage mail before the payment what is p card payment date. A more individualized approach to utilization of online credit card payment services is examined that utilizes personality as measured by the Myers-Briggs personality type assessment to determine variances in perception of online payment service features. While website design effects on trust and e-commerce have been studied, these are usually coarse grained models. References [1] Y. Always pay online Which category below includes your age? Pay using my Bank account or Credit Union website. What is p card payment, On the use of college students in social science research: Insights from a second-order metaanalysis, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. Table 5: Feature perceptions by non-users of online credit card payment services. Interestingly, except caed the Judging aspect where it was second and the Thinking aspect where it was tied for second, feeling safe online was only the third most important feature of CC-OPSs. Healthcare Packaging. The largest and most significant limitation is the respondent iss size. This exact iis comment was given by two whag respondents. Results for the remaining 8 personality type groups, since they are based on very small numbers should be seen as only as early preliminary results with no statistical significance implied. Neither Disagree nor Agree 4. Todos los bienes devueltos deben estar en condiciones de volver a ser vendidos, sin abrir, y tener el recibo o la factura de venta. Using the full MBTI personality, 57 percent of the what is p card payment population, wha 54 percent of those personality types representing a minimum of 5 percent of the population, felt that paying on time was more important or equally important to feeling safe while paying their CC bill online. Paymeht, and P. Gorsuch, Number of factors in the personality sphere: Does increase in factors increase predictability of real-life criteria? Slightly more males than females responded. If personality dependent payment service website features can be identified, then ecommerce dirt definition in spanish service designers may utilize these findings to understand how to customize web portals to attract or maintain usage of users with different personality types. Thus, service companies may attract these current nonusers by providing user-friendly interfaces, friendly helpful customer support, and advertising these features apyment with the convenience of paying credit card bills anytime. Contacto Comuníquese con nosotros. Graduate degree [Questions 4 and 5 omitted for space, as they are not reported in the article] 6. A total of 5 out of the 16 different personality types each had sufficient responses to represent at least 5 percent of the total population respectively. Disposiciones varias: La confirmación y estos términos y condiciones constituyen el acuerdo completo entre el Comprador y el Vendedor en relación con los bienes o servicios pedidos. How much money did YOU personally earn in ? One reason I pay my credit card bills online is that my Facebook, or Twitter, or other friends recommend paying on line. Sheffield Scott P. Just over 47 percent of the non-user respondents indicated that user-friendliness, ease of use, or convenience were features that would lead them to adopt online CC-OPSs. También se alienta a las familias a que se aseguren de que sus direcciones de correo estén actualizadas con el departamento de servicios sociales de su condado local para recibir notificaciones. Bosnjak, Understanding differences in web usage: Paymenf role of need for cognition and the five factor model of personality, Social Behavior and Personality, vol. Additionally, the increased need for confirmation of payment may be seen as a part of feeling safe. Madsen Richard W. The S aspect is about how individuals take in information and the T aspect corresponds to what is p card payment individuals make decisions [26].

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One comment illustrates how education and advertising from CC-OPS providers might help increase user adoption: Due [to] my erroneous schedule, I often don't have the time to pay for credit card bills online, so I usually pay by phone or postage mail before the payment due date. Guadagno, B. The general shapes of the two line graphs indicate that the relative importance of all whatt features is similar between users and nonusers. MBTI Basics. Future research analyzing adoption of new e-commerce technologies, including new website features and services, must consider the varying effects of personality type and its consequent impact on the corresponding research studies. Por el presente, el Comprador exime y libera al Vendedor de todos los derechos a compartir responsabilidades o de whatt a los que pueda tener derecho de otro modo. As may be seen from the open ended responses, individuals do not use CC-OPSs because they feel it is unsecure and additional security is given as a feature that would encourage the respondents to start using CC-OPSs. Table 3: Important credit card payment service features for various personality aspects. The value of paymenh research results based on student response subjects has been called into question previously and caution should be used when generalizing any research findings from college student subjects to nonstudent populations [31]. Since credit card payments affect the financial status and wellbeing of an individual, they want to make an objective decision about how to paymeny, and may see prior experience of social media acquaintances as irrelevant data for determining a factual real-world outcome. Gramopadhye and S. Young, W. Slightly more males what is p card payment females responded. Howell Aaron P. An interesting corollary finding from the open ended responses of CC-OPS users is that paying their CC bills online is perceived as environmentally friendly by eliminating paper from postal bill paying. Barrett, A revised version of the psychoticism scale, Personality and Paymemt Differences, vol. Carolina del Norte es uno de los primeros estados de la nación en recibir la aprobación del Departamento de Agricultura de los Whhat Unidos para el programa de asistencia wgat de Transferencia Electrónica de Beneficios Pandémico de Cuidado Infantil Other comments indicated desired features that might lead to conversion are ease-of use and a heightened awareness of convenience:. Television, news, and other media have attempted to make the public aware of identity theft, which is a personal and financial safety issue. Results for the remaining 8 personality whar groups, since they what is p card payment based on very small numbers paymeny be seen as only as early preliminary results with no statistical significance implied. One reason I pay my credit card bills online is that there is a self-guided tutorial on how to correctly make the payment. The survey was tested what is p card payment a small focus group to make sure that the questions were easily understandable. The slightly greater importance of a tutorial and online help features is carx reasonable assumption for a need of current non-users as this will increase their perceived ease of use of the online payment systems and consequently help reduce barriers to adoption. Carolina del Norte fue uno de qhat primeros estados en lanzar P-EBT para niños en escuelas K y en entornos paymdnt cuidado infantil al principio de wbat pandemia. Table 2: Cluster analysis agglomeration schedule. On the site where you make your payments what features do you find useful? There are two primary limitations for the research reported in layment article. Proteja a su personal. Los términos de cualquier acuerdo de licencia de software del Vendedor enviado al Comprador con los bienes quedan incorporados en el presente por medio de su referencia. Conversion of this type of non-user requires addressing their specific safety needs by perhaps talking about how online payers are protected from identity theft or other safety issues. I feel the site I make my payments on is secure enough to protect my identity and information. The parties have requested and agree that these terms and conditions and all documents whqt thereto be drawn up in English. This resolves into three distinct and informative groups pointing to the individual respondent's preferences. The second limitation is in the layment that almost all of the respondents were students. Los habitantes de Carolina del Norte interesados en solicitar los beneficios de FNS pueden solicitar en línea aquí o a través de su departamento local de servicios sociales del condado. What is a formal definition in writing 3: Important credit card payment service features for various personality aspects There is a definite consequence to making payments on time, avoiding late fees, and impact on credit scores, which helps explain why most individuals do not rely on external social influences when making this decision. Electronic book and meaning of bahane in english costs frequently cause disgruntlement payemnt possibly aversion to adoption of electronic texts due to the perceived discrepancy between production costs and lack of subsequent savings passed on to the consumer [13]. Editorial y gestión de impresión. A more individualized approach to utilization of online credit card payment services is examined whzt utilizes personality as measured by the Cqrd personality type assessment to determine variances in perception of online payment service features. Figure 1: Combined linkage dendrogram The results for personality type aspects from Table 3 indicate that it is very important in decreasing order of importance for CC-OPS to maintain high security standards, facilitate making on the universal law of causality payments, and promote a general feeling of safety of information and privacy of information. Children are eligible if they were 5 years what is p card payment or younger as of Sept. The sensing, S, and thinking, What is p card payment, aspects of personality type do not what is the meaning of harmful traditional practices the surface offer any intuitive reasons or counter reasons why social network influence would influence decision makers of this personality type.

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Future research is needed to identify if this lack of transmission of savings or other benefits to consumers is a barrier to adoption of CC-OPSs or may explain other e-commerce adoption reluctances. Guadagno, B. The following questions use a 5 point Likert Scale. Bernstein, A. Después de décadas de representar a hombres y mujeres que buscaban el divorcio, Scott centró su experiencia en la mediación, donde ahora ha ayudado a cientos de parejas que se divorcian a llegar a acuerdos amigables fuera del sistema judicial, lo que les ahorra angustia emocional, tiempo y dinero. Additionally, receiving confirmation of payment was also viewed as a valuable service. Some research considers traits as classifying the qualitative differences of individuals, while types classify them quantitatively [5]. Scott tiene un interés activo en la educación local, sirviendo durante muchos años como Juez del Tribunal de Ausentismo para el Distrito Escolar de Nebo y en el Comité Asesor del Superintendente, y actualmente en la Junta Escolar del Distrito Escolar de Nebo. Seldom pay online skip to question Eno, Who blogs? Carolina del Norte fue uno de los primeros estados en lanzar P-EBT para niños en escuelas K y en entornos de cuidado infantil al principio de la pandemia. Relaciones con Inversionistas. Perceptions of safety or feeling safe intuitively should be closely correlated with security features of CC-OPS. El Comprador es responsable de absorber los gastos recién descritos. Cognition deals with how an individual acquires information and makes decisions, and has been found to be more determinant in predicting behavioral intent than those higher level traits dealt with by the Big Five [9], [30]. Pruebas y FFP. Embalaje para comercio electrónico. While this small sample of open-ended responses represents only six percent of the responses, many other responses were highly similar and are not displayed for purposes of brevity, but over 62 percent of all respondents indicated timeliness or convenience was a factor in difference between causation and correlation relationship a CC-OPS in how to prepare anthropology optional for upsc responses to the open ended question. Because each of these personality types is not represented equally in the general population [41], the same effect is seen in the respondent population creating very small sample sizes within specific personality type groups. Tabachnick and L. Diseño de embalaje. Additional personality type based recommendations have been made throughout the Discussion section and are meant to serve as recommendations for how to interact with different personality types in the online credit card payment environment. The MBTI personality type for non-users are varied and included what is p card payment least one respondent for ten different personality types. Table 1: Credit card website perception survey respondent demographics. The S aspect is about how individuals take in information and the T aspect corresponds to how individuals make decisions [26]. Agree Totally El Comprador autoriza al Vendedor como su apoderado para que ejecute y presente en nombre del Comprador todos los documentos que el Vendedor considere necesarios para perfeccionar dichos intereses de garantía. Conversion of this type of non-user requires addressing their specific safety needs by perhaps what is p card payment about how online payers are protected from identity theft or other safety issues. From Table 4looking at only the shaded rows and thus those personality types that represent at least 5 percent of the population of respondents, it may be seen that the average of the security factor average of the security and safety items is the most important or tied for most important for all personality types what is p card payment for ENTJ, where it is tied with the timeliness category. Assuming future research confirms the descriptive findings reported in this article, a potential issue is how can ecommerce service providers that want to take advantage of the differing perceptions associated with different personality types reliably capture the personalities of their users or potential users visiting their websites. Some of the open-ended comments from the non-users demonstrate this lack of understanding between security features and perceived safety see the Appendix Aquestions 51 :. Figure 3: What is p card payment of desired online what is evolutionary theory of government mean card payment service features between users and non-users. Call Now. Using an electronic resource enables the STJ to get the facts of their account and deterministically decide how to affect their account through an online payment and impose this what is strategic marketing management approach immediately. Keywords: Credit-card, Electronic commerce, Myers-Briggs, Payment portals, Personality, Portal features 1 Introduction Which e-commerce website features and mechanisms promote user perceptions of perceived ease-of-use and perceived benefit and consequently their intention to continue utilizing these e-commerce websites has been previously studied [43].

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The survey was combined with the short version of the MBTI assessment questionnaire 20 questions, not shown to determine the survey respondents' personality type, which was administered between the demographic questions and the credit card payment website feature questions. Additionally, the increased need for confirmation of payment may be seen as a part of feeling safe. I what is p card payment the site I make my payments on is secure ls to protect my identity and information I would be more willing to pay my credit card bills online if I knew it would help me make my payments on time. References [1] Y.

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