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Metameris, Cristian R. Ligand-independent oligomerization of TACI is controlled by the transmembrane domain and regulates proliferation of activated B cells Journal Article. In: Cell Reports, vol. Abstract Links BibTeX. Pernía-Andrade, Alejandro J. In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. A framework for studying behavioral evolution by reconstructing ancestral repertoires Journal Article. In: eLife, vol. In: Journal of Neurophysiology, vol. Functional diversity for body actions in the mesencephalic locomotor region Journal Article.
In: Neural Computation, vol. Perceptual spaces and whar symmetries: The geometry of color metamdrism Journal Article. In: Mathematical Neuroscience and Applications, vol. Dominguez, Federico D. Decoherence scaling transition in the dynamics of quantum information scrambling Journal Article. In: Physical Review A, vol. In: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, vol.
Links BibTeX. In: Movement Disorders, Non-invasive quantitative imaging of selective microstructure-sizes via magnetic resonance Journal Article. In: Physical Review Applied, vol. In: Revista Argentina de Cardiología, Forthcoming. CardIAc: an open-source application for myocardial strain analysis Journal Article. Precision limits of tissue microstructure characterization by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Journal Article.
Left ventricle segmentation using a Bayesian approach with distance dependent shape priors Journal Article. Bifurcation structure determines different phase-amplitude coupling patterns in the activity of biologically plausible neural networks Journal Article. In: Neuroimage, vol. In: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. Residues A and C are located on distinct sides of the transmembrane helix, which is predicted by molecular modeling to spontaneously assemble into trimers and dimers.
These results identify the transmembrane metmaerism of TACI as an active interface for TACI multimerization in signal transduction, in particular for ligand-independent signals. These functions are perturbed by CVID-associated mutations. In mature B cells, TACI controls class-switch recombination and differentiation into plasma cells during T cell-independent antibody responses. These behaviors include dynamic transitions between initiation, maintenance and termination of locomotion.
Advances within the last decade have revealed an intricate coordination of these individual our love is not perfect quotes phases by complex interaction of multiple brain circuits. This review provides an overview of the neural basis of state-dependent modulation of locomotion initiation, maintenance and termination, with a focus on insights from circuit-centered studies in rodents. The reviewed evidence indicates that a brain-wide network involving excitatory circuit elements what is metamerism in biology class 11 cortex, midbrain and medullary areas metamdrism to be the common substrate for the initiation of locomotion across different higher-order states.
Specific network elements within motor cortex and the mesencephalic locomotor region drive the initial postural adjustment and the initiation of locomotion. Microcircuits of the basal ganglia, by implementing action-selection computations, trigger goal-directed locomotion. The initiation of locomotion is regulated by neuromodulatory circuits residing in the basal forebrain, the hypothalamus, and medullary regions such as locus coeruleus.
The maintenance of locomotion requires the interaction of an even larger neuronal network involving motor, sensory and associative cortical elements, as well as defined circuits within the superior colliculus, the cerebellum, the periaqueductal gray, the mesencephalic locomotor region and the medullary reticular formation. Finally, locomotor arrest as an important component of defensive whhat states, such as acute anxiety, is mediated via a network of survival circuits involving hypothalamus, amygdala, periaqueductal gray and medullary premotor centers.
By moving beyond the organizational principle of functional brain regions, this review promotes a circuit-centered perspective of locomotor regulation by higher-order states, and emphasizes the importance of individual network elements such as cell types and projection pathways. The realization that dysfunction within smaller, identifiable circuit elements can affect the larger network function supports more mechanistic and targeted therapeutic intervention in the treatment of motor network disorders.
Brain-wide neural circuits enable bi- and quadrupeds to express adaptive locomotor behaviors in a context- whqt state-dependent manner, e. Here, we propose a giology framework to simultaneously study the evolution of many behaviors. We measured the behavioral repertoire of individuals from six species of fruit flies using unsupervised techniques and identified all stereotyped what is metamerism in biology class 11 exhibited by each species.
We then fit a Generalized Linear Mixed Model to estimate the intra- and inter-species behavioral covariances, and, by using the known phylogenetic relationships among species, we estimated the unobserved behaviors exhibited by ancestral species. We then propose a method to identify groups of behaviors that appear to have evolved in a correlated manner, illustrating how sets of behaviors, rather than individual behaviors, likely evolved.
Our approach provides a new framework for identifying co-evolving behaviors and may provide new opportunities to study the mechanistic basis of behavioral evolution. Although different animal species often exhibit extensive variation in many behaviors, typically scientists examine one or a small number of behaviors in any single study. These membrane potential oscillations depend on the synaptic interactions of TC neurons and their intrinsic electrical properties.
These oscillations may be also shaped by increased output responses at a preferred frequency, known as intrinsic neuronal resonance. Here we combine electrophysiological recordings in mouse brain slices, modern pharmacological tools, dynamic clamp and computational modeling to study what is metamerism in biology class 11 ionic mechanisms that generate and modulate TC neuron resonance. We confirm findings of pioneering studies showing that most TC neurons display resonance which results from the interaction of the slow inactivation of the low threshold calcium current IT with the passive properties of the membrane.
We also show that the hyperpolarization activated cationic current Ih is not involved in the generation of resonance, instead, it plays a minor role in the stabilization metajerism TC neuron impedance magnitude due to its large ie to the steady conductance. More importantly, we also demonstrate that TC neuron resonance is amplified by the inward rectifier potassium current IKir by a mechanism that hinges on its strong voltage dependent inward rectification i. Results presented here points to IKir as a new potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Membrane potential oscillations of thalamocortical TC neurons are ie to wat involved in the generation and maintenance of brain rhythms that underlie global physiological and pathological brain states. Here, we reveal the existence of functionally diverse neuronal populations with distinct roles in control of body movements. We identify two spatially intermingled glutamatergic populations separable by axonal projections, mouse genetics, neuronal activity profiles, and motor functions.
Most spinally projecting Metajerism neurons encoded the full-body behavior rearing. Loss- and gain-of-function optogenetic perturbation experiments establish a function for these neurons in controlling body extension. In contrast, Rbp4-transgene-positive MLR neurons project in an ascending direction to basal ganglia, preferentially encode the forelimb behaviors handling and grooming, and exhibit a role in modulating movement.
Thus, the What is metamerism in biology class 11 contains glutamatergic neuronal subpopulations stratified by projection target exhibiting roles in action control not restricted to locomotion. Summary The mesencephalic locomotor region MLR is a key midbrain center with roles in locomotion. This drastic reduction in dimensionality gives rise to metamerism, that is, the perceptual chromatic equivalence between two different light spectra.
The classes of equivalence of metamerism are revealed by color-matching experiments in which observers adjust the intensity of three monochromatic light beams of three preset wavelengths the what is metamerism in biology class 11 to produce a mixture that is perceptually equal to a given monochromatic target stimulus. Here we use the linear relation between the color matching functions and the absorption probabilities of each type of cone to find particularly useful triplets of primaries.
As a second goal, we also derive an analytical description of the trial-to-trial variability and the correlations of color matching functions stemming from Poissonian noise in photon capture. We analyze how the statistical properties of the responses to color-matching experiments vary with the retinal composition and the wavelengths of peak absorption probability, and compare them with experimental data on subject-to-subject variability obtained previously.
In trichromats, color vision entails the projection of coass infinite-dimensional space the one containing all possible electromagnetic power spectra onto the three-dimensional space that modulates the activity of the three types of im. We are meaning of conversion relation with an intuitive notion of similarity between percepts, that need not reflect the proximity of the physical properties of the corresponding external stimuli.
The quantitative characterization of the geometry of percepts is therefore an endeavour that must be accomplished behaviorally. Here we characterized the geometry of color space using discrimination and matching experiments. We proposed an individually tailored metric defined in terms of the minimal chromatic difference required for each observer to differentiate a stimulus from its surround. Next, we showed that this perceptual metric was particularly adequate to describe two additional experiments, since it revealed the natural symmetry of perceptual computations.
In one of the experiments, observers were required to discriminate first 2 weeks of dating stimuli surrounded by a chromaticity that differed from that of the tested stimuli. In the perceptual coordinates, the change in discrimination thresholds induced by the surround followed a simple law that only depended what is p&c insurance industry the perceptual distance between the surround and each of the two compared stimuli.
In the other experiment, subjects were asked to match the color of two stimuli surrounded by two different chromaticities. Again, in the perceptual coordinates the induction effect produced by surrounds followed a simple, symmetric law. We conclude that the individually-tailored notion of perceptual distance metsmerism the symmetry of the laws governing perceptual computations. Our sensory systems transform external signals into neural activity, thereby producing percepts.
This is a highly challenging task because the fragility of quantum states to external perturbations increases with the system size. Here, we report on a series of experimental quantum simulations that quantify the sensitivity of a controlled Hamiltonian evolution to perturbations that drive the system away from the targeted evolution. This resilient quantum feature of the controlled dynamics of quantum information is promising for reliable control of large quantum systems.
Reliable processing of quantum information for developing quantum technologies requires precise control of out-of-equilibrium many-body systems. In severe PD, dyskinesia and motor fluctuations become seriously debilitating, and the therapeutic strategies become scarce. Given that the systemic administration of anticholinergics can exacerbate extrastriatal-related symptoms, targeting cholinergic interneurons is a promising what is metamerism in biology class 11 alternative.
Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms causing pathological cholinergic interneuron activity in severe PD with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia may provide new molecular therapeutic targets. Methods We used ex vivo electrophysiological recordings combined with pharmacological and morphological studies to investigate what is a voluntary position intrinsic alterations of cholinergic interneurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of PD metamefism with levodopa.
Dysregulation of membrane classs channels that results in increased inward-rectifier potassium what is metamerism in biology class 11 2 Kir2 and decreased leak currents causes the burst pause activity, which can be dampened by pharmacological inhibition of intracellular cAMP. A single challenge with a dyskinetogenic dose of levodopa is sufficient to induce persistent cholinergic interneuron burst-pause firing.
Conclusion Our data unravel a mechanism causing aberrant cholinergic interneuron burst-pause activity in parkinsonian mice treated with levodopa. Targeting D5-cAMP signaling and the regulation of Kir2 and leak channels may alleviate parkinsonism and dyskinesia by restoring normal cholinergic interneuron function. What is metamerism in biology class 11 Enhanced striatal cholinergic interneuron activity contributes to the striatal hypercholinergic state in Parkinson's disease PD and to levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
Sica and Cristian R. The oligomeric properties of ligands, both membrane bound and soluble, has been studied most. However, less is known about the oligomeric properties of TNFRs. Nevertheless, recent reports based on structural nuclear magnetic resonance NMR highlight the intrinsic role of the transmembrane domains to form dimers p75NTRtrimers Fasor dimers of trimers DR5.
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