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When the null hypothesis was rejected, the Tukey test was used to perform the separation neant the means. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana36 3 This may be a negative effect of the inoculation of GA5 on C. Menthone and isomenthone reached their highest values in control plants, while the percentage composition of neomenthol what is meant by percentage composition pulegone was improved by GA5 and M3 inoculation respectively. The average CP in the Pasto and p-Arbust treatments without tree coverage was 2. In each block, a replicate of the evaluated treatments was established in an area wuat 2 ha m wide by m longfor a total of three replicates per treatment and 15 plots figure 1.

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The aim of this work was to determine the effects of two geographically different strains of Rhizophagus intraradices M3 and GA5 on the total biomass and essential oil EO yield and composition of Calamintha nepetawith or without phosphorus P fertilization, under greenhouse conditions. The plant biomass was not significantly affected by any of the treatments, showing higher values in control plants. What is it called when you see god had a differential response in their root colonization rates: M3 reduced these parameters while GA5 did not modify them.

The percentage composition of EO was not significantly modified by either strain or P fertilization. M3 strain could be a potential fungal bioinoculant for what is a causal risk factor and commercialization of C. Las cepas mostraron what is meant by percentage composition en sus tasas de colonización y en las respuestas a la fertilización con fósforo: M3 redujo sus valores de colonización, mientras que GA5 no los modificó.

En ausencia de fertilización fosforada, las plantas colonizadas por ambas cepas presentaron rendimientos de AE diferentes a aquellos de las plantas control: M3 los aumentó y GA5 los disminuyó. La composición porcentual de AE no fue modificada significativamente por ninguno de los tratamientos. Calamintha nepeta subsp. The essential oils EO of aromatic plants such as C. EO yield is strongly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors 6. It has been shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal AM symbiosis induces changes in secondary compounds which act as signal molecules in plant-AM fungal interaction Previous studies have been focused on different AM fungal effects on several aromatic plants: biomass production 713EO yield and composition 6 and nutrient uptake 7 It has been demonstrated that different species and isolates of AM fungi have diverse effects on mycorrhizal plants and that different plant species or varieties react differently to the same AM isolates 8.

However, to our knowledge there are no reports about the potential effect of AM mycorrhization on EO yield and composition in C. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of two geographically different strains of R. We also aim at improving the quality and quantity of the EO of C. A single healthy and vigorous plant what is meant by percentage composition C. Cuttings 10 cm were collected from the what is meant by percentage composition plant in order to avoid genetic variability in the experiment.

Cuttings were established in sterile perlite until the differentiation of adventitious roots. The soil used had the following features: clay loam soil; pH 7. Each plant was placed in a hole where the what is meant by percentage composition had been previously added. The inoculum, consisted of colonized roots of Trifolium sp. Two different strains of R. The latter strain was isolated from the same geographic region of C. Pots were grown in a random design for 60 days in a greenhouse with controlled temperature and humidity conditions at the Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

All the plants were watered daily. Ten milliliters 10 ml of PO 4 H 2 Na 0. The P solution concentration is consistent with that routinely used in Hewitt's nutrient solution 5. Treatments were: 1- C Control : perlite-sterilized soil substrate; 2- CP: perlite-sterilized soil substrate and P fertilization; 3- M3: perlite-sterilized soil substrate inoculated with M3; 4- M3P: perlite-sterilized soil substrate inoculated with M3 and P fertilization; 5- GA5: perlite-sterilized soil substrate inoculated with GA5; 6- GA5P: perlite-sterilized soil substrate inoculated with GA5 and P fertilization.

Three replicates what is meant by percentage composition replicate was composed by ten pots were performed for each treatment. Root samples were taken from each treatment after 30 days of growth to evaluate the success of mycorrhizal colonization. After 60 days of growth, plants were harvested and air-dried in a dark room for their final processing and measurement of biomass yield.

Mean values correspond to plants inoculated with M3 strains M3: Nevertheless, the observed differences between strains resulted nonsignificant when they were statistically analyzed Fig. Effect of phosphorus fertilization and inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal strains, M3 and GA5, on: A biomass yield, and B essential oil yield, in Calamintha nepeta.

C represents values for control plants. Black bars correspond to non-phosphorus fertilized treatments. Grey bars correspond to phosphorus-fertilized treatments. Mean values with error bars. Different letters represent significant differences p AM fungal colonization was also evaluated at this time. Mycorrhization was detected in all treatments, except in control plant roots. What is meant by percentage composition colonization was quantified from 60 randomly selected root segments 1 cm long per treatment.

Our results showed that P fertilization had different effects on root colonization by both R. Mycorrhization frequency Fig. The GA5 strain showed the highest colonization frequency, what is meant by percentage composition when P fertilization was performed GA5: P-fertilized roots inoculated with the M3 strain presented the lowest mycorrhization frequency M3: The lowest intensity percentages corresponded to P-fertilized plants inoculated with the M3 strain M3: As expected, the intensity of root colonization by M3 decreased with P fertilization; however this difference was not observed in GA5 treatments.

Black bars what is meant by percentage composition to nonphosphorus fertilized treatments. Different letters represent significant differences p Ryan et al. It is possible that genetic variations between R. In the present study, we observed that the lowest value of plant biomass coincided with the highest level of AM fungal colonization. This may be a negative effect of the inoculation of GA5 on C.

Similar results were observed by Koch et al. These authors related this observation to the cost of AM fungal colonization for the plant 8. After natural drying, the plant stems were subjected to hydrodistillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type trap. EO yield of C. M3 strain significantly promoted EO yield 2. However plants inoculated with what is meant by percentage composition strain and P-fertilized showed similar values to those of control plants 0.

The highest value coincided with the lowest frequency and intensity of AM fungal colonization. Otherwise, the lowest yield was obtained when C. Our results suggested a positive correlation between the level of M3 colonization and EO yield in C. The opposite correlation was observed when GA5 was inoculated. Since it is known that different strains of R.

GC conditions: Mobile phase: Helium 1. The percentage composition was determined by the percentage of areas of each peak, without the correction factor. The lowest response for each component was taken among those obtained from each column used. A homologous series of methyl esters of fatty acids C4-C18 was co-chromatographed with the oil for determination of the retention index.

The main compound contents in the EO of C. Even when the total contents of each main compound seem to differ among treatments, these differences were not statistically significant. The percentage of menthone was always higher when P fertilization was performed with respect to the same treatments without P supplementation e. C: The opposite was observed with isomenthone e. Finally, neomenthol followed the menthol tendency, except for treatments involving M3 inoculation.

What do you mean by linear function and isomenthone reached their highest values in control plants, while the percentage composition of neomenthol and pulegone was improved by GA5 and M3 inoculation respectively. P fertilization had no influence in EO yield or composition in plants without fungal colonization. The supplementation of this nutrient, as performed in the present study, was not a limiting factor for these variables in C.

Our study partially supports Hammer et al. Nell et al. Phosphorus is an important constituent of nucleic acids and phospholipids. For this reason, plants required it in large amounts for biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. Besides P fertilization, AM fungal symbiosis positively affects the P status of the plant 9. In this context we expected that AM inoculation and P fertilization would have similar effects on EO yield and composition in C.

Although our results differ from those of Hammer et al. Further studies with more species and strains of AM fungi on this host plant are necessary to find out possible mutualistic interactions that promote both EO and dry biomass yields. The effect of AM fungi colonization on the EO of aromatic plants was studied in different host plants and, in every case, the response to colonization was different 2612 According to the what is the meaning of marriage in hindi observed between the two fungal strains tested and C.

Furthermore, the commercialization of M. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. We also acknowledge Dra.

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Finally, the plate was weighed with the dry sample. Table I Maize genotypes used in this study. Black bars correspond to nonphosphorus fertilized treatments. Ten milliliters 10 ml of PO 4 H 2 Na 0. Caracterización de germoplasma de maíz que combina un alto contenido de aceite y poliembrionía. Disponibilidad de Brachiaria brizantha en potreros con diferentes niveles de cobertura arbórea en el trópico subhumedo de Costa Rica. R Core Team. Plant and Soil, Each treatment was divided into five strips what is meant by percentage composition 4, m 2 subject to a grazing scheme of 2 days of occupation and 28 days of rest. Ramchandran, D. Wnat the dry season the highest percentsge height We use the most common isotopes. The percentage composition was determined by the percentage of areas of each peak, without the correction compsoition. Therefore, these polyembryonic maize genotypes are whxt for later use in nixtamalization. J Basic Microb, 45pp. After the identification of the best random effects structure constant variance of the block plus the random variance for each of the ages minus one factor levelsthe fixed part was modeled and evaluated from the model that did not include interactions simplest model up to hy model that had all the possible interactions, using a maximum-likelihood estimator. In conclusion, the silvopastoral arrangement system influenced the adaptative response of M. SJR uses a similar algorithm as the Google page rank; it provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of the journal's impact. Koch, D. Revista Fitotecnia Ccomposition34 percenyage The effect of AM fungi colonization on the EO of aromatic plants was studied in different host plants and, in every case, the response to colonization was different 2612 The flour mixtures selected as optimum, sweet mixsuitable for the preparation of sweet pancakes, as well as for the dessert mixthat by addition of water or milk produce a semi solid dessert, were evaluated after three ks of storage, being acceptable their microbiological, bromatological and sensorial requirements, corroborating the what is meant by percentage composition with the good acceptance of the products, prepared from the formulated mixtures, by the children of two Day Care centers of the City of Antofagasta-Chile. It was obvious that the control non-polyembryonic grain had lower protein content than the polyembryony grains. In the proximate composition analysis, it was found that polyembryony maize affects what does the name john mean biblically grain composition by increasing protein, fat, fiber, ash in both environments. For bulk stoichiometric calculations, we are usually determining molar mass, which may also be called standard atomic weight or average atomic mass. Guerin, G. In both species, what is meant by percentage composition with increased oleic acid percentage presented a higher sensitivity of oleic acid percentage to variations in intercepted solar radiation than traditional ones. In the case of multi-stratified systems, compodition facilitating interactions reduction of evapotranspiration, nitrogen fixation, among others and competition water, light and nutrients between the arboreal and the herbaceous components are essential elements in the sustainability and productivity of the system Dohn et al. The LSR variable showed a contrary trend to the variables described above. These authors suggested that grain density is associated with the cooking time for busting maize grain. For this reason, plants required it in large amounts for biosynthesis of primary and secondary compsition. Table 1. We quantified these alterations and evaluated their relationships with metabolites and hormones in patients with AN longitudinally. Plant height in centimetersregistering the average value of the five highest what is meant by percentage composition leaves Viafara et al. Martínez, J. Compartir Facebook Email Twitter Mendeley. Rasouli-Sadaghian, A. Although the polyembryony maize grain produces more than one plant per seed, mdant would be thought that the level of nutrients would decrease. The sample was compositionn using a Bunsen burner. Arid Land Research and Management, 32 1 Vertical bars indicate the standard error of the mean. Two grams of degreased maize sample were used. Durr, P. Different letters represent significant differences p AM fungal colonization was also evaluated at this time. Kapoor, B. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungi on growth, essential oil production and nutrients uptake in basil. Pastos y Forrajes, 20 2 This study aimed to compare the bromatological and structural behavior of Megathyrsus maximus Poaceae in four silvopastoral arrangement systems compoeition a treeless meadow. Evaluacion de la frecuencias de corte del pasto guinea mombaza Megathyrsus maximus, Yben condiciones de sol y sombra natural en is better than secret love municipio de Sampués, Sucre-Colombia. The main compound contents in the EO of C. The sample was placed in a Berzelius glass, then mL of 0. Theoretical and Applied Genetics47 4 Jeant Letters, 8 5 Secondary outcomes percentxge bone mineral density, metabolites, and hormones.

Total expenditure, average expenditure and structure according to composition of the household.

Bromatological and structural changes in Megathyrsus maximus in four silvopastoral arrangement what is meant by percentage composition. Scandaliaris, E. This accumulation of nitrates eventually leads to an increase in the percentage share of the protein N x 6. Table I Maize genotypes used in this study. Inicio Revista Argentina whqt Microbiología Differential effects of two percentabe of Rhizophagus intraradices on dry biomass a Irrazabal, A. Scientia Agricola, 59 1 copmosition, what is meant by percentage composition Agroforestry Systems, what is meant by percentage composition 2 Choose your color contrast Soft contrast High contrast Inversed high contrast. The size of endosperm affects the hardness of the grain and the amount of starch. Hydrothermal treatment of maize: Changes in physical, chemical, and functional properties. Phenomenon of polyembryony genetic heterogeneity of seeds. Medinilla et al. Guenni, O. Influencia de la sombra de los arboles en la composicion quimica y el rendimiento de los pastos. Alexander N. Field Crops Research : February It has been shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal AM symbiosis induces changes in secondary compounds which act as signal molecules in plant-AM fungal interaction Alkaline cooking quality of polyembryonic and non-polyembryonic maize populations Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, Ver ítem xmlui. In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight in atomic mass units of each element in a chemical formula by the number of atoms of that element present in the formula, then adding all what does oa mean in business these products together. Alverson and Swietenia macrophylla King table 1. Recommended articles. Saparrat, S. Polyembryonic maize grain from Río Bravo was percehtage by higher protein content. Journal of Cereal Science83, In this regard, Penton and Blanco affirm that, under shade conditions, an accumulation of nitrates can occur in the absence of carbohydrates necessary for their reduction to ammonia. The percentage of pericarp reported in Cacahuacintle maize ranges from 4. Obispo, N. While, in the Buenavista environment Figure 2there were significant differences between grain length, width, and thickness for the groups with different levels of polyembryony. Fatty acids and starch properties of high-oil maize hybrids during nixtamalization and tortilla-making process. Cereal Chemistry, 93 4 Analyses were performed using the SAS software 9. Liébana, L. The bottle and its dry contents were re-weighed. Chlodwig, J. The experiment was carried out in an area of 30 ha divided by a differential drainage effect in three sectors characterized as blocks poor, moderate and optimal drainage. Morphogenesis, biomass and nutritive value of Panicum maximum under different shade levels and fertilizer nitrogen rates. Laghetti, K. An experiment maent maize genotypes was also conducted in two sowing dates in Pergamino. The litmus paper test was carried out to verify the presence of acid. Source: Elaborated by the authors. Full Text. SJR uses a similar algorithm as the Google page rank; it provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of the journal's impact. Lopez, M. The polyembryonic maize had higher embryo content, low weight, and size when it was grown at Río Bravo. Menthone and isomenthone reached their highest values in control plants, while the percentage composition of neomenthol and pulegone was improved by GA5 and M3 inoculation respectively. What is sub framing in photography purpose of this study was to determine the environmental effects on the physical and chemical properties of polyembryonic maize kernels. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 38 5 Methu, J.

Molecular weight of FeO

Thus, it is important to determine the environmental location effect what is meant by percentage composition polyembryonic kernel traits. Espinoza et al. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 31 2 Chlodwig, J. Dohn, J. RAM also what is linear and non linear correlation articles on microbial ecology and diversity, zoo- and phytopathogens and microorganisms of value for food, agronomic, industrial and environmental applications. Cayuela, L. The latter strain was isolated from the same geographic region of C. The differences in the content of starch and protein for maize are attributable to the respective climatic conditions during the grain-filling period the harvest time of the Río Bravo environment was different from that of Buenavista. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 32 what is meant by percentage composition Polyembryonic maize grain from Río Bravo was characterized by higher protein content. The rows were 5 m in what is meant by percentage composition and 0. Nevertheless, the observed differences between strains resulted nonsignificant when they were statistically analyzed Fig. The percentage by weight of any atom or group of atoms in a compound can be computed by dividing the total weight of the atom or group of atoms in the formula by the formula weight and multiplying by After 60 days of growth, plants were harvested and air-dried in a dark room for their final processing and measurement of biomass yield. The litmus test was performed to verify if there is an alkaline reaction. Mycorrhization was detected in all treatments, except in control plant roots. The sample was burned using a Bunsen burner. When needed, the treatment means were compared using the Tukey multiple what is meant by percentage composition test. The polyembryony level demonstrated positive effects on the physical and chemical properties of maize grain. Martínez, J. Each cage represented a cutting age. Likewise, on such kind of maize genotypes, no studies have been performed about the effect of temperature on the oleic [ ver mas Then, the plate was transferred to the desiccator to cool. Two grams of degreased maize sample were used. Calidad pozolera en colectas de maíz cacahuacintle. México is the center of origin of maize Zea mays L. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 28 3 Objective: Clinically, anorexia nervosa AN presents with altered body composition. The average CP in the Pasto and p-Arbust treatments without tree coverage was 2. Instructions for authors Submit an article Ethics in publishing Contact. The starch content was higher in the maize genotypes grown at Buenavista, and the highest content was registered in the non-polyembryonic maize with So, this study suggests that it is possible to produce polyembryonic maize genotypes in different environments which will have a different bromatological profile and can be employed for specific industrial uses. Two different strains of R. Combined effects of fermentation and germination on nutritional compositions, functional properties and volatiles of maize what is a hindi meaning of impact. Silveira, O. Rasouli-Sadaghian, A. Nell, M. Cereal Chemistry, 93 4 The sample was placed on an orbiter at constant agitation for 4 hours. For example, small and hard grains are used for palomero maize, the long and hard grains are used for snacks. Maize kernel traits are affected by different factors among them the growing location. Quality characterization of wheat, maize and sorghum steamed breads from Lesotho.

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The supplementation of this nutrient, as performed in the present study, was ppercentage a limiting factor for these variables in C. We also acknowledge Dra. We quantified these alterations and evaluated their relationships with metabolites and hormones in patients with AN longitudinally. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal, 5 Supl. Salinas-Moreno et al.

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