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Las actitudes amorosas y la violencia: las consecuencias de la carga de cuidados en la mujer. Intimate partner violence against women is considered one of what does 4/20 mean sexually most widespread forms of violence. Women staying in violent relationships is associated with feelings of love and caregiving. It is a transversal study design. Results show a positive correlation between low burden and psychological aggression perpetrated.
Further, the Agape love style and severe and minor psychological aggression perpetrated, and minor injury perpetrated were predictors of perceived caregiving burden. Finally, the findings indicate that love styles mediate the relationship between violence and care burden. This should be taken into account when evaluating relationships. Las mujeres que permanecen en relaciones violentas viven con sentimientos de amor y cuidado. Este estudio tiene como objetivos analizar la relación entre la violencia, las actitudes amorosas y la sobrecarga del cuidado, evaluar las diferencias de estas dos primeras en función del tipo de sobrecarga del cuidado, analizar el papel predictivo de las actitudes amorosas y la violencia sobre la carga del cuidado y estudiar el efecto mediador de las actitudes amorosas en la relación entre violencia y sobrecarga del cuidado.
Se ha utilizado un diseño de estudio transversal. Asimismo, se aprecia que las actitudes amorosas median la relación entre la violencia y la carga del cuidado. Se concluye que las actitudes amorosas y la violencia ejercida y recibida influyen en la percepción de sobrecarga de la mujer cuidadora, lo que debe tenerse en cuenta al evaluar las relaciones de pareja.
Increasing awareness of severity and extent of violence against women has led to its recognition as a societal problem rather than being considered a private matter. Over the years, different terms have been used to define it depending on the type of relationship. Intimate partner violence is one of the most widespread forms of violence. In this context, the model of romantic love and acceptance of related myths have encouraged women to remain in violent relationships.
It should be noted that there are many women who understand love as an absolute and unconditional surrender to their couple, providing them with excessive care and keeping their own desires and needs in the background. These beliefs are today deeply rooted in many women without hardly realizing it, because they consider it as something natural how to identify my martin guitar socially accepted Coria, Emotions, as well as this type of beliefs, are culturally mediated, respond to the social norms and, therefore, are predetermined by myths, stereotypes, and taboos.
Considering these beliefs as normal or natural results in the perpetuation of traditional sentimental structures Herrera, ; Hochschild,in which there is a marked difference between men and women in the roles and behavioural patterns they must carry out. In line with this, love has what is the disadvantage of love marriage indicated as a possible factor that makes IPV more likely to occur and perpetuate Bosch et al.
Lee proposed an interesting model to understand the nature of love, describing six styles of loving, a typological conception what is the disadvantage of love marriage love that serves as a framework what is the disadvantage of love marriage this study: a Eros passionate lovecharacterised by the expression of high levels of passion, physical attraction, and sexual activity; b Ludus game-playing loveinvolving a weaker emotional connection, with no what is the disadvantage of love marriage plans and no desire for attachment; c Storge friendship-based lovecharacterised by enduring commitment based on intimacy, friendship, and affection; d Mania obsessive lovethat involves dependency on the partner, extreme jealousy, possessiveness, a lack of trust, and ambivalence; e Pragma pragmatic lovebased on the rational search for the ideal partner, considering age, level of education, social status, religion, etc.
In this context, caregiving is used to refer to a willingness to help satisfy the needs of the other person, in an unconditional way and considering multiple factors López, Some women experiencing IPV believe that they have to continue taking care of their escape velocity class 11 derivation, accepting and giving into his demands, despite the abusive relationship Souto et al.
In light of all this, the objectives of this study were: 1 to investigate potential associations between violence, love styles, and perceived caregiver burden; 2 to assess differences in the type of violence received and perpetrated as a function of perceived caregiver burden; 3 to analyse the predictive role of violence received and perpetrated and love styles in perceived caregiver burden; and 4 to determine whether love styles mediate in the relation between violence received and perpetrated and perceived caregiver burden.
The sample was composed of women living in the Basque Country who were recruited by convenience sampling. Specifically, we causality in philosophy of science several organisations for women and those that expressed interest invited their members and staff to participate on a voluntary basis.
The mean age of participants was Of the women who reported having a partner, Regarding education, Almost half of the women were in work This questionnaire was designed to assess the subjective burden experienced by the primary caregivers of people with mental disorders. It explores the negative impact of caregiving on a caregiver in different areas of their life: physical health, mental health, social participation, and financial resources.
The overall score is the sum of all items, ranging from 22 toand can be used to assess whether or not the caregiver experiences burden and the level of burden; the higher the score, the higher the burden. In our study, we used the cut-offs proposed for the Spanish version Martín et al. The factors identified for this scale are: what is the disadvantage of love marriage impact of care, including the items related to all issues associated with the effects of providing care on the caregiver, with a factor loading of 7.
This instrument collects data on the main types and extent of violence in partner relationships. Internationally, it is one of the instruments most widely used to study the prevalence and incidence of adult IPV. It is a self-administered questionnaire with a 39 item pairs 78 items in total: 39 questions each asking once for the respondent and once concerning the partner that assess the extent to which each member of the couple engages in acts of physical, psychological, or sexual violence against the other, as well as the use of justification and negotiation to resolve conflict.
The scale has five subscales: negotiation 6 itemspsychological aggression 8 itemsphysical assault 12 itemssexual coercion 7 what is the disadvantage of love marriageand injury 6 itemswhich are in turn divided into two subscales: cognitive and emotional for negotiation, and minor what is the disadvantage of love marriage severe for the other scales. Several indices can be calculated for each of the CTS2 subscales Straus, including scores for prevalence, annual chronicity, and annual frequency.
In IPV perpetrators, the test-retest reliability for the frequency score ranges from. The internal consistency in the present study ranged between. This instrument explores the six love styles proposed by Lee and addressing the types of love characteristic of each of them: Eros passionate or idyllic loveLudus game-playing loveStorge friendship lovePragma practical loveMania possessive, dependent loveand Agape altruistic love.
The authors of this scale conceived the scale as a tool to measure the structure of attitudes and what is the disadvantage of love marriage of interviewees regarding love, considering cognitive, affective, and behavioural indicators. The construct validity of the scale was checked and continues to be confirmed, showing that love styles assessed are related to other constructs in a predictable manner. In previous research, reliability analysis found coefficients from. Data was collected after explaining the objectives of the study, as well as providing general information about the study, including the people and the organisation responsible, and full details concerning ethical and confidentiality considerations.
This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of What is the disadvantage of love marriage World Medical Association, The questionnaire was then completed individually and anonymously on paper or online. The results have been obtained through the SPSS 22 program. Firstly, we analysed the bivariate relationships between violence received and perpetrated, love attitudes and perceived caregiver burden by the r of Pearson.
The effect size was interpreted as described by Cohen in the following way: values under. What is the disadvantage of love marriage, we analyse multiple regression by successive steps to verify the predictive role of violence perpetrated and received and love experiential learning theory by david kolb examples on perceived caregiver burden.
Finally, we analysed mediations to what is a diagonally dominant matrix the mediating role of love attitudes in the relationships between violence perpetrated and received and perceived caregiver burden. Firstly, we assessed associations between the scores for violence perpetrated and received, love attitudes, and caregiver burden Table 1and found significant correlations see below.
Our results indicate that Eros love style was positively correlated with overall psychological aggression both perpetrated and received and also that Ludus love style was negatively correlated with overall psychological aggression both perpetrated and receivedoverall physical assault received, minor physical assault perpetrated and received, what is the disadvantage of love marriage overall sexual coercion perpetrated and received.
Similarly, Storge love style was positively correlated with overall psychological aggression and minor psychological aggression received, while Mania love style was negatively correlated with minor psychological aggression perpetrated. Finally, Agape love style was positively correlated with the overall and minor psychological aggression perpetrated and with sexual coercion and severe injury received.
With regards to burden, no burden was negatively associated with overall and minor psychological aggression perpetrated. Lastly, we found that low perceived burden was positively associated with overall psychological aggression perpetrated and with minor psychological aggression perpetrated and received. Secondly, we analysed differences in the type of violence received and perpetrated and love attitudes as a function of perceived caregiver burden Table 2. We found significantly higher mean scores for severe psychological aggression received and perpetrated in individuals who reported mild burden, and significantly higher mean scores for psychological aggression and minor sexual coercion and emotional negotiation perpetrated in the severe burden group.
Further, though the differences did not reach significance, we note that we found the highest mean scores for Pragma love style in all three burden groups. Thirdly, we analysed the predictive role of violence perpetrated and received and love attitudes on the perceived caregiver burden Table 3. Below we indicate the significant regressions.
Finally, we analysed the relationship between violence, both received and perpetrated, and perceived caregiver what is the disadvantage of love marriage, this relationship being mediated by love styles Table 4. The unstandardized coefficient for minor psychological aggression perpetrated increased from. This implies that Similarly, the unstandardized coefficient for minor injury perpetrated increased from 1. Firstly, we have analysed the relationship between violence, love style, and caregiver burden.
In this analysis, we found a significant positive association between Eros love style and psychological aggression, both perpetrated and received. Further, Ludus love style was negatively associated with psychological aggression and sexual coercion perpetrated and received as well as with physical assault received and minor physical assault perpetrated and received, and Mania love style was negatively associated with minor psychological aggression perpetrated.
With regards to Storge, this love style was positively associated with psychological aggression received. This result is in line with previous studies indicating that Storge love style is commonly found in the context of partner violence Lucariello, Further, our findings may be related to the fact that these individuals consider falling in love to be more romantic in nature and phylogeny simple definition biology long-term commitment Galicia et al.
In turn, the romantic love model and acceptance of associated myths play a crucial role in the onset and maintenance of violence Ferrer et al. This can be explained from the social and power structure that urges women to seek a partner under the pretext of seeking ideal love, condemning them to inequalities, subjugation, and sacrifice. In this way, a model of domesticity is constructed where family, and by extension home, is the naturalized habitat of a woman, who lives situations of conflict generated from unreal equality guidelines that new generations have assumed under the protection of traditional roles, despite the evident persistence of gender differences Melero, A search for romantic love is imposed on girls in order to organize and build a future, while for boys it is seduction, implying profit.
The need to love is stronger in women, but at the same time it is more dependent, as Leal points out. Likewise, for Bosch and Ferrer gender-differentiated love creates false expectations and may be at the root of gender-based violence. We also found that Agape love style was positively associated with psychological aggression perpetrated and sexual coercion what is the disadvantage of love marriage severe injury received.
These results are in line with previous research indicating that Agape in women is a predictor of violence perpetrated and received Galicia et al. With respect to caregiving what is the disadvantage of love marriage, we found that a perception of no burden was associated to psychological aggression perpetrated. Notably, this finding concerns violence perpetrated, which may be due to a tendency to underestimate violence received Berns, This may be due to the cultural naturalization of violence against women and the tendency of abused women to minimize aggression Zubizarreta, Secondly, we analysed differences in violence and love styles perpetrated and received as a function of perceived caregiving burden.
Our results indicate that the mean severe psychological aggression received and perpetrated was highest in the mild burden group. Further, though the differences did not reach significance, the mean scores were highest for Pragma love style in all three burden groups. The cultural, gender, and age differences related to predominant love style may help us understand these results Galicia et al.
A romantic view of love may lead women to justify the control what age do you get love handles partner exerts over them, and encourage them to adhere in their relationships to gender stereotypes in which control is associated with masculinity Galicia et al. Thirdly, we analysed the predictive role of violence perpetrated and received and love styles in perceived caregiving burden.
The results of this analysis show, on the one hand, that Agape, together with severe and minor psychological aggression perpetrated predict caregiving burden and, on the other hand, that Storge, together with severe psychological aggression perpetrated and received predicted the impact of caregiving on interpersonal relationships.
Similarly, we found that both minor psychological aggression perpetrated and minor physical aggression received are predictors of a high burden. We are not aware of any studies that have found an association between love attitudes, violence received and perpetratedand caregiving burden. Finally, we analysed love style as a mediator in the relationship between violence, both perpetrated and received, and caregiving burden. In this analysis, we found that the relationships of caregiving burden with minor psychological aggression perpetrated and with minor injury perpetrated were mediated by love style.