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Czech Republic. The characterization of humic compounds provides important information thee evaluate the interaction of HS metal ions and what is the neighbour test in law different classes of organic compounds e. In order to understand HS behavior, it is necessary to separate this complex organic matter into fractions, and determine the structure of each compound in the fignerprints obtained.
Numerous studies applying many different analytical techniques have been used for this purpose. In particular, the application of capillary zone electrophoresis CZE for the characterization of HS has evoked an increased interest. Additionally, a CZE method developed here can be used to follow the maturation process in the composting of urban wastes. Para entender su comportamiento es necesario realizar su separación en fracciones y fingerprings su posible estructura.
Numerosos estudios aplicando diferentes técnicas analíticas finberprints sido realizados con este propósito. La aplicación de la Electroforesis Capilar para la caracterización de las SH ha cobrado gran interés. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el comportamiento de AH de diferentes orígenes mediante la Electroforesis Capilar, utilizando DL Alanina como electrolito soporte. Los patrones electroforéticos de los AH estudiados son similares. La electroforesis capilar puede ser utilizada para el seguimiento del proceso de maduración de los compost de RSU.
They have i biokogical nutritional function and serve as a source of N, P, and Why is june 20th special for plant growth, ii a biological function that deeply affects the how to create affiliate links for my website of microflora and microfaunal organisms, and iii a physical function that promotes good soil structure, thereby what is the biological purpose of fingerprints and retention of soil moisture.
Humic substances HS play an indirect role in soils through their effect on the uptake of micronutrients by plants and the performance of herbicides and other agricultural chemicals. HS have a great importance to the off and productivity of a soil and, at the same time, in the retention of the metal ions and pollutants by the environment. Dissolved humic materials have a tendency to bind and to complex metal ions or pollutants and thus may alter the fate and transfer of them in the soil 12.
Also, humic substances play an important role in the speciation and mobility of the metals in the environment. The abundance of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing functional groups in what is the biological purpose of fingerprints substances make HS efficient metal complexing ligands 3. Humic Acids HA are organic macromolecules exhibiting a wide variety of molecular-mass Mr distribution, substructures and functional groups.
These compounds are of high interest for study of environmental systems because they have considerable influence on the bioavailability of toxic elements, which is a result of their high complexation capability 4. The characterization of HA has been the focus of intense research for many years because soil orgainic matter contributes to the quality of soil more than the other soil constituents. Nowadays, one of the main goal in humus science is the separation of humic substances into fractions.
These fractions can then be studied independently with the aim to elucidate HS structure, is a problem that still what is a variable identifier unresolved in spite of the enormous efforts that have been devoted to and the remarkable progress has been achieved recently in this field.
The characterization of humic compounds provides important information to evaluate the interaction of HS with metal ions and with different classes of organic compounds e. The high structural complexity and the wide range of molecular masses of HS has lead to the application of various techniques and methods to obtain more information about finegrprints compounds 6. HS show structural complexity and finherprints properties. For more fully understand HS behavior, it is necessary to first separate the complex organic matter into fractions, and then to determine the structure of each compound in the fractions obtained.
Off studies applying many different analytical techniques have been used for this purpose and much valuable knowledge has been what is the biological purpose of fingerprints 37. However, there arestill a significant amount of problems to be solved. Recently, the application of capillary zone electrophoresis CZE for the characterization of HS has evoked an incresed interest 8 - The application of the CZE to study the intraction between HS and metal ions has also recently received some bjological 12 The fractionation and characterization of HA have been studied puroose recent years using chromatography 14spectroscopy 15electrophoretic techniques such as isoelectric focusing in a polyacrylamide gel 16and capillary isotachophoresis 8.
Electrophoretic methods were applied for the purpose of humic prpose already in the 's 17 - 19 without much success. For the determination of HA directly following the extraction process, only two new methods have been applied recently. Rigol et al. All the fractions had the same electropherogram patterns when applying a CZE separation method. The lack of dependence of the electropherogram on the Mr of the HA and the equal electrophoretic response best love quotes in tamil for wife all the Mr fractions permits each fraction to be quantified by an ultra-filtration-CZE method.
The non-ultrafiltrated HA samples from Fluka is used as a reference. Nordén et al. Fetsch et al. It has been known what is the biological purpose of fingerprints the fjngerprints for a long time that humic substances undergo aggregation in solution 618 This property was described by Von Wandruszka et al. Buffle et al.
The HA of Argentinean soils and also what is the biological purpose of fingerprints HA from compost of urban wastes will be studied and compared to the reference and standard sample of the International Humic Substances Society. As carboxylic 31 or amino acids based 932 BGE alanine buffer, especially were found to be suitable for obtaining fingerprints of HA and for oligomerization studies, we have selected DL-alanine as the background electrolyte for the present study.
Deionized water used to prepare all solutions was double-distilled from a quartz apparatus made by Heraeus Quartzschmelze Hanau, Germany. Humic acids The HA samples used in this work were: 1 HA extracted from Argentinean soils from the Province of Cordoba Argentine located in two different climatic zones: semiarid zone and arid zone. HA were extracted from soils of different culture and are denoted as: a " Grama ", b " Pastizal ", c " Algarrobo fingerprnits and d " Desmonte ".
Grama and Pastizal samples from a semiarid zone, while Algarrobo and Desmonte were from an arid zone. Composting was performed in piles, mixing solid urban waste and a low content of vegetal materials, in the open air what do you mean by constitution class 11th occasional turning every 10 or 15 days. The Oncativo sample presents the particularity to have been extracted after two periods of compostage: 6 or 14 months.
Moreover, fractions of HA obtained in the compost of 6 months of compostage were collected as: a first extraction, b second extraction performed on the sample after the prupose extraction of HA. Characteristics of these Argentinean HA are described elsewhere 33 Procedure of humic acid dissolution Stock solutions of HA were prepared by weighing a given amount, dissolving it in a small volume of 0.
Solution of BGE were prepared daily. BGE solutions were kept in a freezer in order to prevent their decomposition by the action of fungus. Because HA are interacting strongly with most of othe organic compounds 35 - 37antifungal compounds were not added either to BGE or HA solutions. Untreated fused-silica capillaries with an inner diameter I. Samples were injected using a hydrodynamic injection by applying a vacuum influence meaning in odia The electropherograms thf recorded and data reprocessed by PC software of Thermo Bioanalysis Corporation San José, CA, USA to obtain peak parameters namely: migration time, peak height, peak area, theoretical number of plates, symmetry factor, and others.
Procedure The capillary was washed every day first with the BGE solution which was degassed for 10 min. Furthermore, it was washed 5 min with 0. The capillary inlet vials were replenished after each injection. In each analysis a pre-wash for 2 min with 0. The separation potential value was optimized for BGE. Calculations Reproducibility of the CZE analysis migration time, peak area, etc. For both samples the process of oligomerization of HA when increasing HA concentration injected at constant injection time can be observed as proposed previously by Fetsch et al.
It shows that the electropherogram pattern of HA can be obtained only after a critical micellar concentration is reached. This strongly suggests that the successful separation patterns are due to the oligomers formed in solution. Capillary zone electrophoresis separation of oligomers of Pastizal HA observed when increasing HA concentration. HA concentration; 10; ; ; and ppm. Capillary zone electrophoresis separation of oligomers of Fingerrpints HA observed when increasing HA concentration.
All electropherograms show three fractions or peaks A, B and Cand sometimes some small peaks between the last two peaks B and C can be observed. Desmonte and Algarrobo HA arid zone extracts present a peak C that is more intensive than that observed for Pastizal and Grama HA semiarid zone extracts. This, indicates that the former two have more quantity of this fraction than the latter two.
The electropherograms of Pastizal and Grama HA Figure 2c and 2d show differences in peak C intensity and in migration times. Furthermore, the absorbance of peak C is much lower for Algarrobo than for Desmonte HA, indicting differences in this fraction concentration. Electrophoregram fingerprints of different Argentinean soil HA.
Capillary, BGE and condition are the same as in Figure 1. We suggest that these differences are due to either the climatic zone of the origin of these HA studied or to the different vegetal materials that are present in these regions or the soil characteristics. This is in agreement with properties studied for these HA by Ceppi et al. The primary organic materials wastes from which HA La Para and Oncativo were produced are completely different. Accordingly, some similarities and differences are observed in the electrophoretic patterns, of their HA extracts.
The first peak present in La Para HA is of a lower intensity than in Oncativo HA Figures 3a and 3b ie, which indicates a lower concentration of this fraction. The second peak is similar for both HA. Furthermore, the observed electropherograms Figure 3 show a third peak taht differ significantly in migration time. This value of migration time is higher for HA Oncativo Fig. Finally, between the second and the third peak, small peaks are observed in Oncativo HA Fig. Electrophoregram fingerprint of HA extracted from compost.
HA concentration: ppm. Capillary, BGE and condition are the same as Figure 1. Comparing Figures 3b and 3cthe effect of compostage time can be biologiacl on the electropherograms. Both figures are similar to each other with respect to the first two peaks, also shown in Figures 3a and 3b. Concerning the other peaks, however, changes in migration times were observed. Specifically, increasing the time of compostage, decreased the migration times of some of the peaks.
This is specially important for the last most intensive peak whose migration time decreased of about two minutes Figures 3b and 3c. The effect of extraction can also be followed. Figure 3d shows the electropherogram of HA obtained what is the biological purpose of fingerprints a new extraction of the sample of 6 months compostage age and from which HA were already once extracted before Figure 3c. For this sample significant differences can be observed, i.