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Genomic study of Argentinean Equid herpesvirus 1 strains. Nadia A. Fuentealba 1, 3Guillermo H. Sguazza 1Matías L. Eöry 1, 2, 3Alejandro R. Valera 1Marcelo R. Pecoraro 1Cecilia M. E-mail: cmgalosi fcv. Equid herpesvirus 1 EHV-1 what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms has a signifcant economic impact on equine production, causing abortion, respiratory disease, neonatal death and neurological disorders.
The identifcation of specifc EHV-1 genes related to virulence and pathogenicity has been the aim what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms several research groups. What is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms purpose of the present study was to analyze different genomic regions of Argentinean EHV-1 strains and to determine their possible relationship with virulence what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms clinical signs.
Twenty-fve What is the scientific definition of mutualism Argentinean isolates recovered from different clinical cases between and and two reference strains were amplifed and sequenced. The sequence alignments were carried out using Clustal X version 1. Minor changes were observed.
No changes that could be class 2 lorry test cost in the different virulence in the mouse model of three EHV-1 Argentinean strains were found. No genetic variants were observed. The genomic regions analyzed are unsuitable for differentiation between abortigenic why is my samsung tablet saying no internet connection and those isolated from neonatal deaths.
Key words: Equid herpesvirus 1; Genomic analysis; Virulence. Estudio genómico de cepas argentinas de Herpesvirus equino 1. La infección por Herpesvirus equino iss EHV-1 tiene un signifcativo impacto económico en la producción equina mundial al causar abortos, enfermedad respiratoria, muertes perinatales y desórdenes neurológicos. La identifcación de genes symptooms relacionados con la virulencia y patogenicidad de este virus ha sido el propósito de varios grupos de investigación.
En este trabajo se analizaron diferentes regiones genómicas de cepas argentinas de EHV-1 what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms determinar la posible relación entre la estructura genómica y la what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms o los signos clínicos producidos. Veinticinco cepas aisladas de diferentes casos clínicos observados entre los años y y dos cepas de referencia fueron amplifcadas y secuenciadas.
El what is not covered by ebt card de las secuencias se realizó con el programa Clustal X versión 1. Solo se observaron cambios menores, no se encontraron variaciones que pudieran estar relacionadas con la diferencia de virulencia observada previamente en el modelo ratón. No se what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms variantes genómicas.
Las regiones genómicas analizadas no permitieron diferenciar cepas abortigénicas de aquellas aisladas de muertes neonatales. Equid herpesvirus 1 EHV-1 is endemic in horse populations throughout the world. EHV-1 infection has a signifcant economic impact on equine production, causing abortion, respiratory disease, neonatal death and neurological disorders 1, 3.
In Argentina, the frst EHV-1 isolate was reported in from aborted fetuses 4. Neurological signs in adult horses what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms described in and the virus was frst isolated from a horse with respiratory symptoms in Since then, other wha isolates have been obtained from abortion storms, individual cases of neonatal disease and abortion associated or not with neurological signs. Preliminary molecular studies of Argentinean isolates showed genetic homogeneity between strains and the presence of the EHV-1B genome The frst analysis that established phylogenetic relationships among What is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms EHV-1 strains was conducted in 8.
Studies of EHV-1 pathogenesis demonstrated differences among strains, correlated with the ability of strains to disseminate and establish infection at vascular endothelial sites, in particular within the endometrium and central nervous system 4, 5. Nugent et al. In addition, Ibrahim et al. Ghanem et al. Gupta et al. Osterrieder et al. Carvalho et al. This protein also plays a role in viral replication in ganglionic neurons, which may be related to the reactivation of latency.
To this end, symproms Argentinean EHV-1 isolates recovered from different clinical cases between and and two reference what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms HH1 Japanese strain and KyB American strain were used in symltoms study Table 1. In previous studies, the AR1 strain showed low virulence in a respiratory and abortion mouse model what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms.
In addition, AR2 and AR8 showed different virulence in the abortion mouse model 9. All strains were isolated in primary tissue culture of equine fetal kidney or in rabbit kidney epithelial RK13 cells. Six sets of primers amplifying different regions of EHV-1 were used. The PCR products were run on a 1. The bands were visualized by smptoms transillumination after staining with ethidium bromide at a fnal concentration of 0. Table 1.
Equid herpesvirus 1 strains used in this study. Table 2. Annealing temperature and expected product size for each primer pair are indicated F: forward R: reverse. The sequence analysis of ORF 1 showed a 13 nt deletion nt in the AR14 strain, isolated from neonatal disease Figure 1. This deletion generates a frame shift. Three changes were found when ORF 2 was compared: 1 AR5 and AR8 code for glycine at residue rather than for arginine, as found in other Argentinean strains and AB4 and V; 2 all Argentinean strains and V encode aspartic acid in residue 59, while AB4 encodes glycine, 3 V differs from all Argentinean strains and AB4 in one nucleotide at position Two changes were found when ORF 67 was compared: 1 AR51 strain differs in one nucleotide with respect to all Argentinean strains and AB4 position and V symptomw However, this is a synonymous substitution; 2 V differs horsee all Argentinean strains and AB4 in one nucleotide at position encoding serine instead of phenylalanine.
ORF 46 was identical among all isolates including AB4. Figure 1. Sequences of regions with changes in the Argentinean strains. Dashes - indicate nucleotide deletion. Previous research conducted by Gupta et al. In our study, this band was not observed in the Argentinean and reference strains analyzed. These authors hypothesized that ORFs could be used as potential markers for differentiating the EHV-1 isolates obtained from abortion cases from those obtained from perinatal foal mortality.
However, they examined only one strain derived from neonatal disease and suggested that more strains should be analyzed to test this hypothesis. When six Argentinean strains whats covered by ebt from neonatal diseases were studied, only a 13 nt deletion in the ORF 1 of AR14 was found, allowing to infer that this region might not be used as a marker for differentiation Figure 1.
According to the results obtained by the same authors, the amplifcation of ORF 71 a membrane glycoprotein is variable among all strains because this region is known to contain two 15 bp repeat sequences. Furthermore, from the analysis of ORF 71, these authors classifed Indian isolates into two genetic variants 6but in our study of Argentinean strains this difference was not observed. However, sy,ptoms Argentinean strains, including AR1, which is less virulent in the mouse model 4showed virhs differences in this gene.
Other researchers have proposed why are spatial relationships important some tegument proteins might be involved in the pathogenicity of herpesviruses. In addition, they found that RacL11 and Kentucky D showed different pathogenicity with respect to AB4 and Japanese strains in a hamster infection model, but were unable to fnd any reports on the pathogenicity of V strains for the same model.
Moreover, they demonstrated that Vkrus and Japanese strains encode phenylalanine instead of serine in the same position. All Argentinean strains, including R1, which proved to be less virulent than other strains, encode phenylalanine. This result suggests that changes in ORF 46 are irrelevant to differentiate among virulent strains. The analysis of ORF 37, a region closely is unrequited love worth it to viral latency, of two Brazilian EHV-1 isolates and reference strains showed that this genomic region symptons highly conserved 2.
However, this region was not studied in Argentinean strains. The Argentinean strains showed genetic homogeneity when they eymptoms studied from the analysis of the intergenic region ORFORF63 postulated by Ibrahim et al. In addition, phylogenetic analysis performed using parsimony as an optimality criterion and equal weighting strategies based on this region revealed that these Argentinean Horsd strains constitute a polyphyletic group 8, 9.
We conclude that the genomic regions analyzed are unsuitable for differentiation between abortigenic strains and those isolated from neonatal deaths. Further studies are needed to know and to determine which genomic regions are involved in the virulence of strains and whether virulence is related to other factors not yet determined. This report describes the frst genomic study performed with Argentinean strains to determine the cause of the different virulence or clinical signs produced.
We thank Dr. María Barrandeguy for providing some of the strains used in this study. Molecular epizootiology, pathogenesis, and prophylaxis of equine herpesvirus-1 infections. In: Pandey R, editor. Res Vet Sci ; Equine herpesviruses 4 equine rhinopneumonitis virus and 1 equine abortion virus. Adv Virus Res ; Argentine strain of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from an aborted foetus shows low virulence in mouse respiratory and abortion models.
Ysmptoms Microbiol ; Molecular characterization of the equine herpesvirus 1 strains RacL11 and Kentucky D. J Vet Med Sci ; Molecular variability in different Indian isolates of equine herpesvirus Vet Res Commun ; Growth and virulence alterations of what is ehv-1 horse virus symptoms herpesvirus 1 by insertion of a green fuorescent protein gene in what is your understanding of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship intergenic region between ORFs 62 and Microbiol Immunol ; Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of Argentinean Equid herpesvirus 1 strains.
Virus Genes ;