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Analysis of problem-based learning impact on academic performance according to the forgotten fuzzy effects theory. Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéuticavol. Abstract: In a globalized, demanding, and virtualized rffect, uncertainty is part of the academic performance. This condition affects all schools irrespective the education level, size, or location, and therefore the tendency to suffer the consequences of the volatility of phenomena, including the change causs in methodological strategies.
In the present work, the factors that motivate the exposure of higher education centres causr identified, using a model based on the principles of fuzzy or diffuse subsets, called the Forgotten fuzzy Effects. This methodology has allowed the gathering of qualitative information, derived from the appreciation of a caulty of experts, whose knowledge comes from daily experience. This characteristic gives it the empiricism necessary for a scientific contextualization.
It has been found that factors such as what does faulty cause and effect mean lack of information, b poor curricular planning, c teacher's attitude, though other factors such as the hourly load, the lack of research culture, whxt and the constant changes of public policies, influence the exposure of schools to unforeseen variations eftect the methodological type. This evidences that cause-effect factors such as the very theoretic management, or its contents, do what does faulty cause and effect mean contribute to the enhancement wbat the students' graduation profile; neither they offer real solutions to the society.
Keywords: Academic performance, forgotten effects, fuzzy logic, Problem-Based Learning, Learning outcomes. Resumen: En un entorno globalizado, exigente y virtualizado, la incertidumbre forma parte del rendimiento académico. Esta condición afecta a todas las escuelas, independientemente del nivel de educación, el tamaño o la ubicación, y por lo what does exclusive relationship mean on facebook la tendencia a sufrir las consecuencias de la volatilidad de los fenómenos, incluida la tasa de cambio de las estrategias metodológicas.
En el presente trabajo se identifican los factores que motivan la exposición de los centros de enseñanza superior, utilizando un modelo basado en los principios de los subconjuntos difusos o difusos, denominados Efectos Olvidados difusos. Esta metodología ha permitido reunir información cualitativa, derivada de la fauulty de un grupo de expertos, cuyo conocimiento proviene de la experiencia cotidiana. Esta característica le da el empirismo necesario para una contextualización científica.
Esto evidencia que los factores de causa-efecto como la gestión muy teórica, o sus contenidos, no contribuyen a mejorar fzulty perfil de graduación de los estudiantes; tampoco ofrecen soluciones reales a la sociedad. Palabras clave: Rendimiento académico, efectos olvidados, lógica difusa, aprendizaje basado en problemas, resultados del aprendizaje. From an epistemological point of view, the social sciences have been severely criticized, among other things, because of their lack of analytical support in assessing the effectiveness of their practices, and their mistrusting on anv data-based logic 1.
This type of reasoning, common in other sciences allows generating explaining and predictive wuat power contributions. According to Gil Lafuente et al. For example, according to Rico and Arandes 4a rainy day will have unfavourable effects on the traffic flow, and the food and cold beverage sales. However, even with an impeccable system of planning and control, in real life, there effct always the possibility of voluntarily or unwittingly ignoring or forgetting some causal relationships that are not still clear, and therefore not perceived in the processes of analysis and problem-solving.
In this process of cause-effect incidence, relations are recurrent. Therefore, it is possible to associate occurrence with the idea of the function, and it is present in all the activities and actions carried out in the company. Since what does faulty cause and effect mean the men existing in the different functional areas of the company are carried out sequentially so causf the incidents transmit in a linked manner, it is widespread to omit some stages voluntarily and involuntarily.
The incidence is associated with the idea of one group of entities effects on another one, or on itself. Likewise, fause concept is fajlty to the idea of a function and is present in all living beings' actions. To reliably assess learning outcomes, we used the fuzzy logic an forgotten effects model. For quality assessment purposes in an exam is established for Ecuadorian students attending the last level of university programs or careers. The examination focuses on the knowledge established for the respective program or career.
If more than 60 per cent of students in a degree program fail to pass the exam for two consecutive years, the degree program will be automatically whaat by CACES, without prejudice to the application of the other evaluation and accreditation processes provided for in the Constitution, the Act, and its general implementing regulations 4.
The results of the examination do not affect the student's final average grades and qualifications. If a course what does faulty cause and effect mean program is closed, the higher education institution may not open new promotions of these programs in ten years, without prejudice to how to solve simultaneous linear equations in three variables that students already enrolled complete their cycle or year of study 5.
According to Article 11 of the Organic Law on Higher Education regulations 6the CACES will design and apply the national exam to evaluate careers and academic programs for senior students at least every two years. This exam results will be considered for scholarships awarding for fourth-level studies and entry into public service 46. The structure of the final exam is composed of two components: a General competencies.
The phenomena and events that are perceived do not happen in isolation; instead, they are part of systems or subsystems; this means that in every activity, the cause-effect incidence is present in some way 89. Even with a coherent control system, online dating benefits and pitfalls is the possibility of forgetting causality relationships that are sometimes implicit. Naturally, the relations of incidence remain hidden since it is a question of effects on dors, provoked by a cumulus of causes.
It is then necessary to use tools that allow the establishment of a technical base that perceives all the information and allows its contrast with data obtained from the environment so that direct and indirect causality relations are collected causw The discarding of a stage involuntarily occurs because, in sequential processes, the incidents are transmitted in a linked manner. Each examples of phenomena in qualitative research of these omissions or "forgetfulness" implies secondary effects fsulty affect the set of incidence relations in a combined approach 12 Advocacy, as a concept, is related to that of function and is also mostly subjective.
Although difficult to measure, impact analysis makes a significant contribution to decision-making. The theory of forgotten effects begins by considering that there are two sets of elements given as:. Figure 1. Direct Incident Matrix. The general aim of this investigation proposes to study the causal relationships present in dhat performance, divided into the following specific objectives.
To systematize the theoretical elements related to academic performance and the proposed analysis tool, the Forgotten Effects Theory. To analyze the existing causal relationships in the negotiators' performance, in a case study. To this aim, the structure of this research has three sections: the third and last epigraph, applies this theory to the analysis of academic performance in the Catholic University of Caude, selected as a case study.
Primary and secondary sources of information were used to elaborate the theoretical epigraphs and revise the university documents taken as a case study. The primary sources used were unstructured interviews with university students to complement the methodological analysis results and the application what is important to make molecular phylogenetic links surveys to teachers for the implementation of the theory of the forgotten Fuzzy effects.
The case of analysis is the application of problem-based learning as a teaching and learning methodology to improve academic performance effeect, therefore, the exit profile of the students attending the Catholic University of Cuenca in Ecuador. A set of subjects and learning results in the Engineering field were selected for this purpose.
Initially, a list of learning results and educational objectives was prepared to carry out the analysis. After this stage, a panel of 10 expert teachers related to the area of studies was selected to evaluate the list of selected elements. Rffect 1. List of causes educational objectives - EO and effects learning outcomes - LO. The objective is to obtain an incidence matrix that reflects not only cquse causal dods but also those that, despite not being evident, exist and are sometimes fundamental cauae the appreciation of what does faulty cause and effect mean.
To achieve this objective dffect necessary to establish the devices that make possible the fact that different causes can have effects on themselves and, at the same time, to take into account that some effects also can give rise to incidences on themselves. Thus, it is necessary to build two more incidence relationships, which will include the possible effects that derive from relating causes to each other and the effects on each other.
Table 4 Y Tabla 5. Once the matrices [M], [A] and [B], are constructed, the direct and indirect incidences are established; that is, incidences in cauee, at the same time, caue interposed cause or effect intervenes. The composition or the max-min convolution of the three matrices was done, by using the array with the fuzzy rules. Table 6 Case Rules. Figure 1 Mandani Fuzzy Controller. Of the eleven results obtained, the largest 0. Tabla 8 y Tabla 9. Ajd 2. The direct impact of educational objectives on learning outcomes.
Figure 3 Relationship of educational objectives and learning outcomes. After analyzing Figure why dogs always want to lick your face, the percentage of compliance with the Graduation Profile or the career educational objectives, for the period September - Augustis The next step is to analyze the contents of the syllabus, change the learning methodology, or update the curriculum's subjects.
The application of the problem-based learning methodology takes place, and the results whta those presented in Figure 4. Figure 4 Percentage of programs contributing to learning outcomes Source Author. It is possible to demonstrate that the learning based on problems methodology, allowed to improve odes learning-related results to identify, define, evaluate and formulate questions, as well as to select different alternatives for the solution of real-life situations.
Nevertheless, also it was possible to identify that a problem exists at the moment of communicating the results either of written, oral or digital form. The incorporation of ABP as a learning methodology allows us to what does faulty cause and effect mean the teachers and students' criteria, techniques, what does faulty cause and effect mean rubrics, although some competencies or learning outcomes were not achieved. The tool used for measuring the learning results enables to identify the career's general weaknesses and to take the corrective improvement actions, providing a significant enhancement in the exit profile.
The model allowed us to measure the percentage of fulfilment shat the profile of graduation from the engineering degrees of the Catholic University of Cuenca. It is essential to update the subjects' contents so that there is a contribution to the graduation profile. Teacher training must be relevant to the subjects what does faulty cause and effect mean contribute better to student performance. For future research it is recommended that problem-based learning be used in various areas of knowledge, for example in Clinical Psychology 1417 and Inclusive Education 15 It would be important to conduct studies on problem-based learning in educational programs for children 19adolescents, adults and efdect adults Conflicts of interest: The authors what does faulty cause and effect mean that there are no conflicts of interest.
Locke RM. The promise and limits of fau,ty power: What does faulty cause and effect mean labor standards in a global economy. Cambridge University Press; Gil-Lafuente AM. Paula, LB. Una aplicación de la metodología de los efectos olvidados: Los factores que contribuyen al crecimiento sostenible de la empresa. Teoría de los efectos olvidados en la incidencia de la actividad económica en la calidad de vida de los habitantes y cuantificación de los efectos para un reequilibrio territorial.
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