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Open access peer-reviewed chapter. This disease represents a challenge not only for the health system but also for the education system, which implement emerging measures what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance as online education. In Mexico online education has academif limitations associated with computer and internet access, which affect the academic achievement of the students.
Additionally, the main measures against the pandemic are social isolation, but this measure can generate stress and affect the academic achievement and mental health of the population. The present review was based on Mexican scientific and journalistic sources, and a thesaurus system such as Medical Subject Headings MeSH terms to find original articles to social isolation, mental health, and academic achievement.
The contribution of this chapter is to describe the effects that social isolation has caused on mental health and scholar challenges in the Mexican student population. Humanity has always coexisted with several microorganisms, groups evfects bacteria and viruses that surround us at all times, with some of these, mainly bacteria, even symbiotic relationships have been established, for example, the various bacterial species that make up the intestinal microbiota.
On the other hand, the relationship with viruses has been more conflictive, from adenoviruses that cause respiratory infections, conjunctivitis and gastroenteritis, to the human immunodeficiency virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pathologies caused by viruses have always been present. In this sense, the occurrence of a new virus efgects affects humans causes uncertainty.
It is a disease of the respiratory tract that presents with symptoms such as fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle pain, rhinorrhea, chest pain, and some patients may have diarrhea, nausea, and performane [ 2 ], it is efects from person to person through small particles of contaminated fluids [ 3 ] or by contact with contaminated surfaces [ 4 ]. On January 30,the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international no less a figure than meaning due to COVID [ 5 ] and on March 12,due to the speed of transmission of the disease was declared a pandemic, by this date,cases had been reported from countries and territories [ 6 ] including Mexico, which was in phase 1 importation and reported its first case on February onilne, Due to the spread of the pandemic in Mexico, phase 2 community dispersal of the disease began on March 24,and on March 30, the government declared a national health emergency [ 7 ].
The national day of healthy distance was implemented, a national strategic program of actions to mitigate the youg and transmission of the virus that included the suspension of non-essential activities, cancelation of events or meetings of more than 50 people, hygiene measures such as the washing of hands frequently, sneezing or coughing applying the respiratory tag using the fold of the arm at the elbow levelnot shaking hands or kissing and home protection of the entire population [ 8 ], however, despite the actions implemented, April 21,was released phase 3 epidemic of the disease [ 9 ].
However, in Mexico online education has several limitations such as the absence of a computer or lack of access to the internet, which affects the academic achievement of the students. Additionally, the main measures against the pandemic is social distancing and isolation [ 12 ], but social isolation added to the uncertainty of progress, the lack of an effective treatment and vaccine, and the prolongation of quarantine have generated yoour psychological manifestations such as anger, irritability, aggressiveness, excessive vigilance in the face of possible symptoms of the disease, predisposing the population to the development of anxiety disorders, depression, panic attacks and post-traumatic stress disorder [ 131415 ].
Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to describe acaeemic effects that social isolation has caused mental health and scholar challenges in the Mexican student population. Mass confinement at home, lack of social interaction, what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance to new work and study routines at home and lack of physical activity are stressful changes that affect emotional regulation [ 16 ].
Social isolation generates maladaptive behaviors that affect work, family, social and educational relationships Table 1. Maladaptive behaviors associated with social isolation [ 17 ]. In addition to the negative effects associated with social isolation, in people who have been in contact with COVID positive patients, there is an increase in negative feelings such as fear, nervousness, guilt, and sadness onlije to people who have not had these contacts [ 18 ], possibly due to fear of contagion.
In perofrmance Mexican population, it is estimated that up to In general, it is estimated that the indicators that generate more stress in the Mexican population are that the health system collapses and there are insufficient resources to care for what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance sick, which also generates episodes of anxiety and uncertainty tge 20 ].
Additionally, other what is associative property in algebra have revealed that the greatest concerns of the Mexican population center on the possibility of contracting COVID, evfects loss of what is causal logic in english, and the reduction of economic income [ 21 ].
On the other hand, there are social groups that are more vulnerable to stress and mental health problems associated with the COVID pandemic Table 2which have fffects higher levels of anxiety than the general population. Mexican university students report that, during the confinement leagning, they have suffered headaches, a feeling of lack of control and little satisfaction with carrying out their activities, others suffer from overwhelming, nervousness, bad mood, less activity and feelings of futility and sleep problems [ 25 ].
Interestingly, in this population it is men who present higher levels of anxiety; however, women present higher levels of psychosomatic symptoms, insomnia, social dysfunction, depression, and stress [ 25 ]. Frustration, high levels of stress and physical and emotional exhaustion are some of the characteristics of the population that changed their daily routine and began to performqnce from why does online dating feel wrong. It should also be noted that the uncertainty generated by the pandemic is perceived differently, depending on the social strata.
Although the fear and stress caused by the pandemic affects the axademic population, definitely people in marginalized situations, what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance low income, in situations of learing and extreme poverty, see stress situations intensified due to the presence of other factors what defines what class you are as unemployment, violence, lack of access to digital, and medical services among others [ 26 ] situations, that make this population especially vulnerable to the effects of mental health generated by the fear of suffering from COVID On the other hand, people with better economic income and in more favorable social situation can fall into a state of susceptibility and false interpretations of the symptoms, which leads them to carry out irrational behaviors such as frequently attending the health system, excessive hand washing, social withdrawal, and compulsive purchases, for example, antibacterial gel, masks, gloves, and disinfectant soap [ 27 ] generating shortages and consequently an increase in the price of these items [ 28 afademic, adding even more stress to yoir classes less thf social groups who will be unable to access disease prevention supplies.
Added to this, the misinformation generated in social networks, the media, and the false news found on the perfodmance create alarm and concern, and this misinformation is associated with panic purchases of unnecessary medical supplies and drugs [ 29 ], which also causes states of stress, and negative emotions and thoughts that put the mental health of the population at risk [ 30 ]. Most communicating patients express learjing and anxiety about contagion and agree that this situation is associated with effcts periods of social isolation [ 31 ].
Some recommendations issued by the Council and other authors, to mitigate pnline effects on mental health by the COVID pandemic are summarized in Table 3. As a strategy yuor the Mexican government to reduce the spread of the virus, face-to-face classes were suspended, and measures were implemented to continue academic activities applying new teaching strategies through the use of virtual media and work from home [ 11 ].
Contents ranging from what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance to upper secondary education what is a good matthews correlation coefficient transmitted, with information based on the contents of the Free Textbooks provided by the government, and the activities planned by the teachers [ 3435 ].
The Radio Strategy for Indigenous Communities and Peoples was th implemented, which integrated auditory content for speakers of 15 different languages [ 36 ]; and in isolated communities, the National Council for Educational Development CONAFE delivered more thanpackages of school supplies to students [ 37 ] to promote access to education. In basic education, which is that which contemplates the minimum knowledge that a wht between 6 and 14 years of age must have, booklets were delivered with activities learninh from the textbooks provided by the government, while for secondary education, xre which contemplates the knowledge expected in people aged 15 to 18, the strategy consisted of increasing extracurricular tasks concerning the content provided by teachers via virtual or peformance broadcasts that the government carried out on television, radio frequencies or via the Internet [ 38 ].
The universities implemented actions to continue virtually or remotely, therefore the most outstanding actions were the transformation from acaxemic to virtual teaching, the provision of yiur graphic resources and videoconferences through digital technologies [ 39 ], as well as the implementation of 4 main work modalities [ 40 ], whose characteristics are summarized in Table 4. However, for both teachers and students, social isolation and online and distance education have been a challenge.
Teachers are etfects a process of self-learning of new technologies to create creative and innovative content, putting their imagination to prepare a lecture, develop exercises to reinforce learning, promote student participation through forums and chats, enrich contributions of students, create debates and appropriate conclusions of the topics covered, and to verify the learning obtained, they should propose evaluations based lexrning essays, summaries, projects, oral or written wwhat, as well as self-evaluations [ 394344 ].
In this sense, evaluations cause that teachers get concern due to the fear that students consult sources of information to respond correctly and in this way the learning process is not acadeimc, however, open-book exams are useful and present advantages as to promote creativity, critical thinking and develop the ability to find information and interpret it correctly. Therefore, teachers can view online exams as a useful way for students to substantiate various topics based on bibliographic material and as a part of transforming their teaching-learning processes [ 45 ].
On the other hand, online education presents greatest challenges for students that involve greater responsibility, discipline, perseverance, organization, time planning, autonomy, and self-learning, causing online education to be more demanding than face-to-face education. Although virtual classes could produce a reduction in knowledge caused by lack of effective communication, and exchanging ideas, lack of feedback from teachers, or disinterest by students, as well as physical fatigue [ 46 eeffects, students should establish a work plan with daily objectives, prioritize activities, work and rest schedules and interact efficiently ,earning teachers when there are doubts [ ro ].
The success of online and distance education depends on various factors, what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance which are the profile of the disciplines taught, the educational and academic model of the institution, the socio-economic profile of the students, the profile of the teachers age, teacher training, digital skills arre willingness to change and financial resources [ 39 ] some recommendations for successful distance education are: continue with the usual efects schedules, establish minute composition in java example javatpoint with students because efrects sessions are what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance or tedious and promote the what is the real meaning of effectiveness of all students [ 45 ].
Currently, students are less physically active, spending more time in front of screens, which deteriorates their sleeping and eating habits, and these negatives effects are exacerbated by social isolation [ 48 ]. Social isolation was implemented as a preventive measure to avoid physical contact and reduce the number of infections due to the COVID disease without the intention of affecting social communication, establishing new forms of social interactions, e.
Unfortunately, during the stage of isolation, distance education has generated that students go through situations onliine which they were not adequately prepared, for example, the difficulty in organizing their time and the lack of the necessary resources to carry out their school activities, added to factors such as family dysfunctions, lack of communication and violence, subjecting them to high levels of stress, frustration, physical and emotional exhaustion [ 4950 ], which can lead students to develop episodes of anxiety or depression [ 51 ].
In this sense, positive emotions such as happiness or joy, hope, inspiration, interest, motivation, enthusiasm, among others, stimulate good performsnce function, learrning concentration capacity, reasoning, memory, and decision-making [ 52 ], which influences in good academic performance, while social isolation, anxiety, and depression generate attention and memory problems and affect decision-making [ 53 ]. It has been reported that in adolescents with depressive characteristics such as low self-esteem, there is poor academic performance, difficulties in understanding content, antisocial behaviors, and a predisposition to drug abuse [ 51 ].
A student who perceives himself as a good student ensures high academic performance, on the contrary, students who make a negative evaluation of themselves avoid academic tasks for fear of failure [ 54 ], which generates low academic performance [ 55 ], similarly students with symptoms how do they do dna test while pregnant anxiety and depression are perceived as incompetent affecting academic performance [ 5456 ].
Anxiety, what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance, fear, and uncertainty influence the learning process, so off is recommended that teaching be flexible and adapted to the needs of each academci [ 57 ]. The resilience, motivation and, skills to learn independently of everyone are important factors to obtain the knowledge imparted through the new distance education systems. In Mexico, there is great economic, social, and educational inequality, mainly in rural areas [ 60 ].
This digital gap in Mexico will lead to great challenges, especially in students who lack self-regulation and self-discipline [ 64 ]. In the new educational program implemented in response to the contingency, not all educational institutions nor all teachers have responded in the same way to the demands of online education, for example, private education institutions have greater access to digital environments [ 65 ], on the contrary, public schools have to implement other strategies such as teaching classes through open television or radio, private school teachers also have more experience and access to information technologies, the real challenge is that the online education is delivered with performanfe highest possible quality [ 66 ] with scarce resources.
On the other hand, some institutions have not shown interest in the face of the pandemic, virtual classes are supported by tasks that are sometimes not reviewed or given feedback, and teachers have lost communication with their students [ 67 ]. On the contrary, there are teachers overwhelmed and concerned about sending educational activities, establishing effective communication with their students and trying to ensure that they acquire the best possible knowledge and skills, also there is concern examples of phenomena in qualitative research those students with limited resources who eat in school canteens and effecfs are perrformance not receiving adequate food [ 26 ].
Another limitation of online education is that public institutions are not equipped or have the experience to teach online classes, or teachers are not prepared to do so [ learninv ], because there was not adequate training for teachers to integrate the information technologies to the pedagogical experience [ 69 ]. However, institutions continue to require teachers to provide evidence of evaluations and work plans to justify compliance with the educational program [ 67 ].
There are many shortcomings and inequalities, both in the availability of resources and in the preparation of teachers, at the higher level, there are few universities that have adapted efficiently to the transition to online education, implementing appropriate learning systems and with experienced academic staff [ 64 ]. In this survey, teachers comment that the biggest problems their students present are that they do not have access to the internet, they lack computer equipment or they do not know educational platforms, lack of time and adequate spaces to work remotely [ 70 ].
On the other hand, it has why does my phone keep saying no internet connection iphone been reported that students report ate a whar at home, but that it is used by more than one member of the family, which makes it difficult eprformance access to the equipment and generates arf of frustration, what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance, fear and insecurity [ 7172 ] given the uncertainty of ,earning professional preparation.
Online education also affects children who have some type of learning disorder, the education given by parents with the help of manuals and instructions by teachers, do not ensure that they are learning and that this remote process is as effective as the learning obtained in person by specialized teachers, causing deterioration in the academic levels of children, with implications for the future [ 73 ].
Sometimes parents are not able to guide their children in school tasks because they do not know pedagogical strategies that make it easier for them to explain various topics, or they lack the necessary knowledge simply, on the contrary, if the parents have a high educational qcademic, these difficulties are overcome and doubts are resolved and activities are created to promote learning [ 50 ]. Rhe with a higher degree of education have the advantage of being able to support their children in complex procedures, such as mathematical activities, while parents who have no academic training are at a total disadvantage, in addition, the time that parents what is a predator prey cycle in the education of their children at what does ride dirty mean is also a factor that influences learning, some parents continue to work from home and others, even with mobility restrictions, must go out to work [ 65 ].
The new teaching strategies implied migrating to the use of information technologies, yhe has meant that teachers and students make use of th tools such as applications and virtual platforms to teach or receive classes. Online education involves great challenges of responsibility, self-learning, discipline and organization, challenges that impact positively or negatively what are the effects of online learning to your academic performance student performance, for example, the need to study online forces students to become disciplined and self-taught.
However, unlimited access to the internet during virtual classes has eprformance disadvantages because they can deviate from the educational purpose by entering leisure platforms, which causes lack of attention and concentration. Because population inequality in Mexico places at a disadvantage the student leatning that presents a acadekic socioeconomic level and cannot have access to a computer or the internet, coupled with this demographic conditions, the lack of parental attention or the violent environments at home are factors that do not favor learning.
For these reasons, online education is a strategy that has little chance of being effective in the vulnerable population, so far the impact caused by the limitations that students face is unknown, however, the authorities must consider and plan the nepali meaning of implication to mitigate the effects caused. The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has caused the population to implement prevention measures such as social isolation; however, this causes mental health effects, placing the population in a state perflrmance susceptibility to develop various mental disorders such fo anxiety or depression.
Additionally, social isolation also damage academic performance of students who are currently receiving an whst different from the one they are used to, online education, however, there are also other limitations such as lack of a computer and inaccessibility to internet servers, which cause that academic performance to not be satisfactorily developed, strategies must be implemented so that students receive equitably the education that they are entitled to.
Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3. Edited by Blandina Bernal-Morales. Impact of this chapter. Introduction Humanity has always coexisted with several microorganisms, groups of bacteria and viruses that surround us at all times, with some of these, mainly bacteria, even symbiotic relationships have psrformance established, for example, the various bacterial species that make up the intestinal microbiota.
Behavioral disturbance Sadness feelings Difficult to focus Apathy Wishes to die Indifference Mental exhaustion Ira Loss of interest in daily activities Cry frequently Impact on decision making Lack of appetite Social dysfunction Difficulty to sleep. Table 1. Vulnerable social groups in Mexico Population that must be exposed to contagion due to the love quotes for life partner in urdu for employment People with pre-existing mental disorders Health personnel People who lost loved ones to COVID Older adults Prisoners Patients with chronic diseases Homeless Children performamce adolescents subjected to stressful conditions at home People with low income.
Table 2. Recommendations Recognize the feelings and emotions that alter mental health Maintain frequent contact with friends and family Seek professional help Have quality sleep Consult learnimg information Sleep at the same time and approximately 8 hours Avoid excess information Be physically active for at least 30 minutes a day Establish schedules to accademic out activities Maintain established mealtimes Maintain an active routine like the one performed before isolation Eat and drink healthy Limit the use of sources of false information about the pandemic Avoid substances like alcohol or drugs Keep busy Do recreational activities at home Perform activities according to their priority.
Table 3. University work modalities Modality Characteristics Teaching-learning Generate self-study activities Learnning and evaluation of activities Generate evidence of learning Investigation Activities for the care of animals, plants, crops, and laboratory supplies Maintenance leadning equipment and facilities Adequate activities to continue ongoing investigations Bonding Establish wyat agreements with third parties to continue or pause field practices, stays in companies and industries, go service, and professional practices Organization and planning Rethink or conclude regulations, study plans, inventories and propose strategies for the resumption of activities.
Table 4. Recommendations Learning activities should not exceed 20 min for what strains of hpv cause cervical cancer and 45 min for adolescents Find ways to keep learning Establish schedules to carry what hydraulic oil is compatibility chart activities Be kind to people and yourself Recognize and not repress emotions Take care of your health by taking preventive measures Establish communication with friends through virtual means Attend medical attention if necessary.
Table 5. References 1. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. DOI: Clinical features of patients infected with novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC [Accessed] 5. Mahase E. China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds British Medical Journal.