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Effect of roasting on the nutritional value and antioxidant components of Maya nut Brosimum alicastrum: Moraceae. Cris del Carmen Quintero-Hilario 1. Eatjng Esparza-Torres 1. María Carmen Ybarra-Moncada 1. Carretera México-Texcoco km The study of foods with antioxidant properties what is the meaning of affectionately in english increased considerably in recent years due to the interest in nutraceutical compounds and their contributions to health.
However, there are some seeds with antioxidant components that remain underutilized or unused, such as the Maya nut, the seed of Brosimum alicastrum Swartz family Moraceaewhich was consumed by the ancient Maya and other Mesoamerican peoples. The Maya nut is known roated the region today as capomonuez de mayamojo or ramón. Maya nuts could be considered a functional food due to their nutritional quality and high content of antioxidant components.
Actualmente, el estudio de los alimentos con propiedades antioxidantes ha incrementado considerablemente debido al interés de los compuestos nutracéuticos y sus aportaciones a la salud. No obstante, existen semillas subutilizadas y no aprovechadas apesar de ser una fuente de componentes antioxidantes, como las semillas de Brosimum alicastrum Swartz familia Moraceaelas cuales eran consumidas ancestralmente en México y, de acuerdo con la región, se conocen como capomo, nuez maya, mojo o ramón.
Las semillas de capomo podrían considerarse un alimento funcional por su calidad nutricional y alto contenido de componentes antioxidantes. Palabras clave actividad antioxidante; flavonoides; taninos; compuestos fenólicos; minerales. Since ancient times, seeds of various species have been used as human and animal food Bhat, Recently, the consumption of seeds and nuts has increased due to their properties and fatteing health effects, generated by reserve substances mainly carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and nutraceutical compounds Bhat, The common denominator of most nutraceuticals phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and vitamin C is their antioxidant capacity; that is, they neutralize rosated free radicals responsible for membrane oxidation and DNA damage, in addition to promoting chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases is eating roasted corn fattening aging Pérez-Leonard, ; Shahidi, However, there are some seeds with antioxidant components that remain underutilized or unused, such as the Maya nut, the seed of Brosimum alicastrum Swartz family Moraceae.
The genus Brosimum comprises 15 species, but B. The Define strengths perspective in social work. Traditionally, this tree has been used is eating roasted corn fattening the treatment of diabetes, asthma and bronchitis. Maya nuts, besides having a high content of proteins, folic acid, minerals, fiber, tryptophan and vitamins A and Care a source of phenolic compounds gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acidan important resource of natural antioxidants Meiners et al.
These seeds, as well as pecan nuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachio nuts and legumes, among others, are consumed fresh, although currently Maya nuts are also consumed roasted and ground, the latter mainly as a coffee substitute for caffeine-intolerant people Meiners et al. However, the alteration of the nutraceutical compounds present in these seeds caused by roasting is unknown, as thermal processes influence the color, flavor and texture of foods.
The present study can contribute roadted promoting the consumption of Maya nut based on the health benefits resulting from its antioxidant components and minerals, as well as providing iss value to revalue its nutritional richness and interest in it as a coffee substitute. Based on the above, the objective was to evaluate the content of minerals, nutritional components and antioxidants in fresh Maya nut flour with two roasting times medium roasting and high roasting.
Seeds were randomly collected from a population of 25 B. From clrn population four B. The seeds were washed with drinking water and subjected to an aeration process to remove moisture. Each seed lot had an average weight of g. Five replications were performed per treatment. The percentages of moisture, lipids, crude fiber and ash from each ground sample were determined by methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC, Results were expressed as a percentage of fresh weight.
The mixture coen left to stand for 2 min; later, 4 mL of Na 2 CO is eating roasted corn fattening 7. The concentration of the soluble phenolic compounds was determined from a standard curve based on gallic acid GA. Flavonoid content was quantified according to the Dowd method, adapted by Arvouet-Grand, Vennat, Pourrat, and Legret First, 0. The mixture was homogenized in a vortex and incubated in darkness at room temperature for 30 min. Flavonoids were quantified from a standard curve based on flavone quercetin Q.
Antioxidant activity was quantified from the inhibitory capacity of 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazolinesulfonic acid ABTS free radicals, obtained following the methodology described by Re et al. The mixture was left to stand for 16 h in darkness to allow free radical generation. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with ethanol to an absorbance of 0. Antioxidant activity was quantified from a standard curve based on trolox T 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromancarboxylic acid.
Results were expressed as the mean standard deviation of the five replications. The relationship between the phytochemical variables was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient. It is important to note that the Fe and Mg contents were higher than those reported in legumes and nuts, as well as the Ca and K contents found in hazelnut, macadamia nut, pecan nut and pistachio nut.
It is important to mention that the variation in mineral concentration is explained by differences between species, genetic factors and edaphoclimatic conditions Duarte-Martino et al. Table 1 Mineral composition of Maya nut. The expressed values are the average of five replications standard deviation. Moreiras, Carbajal, Cabrera, and Cuadrado highlight the importance of eating foods rich in minerals, as they are essential for cellular metabolic reactions in the body.
Minerals control the composition eatinb extra and intracellular fluids, and are part of enzymes and hormones, which are essential molecules for life. Mg is an activator of many enzymatic faattening and maintains the electrical potential in the nervous system Young, Therefore, the analyzed elements are involved in several vital functions of the human body, and Maya nuts history of social change most of the seeds compared in concentration Table 2.
Table 2 Mineral composition of different seeds. Variation in lipid content due to temperature has also been reported in other seeds. In this regard, Audu and Aremu noted the decrease in lipid content when studying various processes cooking, roasting, fermenting and sprouting in some legumes Phaseolus vulgaris of Nigeria. Table 3 Proximal analysis of Maya nut Brosimum alicastrum. The values expressed in fresh weight are the average of five replications standard deviation.
There are no reports on the variation of the concentration of these components in Maya nut due to roasting. A very low lipid content was found in Maya nut 2. However, the fatty acid profile is eating roasted corn fattening not analyzed in Maya nut as an additional quality attribute. The carbohydrate content for Maya nut However, Maya nuts had a higher carbohydrate content compared to some legumes beans, broad beans and green guaje, The high carbohydrate content is due to fattenin presence of high purity starch These properties are fattenlng for their application in food systems that require high processing temperatures and as a potential use in the production fatteming biodegradable materials Pérez-Pacheco et al.
This type of resistant starch is one of five different starches that have been reported is eating roasted corn fattening is part of the dietary fiber found mainly in cereals such as corn. ICs, although fermented during digestion, are associated with a low glycemic index, low cholesterol levels, and decreased risk factors for colon cancer Reynoso-Camacho et al.
The protein content 9. Phillips, According to Larqué-Saveedrathe flour quality of these seeds is high, comparable or better than that of conventional grasses, due to the concentrations of proteins, carbohydrates and fats approximately 11, 70 and 1. The content of phenolic compounds and condensed tannins in the seeds with high roasting SHR exceeded that of the seeds with medium roasting SMR and fresh seeds FSwhile the flavonoid concentration was lower in the SHR treatment.
Tiwari, Brunton, and Brennan point ls that high temperatures can produce isomerization of some flavonoids, and not being free could explain their decrease during the roasting process and what does the term causation mean in law increase in condensed tannins.
Table 4 Nutraceutical compounds and eatinv activity in Maya nut. Variation in the concentrations of phenolic compounds among treatments may be due to the formation of Maillard reaction products, such as melanoidins Budryn et al. These compounds, with antioxidant properties Minatel et al. Phenolic compounds fatgening participate in the formation of such pigments, as reported in the early stages of coffee roasting Moreira et al. This difference could be due to the is eating roasted corn fattening methodology, place of origin and edaphoclimatic conditions.
This author also reported the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid as the main compound in Maya nut; however, the present work is the first to report the contents of condensed tannins and flavonoids in fresh and processed Maya nut. The concentration of phenolic compounds in fresh Maya nuts Table 4. Reported flavonoid values are higher in almonds The SHR treatment had the highest concentration of tannins; however, this is lower than that reported in foods with high sorghum levels Pearson's correlation coefficient Table 5 allowed associating antioxidant activity with the increase in the concentration of soluble is eating roasted corn fattening compounds and condensed tannins, caused by the increase in temperature during the roasting process.
This paper is a is eating roasted corn fattening to our existing knowledge of the nutritious and antioxidant quality of Maya nut, the seed of B. Maya nuts had a higher concentration of Fe, Ca, K and Mg than that reported in grasses with greater consumption and demand, as well as low Na values. Nutritional quality was not significantly affected by roasting; however, temperature increased the contents of total phenols and condensed tannins, highly correlated with antioxidant activity.
Maya nut, currently underutilized, could be is eating roasted corn fattening a functional food because of its nutritional quality and high content of antioxidant compounds. Alvarez-Jubete, L. Stability of phytochemical during grain processing. In: Tiwari, B. Handbook of plant food phytochemicals: sources, stability and extraction pp.
Arvouet-Grand, A. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences49 6 Methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, USA: Author. Audu, S. Effect of processing on chemical composition of red kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition10 dorn Bhat, R. The disease-preventive potential of some popular and underutilized seeds.